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  • 1
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    A mechanosensitive channel in whole cells and in membrane patches of the fungus Uromyces (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: Bean leaf stomata provide a topographical signal that induces germlings of the phytopathogen Uromyces appendiculatus to develop specialized infection structures. Protoplasts from germ tubes of this fungus, when examined with patch-clamp electrodes, displayed the activities of a 600-picosiemen mechanosensitive ion channel. This channel passes a variety of cations, including Ca2+, and is blocked by Gd3+ at 50 micromolar. This channel could transduce the membrane stress induced by the leaf topography into an influx of ions, including Ca2+, that may trigger differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, X L -- Stumpf, M A -- Hoch, H C -- Kung, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Barium/pharmacology ; Basidiomycota/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure ; Gadolinium/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Pressure ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Response (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoch, H C -- Kung, C -- Zhou, X L -- Stumpf, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 29;256(5061):1336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17736765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Signaling for growth orientation and cell differentiation by surface topography in uromyces (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-27
    Description: The dimensions of the topographical signals for growth orientation and infection structure formation, a cell differentiation event that includes nuclear division, were determined for the stomatal penetrating rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. The differentiation signal was found to be a simple ridge on the substrate surface that had a markedly optimum height of 0.5 micrometer. Such ridges were microfabricated on silicon wafers by using electron-beam lithography. A similar ridge, in the form of a stomatal lip, was found associated with the stomatal guard cells of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf. Ridge elevations greater than 1.0 micrometer or less than 0.25 micrometer did not serve as effective signals. Germ tubes of the fungus were highly oriented by ridge spacings of 0.5 to 6.7 micrometers. The data indicate that the fungus is able to distinguish uniquely minute differences in leaf surface topography in order to infect the host plant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoch, H C -- Staples, R C -- Whitehead, B -- Comeau, J -- Wolf, E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Thallphytic alleopathy: isolation and identification of laetisaric Acid (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: Laetisaria arvalis, a soil-dwelling basidiomycete fungus, secretes an allelopathic agent that induces rapid hyphal lysis in several phytopathogenic fungi. The active compound was isolated from chloroform:methanol extracts of L. arvalis mycelia and characterized as a previously unknown hydroxy fatty acid, (Z,Z-9,12-8-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowers, W S -- Hoch, H C -- Evans, P H -- Katayama, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):105-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17774004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and Chemical Changes Among the Rust Fungi During Appressorium Development (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 25 (1987), S. 231-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.25.090187.001311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of chemicals into the Malus leaf cuticle (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1979), S. 186-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Foliar adsorption ; Leaf cuticle ; Malus ; Transcuticular uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The adaxial leaf cuticle of Malus pumila was examined by electron microscopy to determine possible avenues for transcuticular movement of foliarly applied chemicals. Cutin-embedded polysaccharide microfibrils originated at the outer epidermal cell wall and occasionally extended to the cuticle surface. Lamellae, ca. 4 nm wide, usually were oriented parallel to the cuticle surface. When oriented perpendicular to the surface, they extended nearly to the subjacent wall layer from the surface. Aqueous solutions of uranyl acetate, silver nitrate and phenyl mercuric acetate applied to the cuticle surface of leaf segments floated on solutions of phosphate salts or thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) reacted within the cuticle to form insoluble electron-opaque deposits indicative of their avenues of transcuticular movement. Uranyl phosphate deposits were observed only in the polysaccharide microfibrils of chloroform: methanolextracted leaves. Silver-TCH deposits were observed in the microfibrils of both extracted and nonextracted leaf cuticles. Phenyl mercuric acetate-TCH deposits were randomly dispersed throughout the extracted cuticle and not associated with the polysaccharide microfibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388736
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbodies and glyoxylate-cycle enzyme activities in filamentous fungi (1975)
    Springer
