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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ices in space (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 4243-4260 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100244a052
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical detection of local interstellar particles during an out-of-ecliptic mission (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 39-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To estimate the interstellar dust density, we make the usual assumption that the number density of the interstellar particles (nIS) is related to the local hydrogen number density in the ratio of 10-12 (see ref. 5). The local hydrogen density within a few parsecs of the Sun has been observed to be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275039a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosmic Dust in the 21st Century (1999)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 269-270 (1999), S. 33-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The past century of interstellar dust has brought us from first ignoring it to finding that it plays an important role in the evolution of galaxies. Current observational results in our galaxy provide a complex physical and chemical evolutionary picture of interstellar dust starting with the formation of small refractory particles in stellar atmospheres to their modification in diffuse and molecular clouds and ultimately to their contribution to star forming regions. Observations of the properties of dust in very young galaxies will be an important probe of the rates of star formation in terms of the production and destruction of dust grains. Future observations of dust at high spectral and spatial resolution will provide detailed information on processes in collapsing clouds up to star formation. Space missions to comets in the next century will first study them in situ but ultimately will bring back pristine nucleus material which will contain the end product of the collapsing protosolar molecular cloud at the time of planet formation. If one of the current theories of the origin of life from comets is correct laboratory studies of comet dust grains immersed in water may give direct indications of prebiotic chemical evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017003503904
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical formation, chemical processing, and explosion of interstellar grains (1976)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 39 (1976), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ultraviolet radiation in interstellar space is shown to create a sufficient steady state density of free radicals in the grain mantle material consisting of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen to satisfy the critical condition for initiation of chain reactions. The criterion for minimum critical particle size for maintaining the chain reaction is of the order of the larger grain sizes in a distribution satisfying the average extinction and polarization measures. The triggering of the explosion of interstellar grains leading to the ejection of complex interstellar molecules is shown to be most probable where the grains are largest and where radiation is suddenly introduced; i.e. in regions of new star formation. Similar conditions prevail at the boundaries between very dark clouds and Hii regions. When the energy released by the chemical activity of the free radicals is inadequate to explode the grain, the resulting mantle material must consist of extremely large organic molecules which are much more resistant to the hostile environment of Hii regions than the classical dirty ice mantles made up of water, methane, and ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse band extinction and polarization in core-mantle grains (1976)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 39 (1976), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diffuse band shapes in both extinction and polarization are calculated for interstellar coremantle particles for varying size distributions of mantle thickness. It is shown that no matter whether the source of the bands is in the silicate cores or the accreted icy mantles the polarization shapes are highly asymmetric for all mantel thicknesses. The extinction band shapes are significantly less asymmetric although the effect is clearly present. The only apparent possibility for producing symmetric band shapes in the dust grains is in the very small bare particles in interstellar space which, if they are aligned and produce the λ 2200 band, must exhibit a strong polarization effect in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640507
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Comets to Meteors (1998)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 82-83 (1998), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: comets ; dust ; meteors ; meteoroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A summary of comet nucleus and dust properties is used to suggest a basis for predicting the properties of meteor shower particles originating as comet debris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017086832593
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical evolution in space (1984)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 14 (1984), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The bulk of complex molecules in the space between the stars is probably contained in small frozen interstellar dust grains. A typical grain is about as old as the earth and has, as a result of photochemical processing, converted a large fraction of its oxygen, carbon and nitrogen bearing mantle into large organic molecules whose maximum molecular weights are limited only by the grain size of about 0.1 μm. Laboratory and theoretical methods provide the basis for explaining the evolution of interstellar grains from the time they are formed as seedlings in the atmospheres of cool evolved stars to the time they are destroyed by being incorporated into the material of new stars. The organic dust constitutes about one tenth of a percent of the total mass of the Milky Way and far outweighs any estimates of the total mass of all the planets. A planet like the earth is continually and directly accreting interstellar dust from space. Primitive carbonaceous meteorites show evidence of containing interstellar dust. Since comets are possibly almost pure aggregated interstellar dust they also provide a source of interstellar organic material on the earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933636
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Distributed CO in Comet Halley (1999)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 90 (1999), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: ISM: dust ; Comets: general ; Comets: Halley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Examination of the spatial distribution of CO intensity of Comet Halley indicates that a large fraction of CO originates from the refractory organic component in the coma, rather than directly from the volatiles in the nucleus. Based on the fluffy aggregate interstellar dust comet model, we have estimated the upper limits of the total amount of CO provided by coma dust. The implications from the comparison of the predicted results with the observed value have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005277410127
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological Structure and Chemical Composition of Cometary Nuclei and Dust (1999)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 90 (1999), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: ISM: dust ; ISM: molecules ; ISM: abundances ; Comets: general ; Comets: individual: Halley, Borrelly, Hale-Bopp ; Stars: individual: β Pictoris ; Stars: circumstellar matter ; Stars: planetary systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The chemical composition of comet nuclei derived from current data on interstellar dust ingredients and comet dust and coma molecules are shown to be substantially consistent with each other in both refractory and volatile components. When limited by relative cosmic abundances the water in comet nuclei is constrained to be close to 30% by mass and the refractory to volatile ratio is close to 1:1. The morphological structure of comet nuclei, as deduced from comet dust infrared continuum and spectral emission properties, is described by a fluffy (porous) aggregate of tenth micron silicate core-organic refractory mantle particle on which outer mantles of predominantly H2O ices contain embedded carbonaceous and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) type particles of size in the of 1 - 10nm range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005298014670
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cometary organics (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—The abundant complex organic refractory molecules revealed by the Vega/Giotto mass-spectrometer analysis of the dust of comet Halley1 and the 3.4-um emission observed from space and from the ground by five groups (for example, ref. 2) are the subject of controversy. What are they and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331124a0
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