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  • 1
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    Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-14
    Description: Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, Sabine -- Renninger, Markus -- Hennenlotter, Jorg -- Wiesner, Tina -- Just, Lothar -- Bonin, Michael -- Aicher, Wilhelm -- Buhring, Hans-Jorg -- Mattheus, Ulrich -- Mack, Andreas -- Wagner, Hans-Joachim -- Minger, Stephen -- Matzkies, Matthias -- Reppel, Michael -- Hescheler, Jurgen -- Sievert, Karl-Dietrich -- Stenzl, Arnulf -- Skutella, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):344-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07404. Epub 2008 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology, Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Spermatogonia/cytology/ultrastructure ; Teratoma/pathology ; Testis/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4 + prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell–cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4 – cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4 + cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4 + fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4 + primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4 + cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4 + cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell–cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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