    Planta 124 (1975), S. 109-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Microbodies were observed in the hyphal tips of all 14 fungi investigated. Their morphology varied among the fungi and their numbers were influenced by the growth medium. Microbodies were closely associated with mitochondria in one fungus and with the endoplasmic reticulum in several fungi. Catalase was not detected in microbodies with the diaminobenzidine cytochemical procedure even though catalase activity was present in extracts of these fungi. The activities of the glyoxylate-cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase were affected by the growth medium and were particulate in the two fungi studied by differential centrifugation. Microbodies are abundant, and they are ubiquitous among the fungi and in some cases they may contain glyoxylate-cycle enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384753
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and localization of calcium-dependent protease II inNeurospora crassa andUromyces appendiculatus (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 210 (1999), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Calcium-dependent protease ; Western blot ; Immunofluorescence localization ; Fungal hyphae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The existence of Ca2+-dependent protease II in crude extracts ofNeurospora crassa andUromyces appendiculatus was demonstrated by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. In both extracts two immunoreacting bands were observed. The molecular mass of the major band inN. crassa corresponded to 37 kDa, while that inU. appendiculatus was 43 kDa, similar to that previously reported forAllomyces arbuscula. Immunofluorescence of the enzyme was predominantly localized in the apical regions of germlings and growing hyphae, suggesting a functional role for the enzyme in hyphal growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314958
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of F-actin inUromyces cell differentiation: The effects of cytochalasin E and phalloidin (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 135 (1986), S. 88-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Uromyces ; Differentiation ; Cytoskeleton ; Actin ; Cytochalasin E ; Phalloidin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The role of F-actin in cell differentiation ofUromyces appendiculatus (bean rust fungus) germlings was examined by treating differentiating and nondifferentiating germlings with the actin-binding drugs cytochalasin E (CE) and phalloidin. Prolonged exposure of urediospores to 5×10−3–5 × 10−5 M CE induced nuclear division in up to 28–45% of the resulting germlings, whereas the rate of mitosis in established germlings exposed to these concentrations of CE was significantly lower (4–11%). Germlings treated with CE shifted from polarized apical growth to spherical expansion, cytoplasmic microfilaments were depolymerized, and nuclear inclusions became enlarged. Differentiating germlings exposed to a 10 minute pulse of 5×10−6M CE before the initiation of septum formation prevented the establishment of the F-actin septal ring and growth of the crosswall delimiting the appressorium. Although these CE treatments resulted in morphological and nuclear events similar to those occurring during normal appressorium formation, transient microfilament depolymerization was not sufficient to induce differentiation. Phalloidin stabilized cytoplasmic microfilaments, especially posteriorly-located microfilaments, but did not affect differentiation, nor did it significantly inhibit the effects of CE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01277002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal organization inUromyces urediospore germling apices during appressorium formation (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 165 (1991), S. 37-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bean rust fungus ; F-actin ; Laser scanning confocal microscopy ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Formation of appressoria inUromyces appendiculatus is triggered by external physical features of host stomata as well as artifical surfaces bearing inductive topographies. Microtubule and F-actin microfilament cytoskeletons were examined for their involvement in the process of appressorium formation in this fungus, using laser scanning confocal and electron microscopy. In germlings not stimulated to form appressoria the microtubule and microfilament cytoskeletons were organized as filaments mostly oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. Following contact of the germling apex with an inductive topographical signal, e.g., 0.5 μm high ridge, the microtubules and F-actin filaments in the cell apex nearest the substrate appeared randomly oriented. Microtubules farther from the substrate remained oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. In later stages of appressorium development, many cytoskeletal elements became oriented parallel to the inductive ridge, especially near the substrate. In regions farther from the substrate in these same cells, the microtubules and microfilaments were arranged in a reticulate pattern. Changes in the distribution and organization of the microtubule and F-actin microfilament cytoskeletons reflect a change in cell function following signal reception for appressorium. The reorientation of the cytoskeleton likely dictates the change in cell morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322275
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