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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: Notch signaling modulates skeletal formation and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) through induction of catabolic factors. Here we examined roles of Hes1, a transcription factor and important target of Notch signaling, in these processes. SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9)-Cre mice were mated with Hes1fl/fl mice to generate tissue-specific deletion of Hes1...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-11-06
    Description: Mammalian organs, including the lung and kidney, often adopt a branched structure to achieve high efficiency and capacity of their physiological functions. Formation of a functional lung requires two developmental processes: branching morphogenesis, which builds a tree-like tubular network, and alveolar differentiation, which generates specialized epithelial cells for gas exchange....
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This paper presents the description of a new lobate ctenophore, Bathocyroe longigula (order Lobata, family Bathocyroidae) based on two intact specimens. One was collected in April 2001 at the surface in \ncoastal waters of Ise Bay near Toba on the Pacific coast of central Japan, and the other in March 2010 at \nthe surface in Tabira port near Hirado in Kyushu, the main southern island of Japan. The new species \ncan be distinguished from its congeners, Bathocyroe fosteri Madin & Harbison, 1978 and B. paragaster \n(Ralph & Kaberry, 1950), by its long stomodaeum with a narrow dark-orange band, which extends to \nabout mid-length of the oral lobes, and the numerous tiny, dark-orange spots of irregular shape found \nalong its meridional canals. The differences between the three species attributed to the genus Bathocyroe \nare shown in Table 1.
    Keywords: Ctenophora ; Lobata ; Bathocyroidae ; new species ; description ; taxonomy ; Japan
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-04-16
    Description: Cavity-length dependence of the property of optically pumped GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors was investigated. The cavity lengths were well controlled by employing etching with inductively coupled plasma and chemical mechanical polishing. It was found that the lasing characteristics including threshold, slope efficiency and spontaneous emission coupling factor were substantially improved with reducing the cavity length. In comparison with the device pumped by a 400 nm pulsed laser, the lasing spectrum was featured by a red shift and simultaneous broadening with increasing the pumping energy of a 355 nm pulsed laser. Moreover, the lasing threshold was much higher when pumped by a 355 nm pulsed laser. These were explained by taking into account of the significant heating effect under 355 nm pumping. Our results demonstrate that a short cavity length and good heat-dissipation are essential to GaN-based VCSELs. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09600
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Description: The SOS response is a DNA damage response pathway that serves as a general safeguard of genome integrity in bacteria. Extensive studies of the SOS response in Escherichia coli have contributed to establishing the key concepts of cellular responses to DNA damage. However, how the SOS response impacts on the dynamics of DNA replication fork movement remains unknown. We found that inducing the SOS response decreases the mean speed of individual replication forks by 30–50% in E. coli cells, leading to a 20–30% reduction in overall DNA synthesis. dinB and recA belong to a group of genes that are upregulated during the SOS response, and encode the highly conserved proteins DinB (also known as DNA polymerase IV) and RecA, which, respectively, specializes in translesion DNA synthesis and functions as the central recombination protein. Both genes were independently responsible for the SOS-dependent slowdown of replication fork progression. Furthermore, fork speed was reduced when each gene was ectopically expressed in SOS-uninduced cells to the levels at which they are expressed in SOS-induced cells. These results clearly indicate that the increased expression of dinB and recA performs a novel role in restraining the progression of an unperturbed replication fork during the SOS response.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: We experimentally evaluated the impulsive motion of free-surface of water on impingement of shock-waves of moderate strength. This physical process creates the initial acceleration in shock-wave based micro-fluidic devices, which have promising medical and drug/DNA delivery applications. The velocities of the water interfaces were measured through real-time high-temporal/spatial resolution visualizations. Based on modified Tait equation-of-state and the concept of Reimann-invariants, an analytical expression was deduced to calculate the particle velocity behind the unloading wave. The experiments and analyses confirm that the mass motion behind the shock-wave accelerates to very high velocities, a requirement for effective momentum delivery in micro-jet devices.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-12-03
