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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fine Structure of the Slimeways in Labyrinthula (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Electron microscope observations of a strain of Labyrinthula indicate that the spindle cells glide within a collapsible slime tube rather than on top of it. These slimeways are clearly extracellular, partly covered with membranes, and consist of an amorphous matrix encrusted with many small vesicular elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01867.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Acrasis rosea, a Cellular Slime Mold, During Development (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. An ultrastructural study of the myxamoebae of Acrasis rosea in the vegetative, aggregative and culminative stages was made. An intracytoplasmic system of microfibrillar bundles develops as the cells enter the aggregative stage and commence the morphogenetic sequence leading to the construction of a fruiting body. The fibrillar bundles disappear in the cells of the mature fruiting body. No relevant ultrastructural differences were observed between spores, stalk cells and microcysts. Each of these cells is surrounded by a single-layered coat of fibrillar material that is oriented parallel to the cell surface. Tubular structures were observed between the plasma membrane and the cell coat. The tubules may be layered along the cell periphery or they may be recessed in pockets formed by the plasma membrane. They resemble lomasomes typical of fungal cells. The myxamoebae of A. rosea clearly differ from the Dictyostelium-type myxamoebae in mitochondrial structure, the presence of lamellate structures in the nucleolus and the absence of prespore vacuoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02279.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology of induced systemic resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Disease resistance (systemic, induced) ; Fungitoxin (leaf surface) ; Hypersensitive reaction ; Lycopersicon (disease resistance) ; Phytophthora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The infection of tomato leaves by Phytophthora infestans was followed using cytological methods. Fungal ingress and plant reactions in untreated and induced resistant plants were studied. Systemic disease resistance was induced by a local pre-infection with the same fungus. Induction retarded fungal progress at the leaf surface, epidermis and in the mesophyll. The reduced numbers of germinated cysts indicate the presence of fungitoxic substances on the leaf surface of induced plants. Frequency of fungal penetration through the outer epidermal cell wall was reduced, but only in plants exhibiting a high level of induced resistance. Autofluor-escent material, indicating the presence of lignin-like substances, accumulated rapidly beneath some of the appressoria, but this plant response was similar in induced and non-induced plants. Staining with aniline blue indicated that callose deposition was not involved in induced resistance. Thus, none of the cytologically investigated plant reactions correlated with the reduced penetration frequency observed. In the mesophyll, however, the cytological picture corresponding to a hypersensitive reaction occurred more often in induced plants. It is concluded that reduction of disease severity by induction is the result of the combined action of several successive defence reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194269
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology of induced systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum lagenarium (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 484-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callose ; Colletotrichum ; Cucumis (infection response) ; Disease resistance (systemic, induced) ; Papilla formation (infection response)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The infection of cucumber leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium was studied using cytological methods. Its progress in untreated plants was compared with that in plants in which systemic resistance had been induced by pre-infecting the first true leaf with the same fungus. In induced plants, a reduction of fungal development was observed at the leaf surface, in the epidermis, and in the mesophyll. On the leaf surface, formation of appressoria was slightly reduced. In the epidermis, enhanced formation of papillae beneath appressoria, and possibly increased lignification of entire cells, correlated with reduced development of infection hyphae. Papillae contained callose, identified by staining with aniline-blue fluorochrome and digestion with β-1,3-glucanase, as a main structural component. In the mesophyll, reduced fungal development provided evidence for the existence of an additional induced defence reaction. The results imply that preinfection elicited a systemic, multicomponent defence reaction of the host plant against the fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194268
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma membrane alterations as a result of heat activation in Dictyostelium spores (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; Plasma membrane ; Membrane particles ; Spore germination ; Heat activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At the end of heat activation the distribution of spore plasma membrane particles between the two fracture faces (PF and EF) is drastically changed. While in dormant spores the particle number ratio of PF/EF was about 1:1, it increased up to 9:1 in heat activated spores, indicating a subtle change in plasma membrane properties. The permeability of spores increased within 30 min following heat activation as determined by efflux measurements of radioactively labelled spores. At the onset of swelling this efflux was accelerated. During germination the osmotically active material within the spores increased, part of which could be recovered from the supernatant. The combined experiments point to the plasma membrane as possible target site of heat activation in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417846
