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  • 1
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    Microbial processing of sediment-derived dissolved organic matter (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-14
    Description: In this study, we used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis to analyze molecular composition of solid phase extracted sediment-derived dissolved organic matter (SDOM). The transfomation of SDOM extracte by microbes was studied in its overlying seawater. Breifly, the SDOM extract was mixed into the seawater-filled carboys as SDOM treatments, while the no addition carboys were made as controls. During the 110-day incubation, bacterial abundance, viral abundance, total and dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the control and SDOM treatments were also measured.
    Keywords: DOC; DOM; FDOM; File content; File format; File name; File size; FT-ICR MS; sediment; TOC; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 45 data points
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  • 2
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    Dissolved organic matter dynamics in the epipelagic Northwest Pacific low-latitude western boundary current system: insights from optical analyses (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(9), (2021): e2021JC017458, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017458.
    Description: High-resolution horizontal and vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chromophoric, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) were investigated in the western boundary current system of the tropical Northwest Pacific (〈200 m) in autumn 2017. A strong correlation between DOC and stratification index indicated that the vertical DOC profile was primarily regulated by physical processes. The association of high aCDOM(254) with the maximum chlorophyll (Chl a) layer infers phytoplankton-sourced dissolved organic matter (DOM). The aCDOM(325) and humic-like FDOM (FDOMH) showed an accumulation in the deeper layer and positive correlations with apparent oxygen utilization and Chl a concentration at the maximum chlorophyll layer, suggesting that these components are related to microbial degradation of biogenic materials. Elevated Chl a at the frontal area between the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and cold Mindanao Eddy enhanced DOM production. Input waters from the NEC showed higher DOC, but lower FDOMH, than inflow waters from the New Guinea Coastal Current/Undercurrent (NGC(U)C). A mass balance model estimated a 6-times higher lateral DOC flux from the NEC tropical-gyre branch (12°N–7.5°N) than that from the subtropical-gyre branch (12°N–17°N). Based on comparison with long-term (1994–2015) average DOC fluxes for the same season, eddy and upstream processes contributed 38%, 46% and 40% of lateral DOC fluxes for the NEC tropical-gyre branch, NGC(U)C and export North Equatorial Counter Current, respectively. These results demonstrated that the quasi-permanent Mindanao and Halmahera eddies greatly enhance lateral export of DOM with altered properties throughout this large conjunction area.
    Description: This work was jointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41876083, U1805241), Senior User Project of R/V KEXUE (KEXUE2017G11, KEXUE2018G03), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of China (20720190105).
    Description: 2022-02-17
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Hydrological and biogeochemical controls on absorption and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the northern South China Sea (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 122 (2017): 3405–3418, doi:10.1002/2017JG004100.
    Description: The Kuroshio intrusion from the West Philippine Sea (WPS) and mesoscale eddies are important hydrological features in the northern South China Sea (SCS). In this study, absorption and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) were determined to assess the impact of these hydrological features on DOM dynamics in the SCS. DOM in the upper 100 m of the northern SCS had higher absorption, fluorescence, and degree of humification than in the Kuroshio Current of the WPS. The results of an isopycnal mixing model showed that CDOM and humic-like FDOM inventories in the upper 100 m of the SCS were modulated by the Kuroshio intrusion. However, protein-like FDOM was influenced by in situ processes. This basic trend was modified by mesoscale eddies, three of which were encountered during the fieldwork (one warm eddy and two cold eddies). DOM optical properties inside the warm eddy resembled those of DOM in the WPS, indicating that warm eddies could derive from the Kuroshio Current through Luzon Strait. DOM at the center of cold eddies was enriched in humic-like fluorescence and had lower spectral slopes than in eddy-free waters, suggesting inputs of humic-rich DOM from upwelling and enhanced productivity inside the eddy. Excess CDOM and FDOM in northern SCS intermediate water led to export to the Pacific Ocean interior, potentially delivering refractory carbon to the deep ocean. This study demonstrated that DOM optical properties are promising tools to study active marginal sea-open ocean interactions.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers: U1305231, 41276064
    Description: 2018-06-29
    Keywords: Dissolved organic matter ; Absorption and fluorescence ; South China Sea ; Kuroshio intrusion ; Mesoscale eddy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Why are some marginal seas sources of atmospheric CO2? (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: [1]  The contemporary coastal ocean, characterized by abundant nutrients and high primary productivity, is generally seen as a significant CO 2 sink at the global scale. However, mechanistic understanding of the coastal ocean carbon cycle remains limited, leading to the unanswered question of why some coastal systems are sources while others are sinks of atmospheric CO 2 . Here we proposed a distinct physical-biogeochemical setting, Ocean-dominated Margin (OceMar), in order for better shaping the concept of the coastal ocean carbon study. OceMars, in contrast to previously recognized River-dominated Ocean Margins (RiOMar), are characterized by dynamic interactions with the open ocean, which may provide non-local CO 2 sources thereby modulating the CO 2 fluxes in OceMars. Using the basin areas of the largest marginal seas of the Pacific and the Atlantic, the South China Sea and the Caribbean Sea as examples of OceMars, we demonstrated that such external CO 2 sources controlled the CO 2 fluxes.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 1952: Trusted Transactions in Micro-Grid Based on Blockchain (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In order to build a local electricity market (LEM), community members can trade electricity peer-to-peer (P2P) with their neighbors. This paper proposes a Hierarchical Bidding and Transaction Structure based on blockchain (HBTS). First, combined with the multi-agents, each microgrid corrects the estimated cost probability distribution of other microgrids by Bayesian theorem, making its probability closer to the accurate probability. Second, for maximize the benefits of the microgrid, this paper uses the Nash equilibrium in the Cournot model to find the optimal quotation and output of different bidding strategies for the microgrid under different power demand conditions. Then the exchange of electricity translates into an exchange of digital proof of electricity purchases and sales of electricity on the Hyperledger Fabric, ensuring the security of the transaction process and the irreparable modification of ledgers. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the bidding strategy through experiments, and analyze the transaction process.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 6
