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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences (Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen), was founded in 1778 to become the predecessor of the National Library and National Museum of the Republik Indonesia. It was considered to be the most important cultural and scholarly organization of the Netherlands East Indies in the time of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the colonial period. This studie pays attention to the foundation, programme and area of interest of the Society, also to its members, organization, growth, decline and resurrection, but most of all to the relation with the government of a formally private enterprise, that sometimes seemed to become part of the governmental structure. The archives of the Society are kept in the National Archives of the Republik Indonesia. Since 1878, they have only scarcely been available to scholars from outside of the Society. They have, however, proven to be of great importance to historians, linguists, and anthropologists.
    Description: Het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, opgericht in 1778, is de voorloper van het Nationaal Museum en de Nationale Bibliotheek van de Republik Indonesia en geldt als de belangrijkste cultureel-wetenschappelijke organisatie van Nederlands-Indië in de VOC-tijd en de koloniale periode. In deze studie naar de vroege geschiedenis van deze eerbiedwaardige instelling komen aan de orde: de oprichting, het programma en het werkterrein van het genootschap, het ledenbestand en de leiding, groei, verval en wederopstanding, maar vooral de relatie tot de overheid van deze formeel private onderneming, die soms eerder een overheidsinstelling leek te worden. Het archief van het Genootschap, dat bewaard wordt in het Nationaal Archief van de Republik Indonesia, is hiertoe de belangrijkste bron geweest. Het is sinds 1878 nauwelijks beschikbaar geweest voor onderzoekers buiten de kring van het genootschap. Voor historici, linguïsten, antropologen, archeologen en anderen is het genootschapsarchief en de geschiedenis van het genootschap van groot belang. Hans Groot (1949) studeerde Nederlandse taal en letterkunde en Italiaans in Amsterdam en was werkzaam in het hoger onderwijs (1976-1986), eerst in Amsterdam, daarna in Triëst (Italië). Sinds 1986 is hij werkzaam bij het Erasmus Taalcentrum in Jakarta. Na een bezoek aan het Nationaal Museum aldaar stelde hij zich vragen over de voorgeschiedenis van dat museum. Dat was de start van het onderzoek dat resulteerde in deze studie.
    Keywords: musea ; indonesie ; batavisch genootschap ; koloniale geschiedenis ; wetenschappelijk instituut ; colonial history ; indonesia ; bataviaasch genootschap ; scientific institutions ; museums ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: Dutch
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Public choice 52 (1987), S. 257-272 
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: 5. Conclusion We have indicated how budgetgames played by a representative sample of voters can be used to estimate the marginal social demand for mixed public goods. A model has been developed that enables us to distinguish between private and social demand considerations of the players. Information on marginal social demand is obtained by comparing the actual outcome of the game with a simulated game solution based on the optimization of private benefits only. This optimization problem is shown to be approximately equivalent to a linear programming problem in which each respondent minimizes the loss of subsidies on his consumption of the mixed public goods considered. Empirical results show the largest marginal social demand for public services for the elderly, followed by mental health care, primary and secondary education and higher education. A negative marginal social demand is expressed for in-patient health care, police and justice, outpatient health care and culture and recreation, the latter service having the smallest social demand. An unexpected result is the relatively large marginal social demand for higher education. Although this service is severly cut in the actual game, this outcome mainly derives from small private benefits to the average voter. Therefore, the usual interpretation of budgetgames — that identifies heavy budget cuts with small social demand — underestimates the social demand for higher education. The reverse is true for general in-patient health care. Although this service is moderately cut in the actual game, this result mainly derives from the large private benefits to the average voter. In this case the usual interpretation of the game overestimates social demand. We have also studied the dependence of the marginal social demand pattern on the political orientation of the voters. Apart from typical pure or almost pure public goods such as defence, general government and police and justice services — clearly favoured by right-wing voters — we find no strong dependence on political orientation. We think the presented approach is a step towards the measurement of social demand for mixed public goods using stated voter preferences in a well-defined budgetgame framework. Such a direct approach seems to be a useful complement to the indirect revealed preferences approach, which faces large theoretical and empirical problems due to the required complex models of collective decisionmaking. We also have shown the importance of the explicit incorporation of private benefit considerations in the interpretation of budgetgames. The latter are indispensable when correct conclusions on the social demand for mixed public goods are to be drawn from such games. Future research should include the study of possible biases introduced by different designs of budgetgames, as well as more refined procedures for the estimation of private and social demand for public goods from budgetgame solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Public choice 60 (1989), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusion We have investigated the stability of the individual response in recent budget games based on survey data, which is an important requirement for the reliability of this instrument. Budget games have gained popularity due to the problems encountered with alternative methods to determine preferences for public goods, such as the analysis of actual public expenditure date using median-voter theory or similar approaches. The short-term test-retest correlations (within an interval of one month) turn out to be rather low, typical around 0.3. No explanation of the test-retest differences could be found from the usual socio-economic and political characteristics of the respondents or from information characteristics of the survey design. Also, the pattern of budget-game outcomes for different countries and different periods is rather similar. The cumulative evidence suggests that the survey response to budget games is generated to a large extent by very general notions on the (un)desirability of public goods: ‘defence is bad, education and health care are good’. This implies that outcomes are often not related to the actual level and structure of public expenditure or revenues. As a result, the individual responses, even to the more sophisticated budget games, are subject to large uncertainty margins. Our results should warn researchers and, even more important, policy makers against giving too much weight to stated preferences for public expenditure or taxation levels obtained from budget games. Of course, further research is needed to obtain the precise limits of the instrument, including laboratory experimental economics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-6090
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2731
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0048-9697
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1026
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-12-11
    Print ISSN: 1420-0597
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1499
    Topics: Geosciences , Computer Science
    Published by Springer
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