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyphal tip growth inPhytophthora (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phytophthora palmivora ; UDPG-transferase ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Acid phosphatase ; β-1,3-glucanase ; Wall formation ; Hyphal tip ; Osmotic pressure ; Enzymatic wall degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germinating cysts and isolated walls from germinating cysts incorporated14C-UDPG into wall material of which 22.5 and 15% respectively were insoluble in boiling 1 N HCl, indicating that part of the synthetase activity is located in the wall itself. A combination of Urografin and Ficol density gradients was used to separate various intracellular fractions. A consistent separation of β-glucanase and UDPG-transferase enriched fractions was achieved. The β-glucanase fraction contained dictyosome vesicles and fragments along with some plasma membranes. The UDPG-transferase fraction was relatively rich in membranes resembling rough and smooth ER. The results suggest the two enzymes are transported to the wall by different intracellular routes, and two types of vesicle may be involved. Alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase were found extracellularly and their distribution in density gradients determined. The results of histochemical staining for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polysaccharide are described and compared with the biochemical data. β-1,3-glucanase, found intra- and extracellularly, induced distorted growth of germ tubes and also removed most of the apical wall when added to the incubation medium. None of these responses were observed with cellulase. Determinations of the osmotic pressure of germinating cysts and incubation medium revealed that the turgor of germinating cysts amounts to about 1.8 at under the conditions used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690230
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of crystalline micelles in cellulose elementary fibrils of Dictyostelium discoideum (1969)
    Springer
    Planta 88 (1969), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In negatively stained preparations the cellulose of Dictyostelium discoideum appears in the form of 35 Å wide fibrils of undetermined length. Upon mild acid hydrolysis a periodic pattern may be observed along the fibrils, in the form of fine, electron-dense bands across the full diameter of the fibril spaced apart from each other by electron-transparent segments approximately 100 Å long. We propose that the electron-transparent segments represent the crystalline micelles of the elementary cellulose fibril, whereas the electron-opaque bands represent the amorphous regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structural comparison of cyst and germ tube wall inPhytophthora palmivora (1973)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 77 (1973), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic analysis of germinating cysts ofPhytophthora palmivora involving freeze-etching, thin sectioning, and replica techniques reveals that both cyst and hyphal wall comprise a two-phase system with a fibrillar and an amorphous component. The cyst wall is fibrillar throughout with the fibrils tightly interwoven and embedded in an amorphous matrix on the internal side of the wall. The hyphal wall consists of a fibrillar inner layer with the fibrils lightly covered by some amorphous material and an amorphous outer layer devoid of any fibrillar material. Both cyst and germ tube walls are wholly or partially covered by a fluffy coat of variable thickness. In the zone of germ tube emergence cyst wall and germ tube wall overlap and are tightly apposed. Thus, the germ tube wall is not a simple extension of the cyst wall but a new structural entity separated from the cyst wall by a thin line of demarcation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287299
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for the presence of two separate glycogen pools inDictyostelium discoideum (1975)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 85 (1975), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using Bruijn's method it has been possible to visualize glycogen particles inDictyostelium discoideum. They occur in all stages of development. During growth and differentiation two glycogen pools were observed, the glycogen being present either in the cytoplasmic matrix or sequestered in membrane-lined vacuoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567946
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phytoalexins on hyphal growth and β-glucanases of Phytophthora infestans (1981)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 73 (1981), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phytophthora infestans excretes an endo-β-1,3-, an endo-β-1,4-, and aβ-1,3-glucanase (laminarinase), aβ-1,6-glucosidase and possibly small amounts of aβ-1,4-glucosidase. Ether extracts from the infected resistant cultivar Eba but not from the susceptible Bintje inhibited growth of the parasite. Solavetivone and rishitin, two phytoalexins, and the steroid glycoalkaloid tomatine inhibited growth of the fungus and also activities of some of the fungal glucanases, whereas phytuberin, another phytoalexin, and the two phenolic compounds scopoletin and chlorogenic acid inhibited neither fungal growth nor fungal glucanases. The phytoalexin lubimin strongly reduced fungal growth but did not reduce the activities of any of the fungal glucanases tested. A potential role for host derived fungal glucanase inhibitors as factors of resistance in thePhytophthora-potato system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00575086
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