    Description: By combining a tilted-pulse-intensity-front scheme using a LiNbO 3 crystal and a chirped-pulse-beating method, we generated a narrowband intense terahertz (THz) pulse, which had a maximum electric field of more than 10 kV/cm at around 2 THz, a bandwidth of ∼50 GHz, and frequency tunability from 0.5 to 2 THz. By performing THz-pump and near-infrared-probe experiments on GaAs quantum wells, we observed that the resonant excitation of the intraexcitonic 1s-2p transition induces a clear and large Autler-Townes splitting. Our time-resolved measurements show that the splitting energy observed in the rising edge region of electric field is larger than in the constant region. This result implies that the splitting energy depends on the time-averaged THz field over the excitonic dephasing time rather than that at the instant of the exciton creation by a probe pulse.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-09-26
    Description: The properties of water surface discharge plasma for variety of pulse repetition rates are investigated. A magnetic pulse compression (MPC) pulsed power modulator able to deliver pulse repetition rates up to 1000 Hz, with 0.5 J per pulse energy output at 25 kV, was used as the pulsed power source. Positive pulse with a point-to-plane electrode configuration was used for the experiments. The concentration and production yield of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) were quantitatively measured and orange II organic dye was treated, to evaluate the chemical properties of the discharge reactor. Experimental results show that the physical and chemical properties of water surface discharge are not influenced by pulse repetition rate, very different from those observed for under water discharge. The production yield of H 2 O 2 and degradation rate per pulse of the dye did not significantly vary at different pulse repetition rates under a constant discharge mode on water surface. In addition, the solution temperature, pH, and conductivity for both water surface and underwater discharge reactors were measured to compare their plasma properties for different pulse repetition rates. The results confirm that surface discharge can be employed at high pulse repetition rates as a reliable and advantageous method for industrial and environmental decontamination applications.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: It has been thought that the lunar highland crust was formed by the crystallization and floatation of plagioclase from a global magma ocean, although the actual generation mechanisms are still debated. The composition of the lunar highland crust is therefore important for understanding the formation of such a magma ocean and the subsequent evolution of the Moon. The Multiband Imager on the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) has a high spatial resolution of optimized spectral coverage, which should allow a clear view of the composition of the lunar crust. Here we report the global distribution of rocks of high plagioclase abundance (approaching 100 vol.%), using an unambiguous plagioclase absorption band recorded by the SELENE Multiband Imager. If the upper crust indeed consists of nearly 100 vol.% plagioclase, this is significantly higher than previous estimates of 82-92 vol.% (refs 2, 6, 7), providing a valuable constraint on models of lunar magma ocean evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohtake, Makiko -- Matsunaga, Tsuneo -- Haruyama, Junichi -- Yokota, Yasuhiro -- Morota, Tomokatsu -- Honda, Chikatoshi -- Ogawa, Yoshiko -- Torii, Masaya -- Miyamoto, Hideaki -- Arai, Tomoko -- Hirata, Naru -- Iwasaki, Akira -- Nakamura, Ryosuke -- Hiroi, Takahiro -- Sugihara, Takamitsu -- Takeda, Hiroshi -- Otake, Hisashi -- Pieters, Carle M -- Saiki, Kazuto -- Kitazato, Kohei -- Abe, Masanao -- Asada, Noriaki -- Demura, Hirohide -- Yamaguchi, Yasushi -- Sasaki, Sho -- Kodama, Shinsuke -- Terazono, Junya -- Shirao, Motomaro -- Yamaji, Atsushi -- Minami, Shigeyuki -- Akiyama, Hiroaki -- Josset, Jean-Luc -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature08317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: Rendezvous of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa with the near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa took place during the interval September through November 2005. The onboard camera imaged the solid surface of this tiny asteroid (535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters) with a spatial resolution of 70 centimeters per pixel, revealing diverse surface morphologies. Unlike previously explored asteroids, the surface of Itokawa reveals both rough and smooth terrains. Craters generally show unclear morphologies. Numerous boulders on Itokawa's surface suggest a rubble-pile structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saito, J -- Miyamoto, H -- Nakamura, R -- Ishiguro, M -- Michikami, T -- Nakamura, A M -- Demura, H -- Sasaki, S -- Hirata, N -- Honda, C -- Yamamoto, A -- Yokota, Y -- Fuse, T -- Yoshida, F -- Tholen, D J -- Gaskell, R W -- Hashimoto, T -- Kubota, T -- Higuchi, Y -- Nakamura, T -- Smith, P -- Hiraoka, K -- Honda, T -- Kobayashi, S -- Furuya, M -- Matsumoto, N -- Nemoto, E -- Yukishita, A -- Kitazato, K -- Dermawan, B -- Sogame, A -- Terazono, J -- Shinohara, C -- Akiyama, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1341-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hayabusa Project Team, Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan. saitoj@planeta.sci.isas.jaxa.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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