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    Distribution, fluxes and decadal changes of nutrients in the Jiulong River Estuary, Southwest Taiwan Strait (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-11
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Sensors, Vol. 19, Pages 879: A Novel Microwave Staring Correlated Radar Imaging Method Based on Bi-Static Radar System (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The stochastic characteristic of the radiation field of a mono-static microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) radar degenerates with the increase of the imaging distance, which results in degradation of the image quality. To address this issue, a novel MSCI method based on bi-static radar is proposed from two perspectives: site-deploying and waveform design. On the one hand, a new bi-static MSCI site-deploying scheme is proposed which adopts two transmitting stations with their azimuth angles relative to the center of the imaging region differing by 90 degrees. On the other hand, by using two transmitting arrays synchronously transmitting inner-and-inter pulse frequency hopping (IAIP-FH) signals, the radiation field of each station includes a few “frequency stripes” perpendicular to the radiation direction, and as a consequence, the “frequency stripes” of each radiation field are perpendicular to each other. As a result, the radiation field of the bi-static MSCI is the superposition of the two striped radiation fields, thus a latticed radiation field is constructed. Therefore, the targets in different latticed grids scatter independent fields, then, the images can be reconstructed using correlation process (CP) algorithms. The grid size of the latticed radiation field is determined by the inner-pulse frequency hopping (FH) interval of the IAIP-FH signals and the imaging geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the 3 dB beam width of the space correlation function of the radiation field does not change with the imaging distance, thus the stochastic characteristic of the radiation field is partly preserved when the imaging distance increases. Simulation results validate the analysis and show that the proposed method can obtain higher resolution images than the common mono-static MSCI method.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
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    Sensors, Vol. 19, Pages 1079: Strip-Mode Microwave Staring Correlated Imaging with Self-Calibration of Gain–Phase Errors (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) can realize super resolution imaging without the limit of relative motion with the target. However, gain–phase errors generally exist in the multi-transmitter array, which results in imaging model mismatch and degrades the imaging performance considerably. In order to solve the problem of MSCI with gain–phase error in a large scene, a method of MSCI with strip-mode self-calibration of gain–phase errors is proposed. The method divides the whole imaging scene into multiple imaging strips, then the strip target scattering coefficient and the gain–phase errors are combined into a multi-parameter optimization problem that can be solved by alternate iteration, and the error estimation results of the previous strip can be carried into the next strip as the initial value. All strips are processed in multiple rounds, and the gain–phase error estimation results of the last strip can be taken as the initial value and substituted into the first strip for the correlated processing of the next round. Finally, the whole imaging in a large scene can be achieved by multi-strip image splicing. Numerical simulations validate its potential advantages to shorten the imaging time dramatically and improve the imaging and gain–phase error estimation performance.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
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    An Integrated Evaluation of Land Surface Energy Fluxes Over China in Seven Reanalysis/Modeling Products (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-04
    Description: An integrated evaluation of monthly mean land surface energy fluxes over China in seven reanalysis land model products during the period 1979–2015 is conducted. Observations from seven field sites are used to evaluate these flux products, including four reanalysis datasets and three produced by off-line land surface models. In general, the expected seasonal variations and spatial patterns in major climatic regimes are well reproduced by all reanalysis and modeling products. However, large differences among the four reanalysis products are found, while the three off-line land surface modeling products correlate well with each other. Looking at the Bowen ratio, it is found that the off-line land surface models convert a larger fraction of surface available energy into sensible heat flux compared to the reanalysis products in all climatic regimes. There are three centers of high inter-annual variability in sensible heat located in West China, Northeast China, and the eastern Inner Mongolia, respectively. In addition, the sensible heat flux agrees better with observations at grassland sites than at forest sites while the latent heat flux (LE) and net radiation (Rn) are significantly overestimated at forest sites in all the flux products. Besides, mean square errors of the fluxes are decomposed into biases, correlations and differences in standard deviation. Finally, based on a ranking system adopted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of each dataset, it is found that the surface energy fluxes in ERA-Interim and JRA-25 agree well with observations and the ensemble mean of all these products remains reasonably realistic as well.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    TGF-β1 and FGF2 Stimulate the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of HERS Cells Through a MEK-Dependent Mechanism (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells participate in cementum formation through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are involved in inducing EMT. However, their involvement in HERS cell transition remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that HERS cells underwent EMT during the formation of acellular cementum. We found that both TGF-β1 and FGF2 stimulated the EMT of HERS cells. The TGF-β1 regulated the differentiation of HERS cells into periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells, and FGF2 directed the differentiation of HERS cells into cementoblast-like cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 or FGF2 inhibitor could effectively suppress HERS cells differential transition. Combined stimulation with both TGF-β1 and FGF-2 did not synergistically accelerate the EMT of HERS. Moreover, TGF-β1/FGF2-mediated EMT of HERS cells was reversed by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. These results suggest that TGF-β1 and FGF2 induce the EMT of HERS through a MAPK/ERK-dependent signaling pathway. They also exert their different tendency of cellular differentiation during tooth root formation. This study further expands our knowledge of tooth root morphogenesis and provides more evidence for the use of alternative cell sources in clinical treatment of periodontal diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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