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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline cellulose degradation by a strain of Cellulomonas and its mutant derivatives (1979)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1979), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Mutant derivatives of a strain of Cellulomonas (CS1-1) were shown to be able to degrade crystalline cellulose (cotton wool) more efficiently compared to the parent strain. These mutants were also more effective in the accumulation of reducing sugar in the growth medium under certain environmental conditions. Differences between the mutant derivatives and CS1-1 were reflected by assay of the amount and distribution of various cellulolytic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506182
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reducing sugar accumulation from alkali pretreated sugar cane bagasse using Cellulomonas (1980)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1980), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An active cellulolytic culture was obtained following growth of the Cellulomonas strain CS1-17 for 24 h at 32° C on 1 or 2% alkali pretreated sugar cane bagasse. Environmental conditions were then varied to favour reducing sugar accumulation from fresh alkali pretreated bagasse added to the 24 h culture medium at 75 g/l. After incubation for an additional 48 h at 37° C under anaerobic, aerobic and aerobic+0.2% sodium azide conditions, reducing sugar was accumulated at 22.8, 23.7 and 25.6 g/l respectively. Approximately 83% of this release occurred during the first 18 h of incubation and the reducing sugar released contained approximately 14% xylose, 35% glucose, and 26% cellobiose. Addition of exogenous cellobiase resulted in conversion of the cellobiose to glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00514078
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A graphical method for optimizing fermentations (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 857-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line computer optimization chemostat productivityThis work originated as a practical experiment for the formal MS course in Biotechnology taught in this School. As there are still relatively few references describing on-line computer control of microbial processes, the results have been published in this communication. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190413
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin in batch and chemostat cultures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1785-1804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of tylosin and related compounds by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 was studied in batch and chemostat cultures using a soluble synthetic medium. In batch culture, a trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern was observed with tylosin, macrocin, and relomycin accumulating in the idiophase. When the organism was grown in chemostat culture, the specific rate of production of tylosin and related compounds (qtylosin) was found to be a function of the growth rate. The maximum value of (qtylosin) was observed when D = 0.017 hr-1. At this growth rate only tylosin and relomycin accumulated in the medium. By varying the concentration of glucose in the ingoing medium it was possible to study the effects of glucose on tylosin synthesis in chemostat cultures. At a growth rate of 0.017 hr-1, the maximum value of qtylosin was 0.71 mg tylosin/g dry weight (DW)/hr when the glucose uptake rate was 7 mg glucose/g DW-hr. This value of qtylosin was 40% greater than the maximum qtylosin observed in batch culture. When glycerol was substituted for glucose in the medium, it was possible in chemostat culutures to get values of qtylosin approximately 20% greater than those obtained with glucose at the same uptake rate. By varying the concentration of sodium glutamate in the ingoing medium it was possible to show that increasing the specific uptake rate of sodium glutamate increased the values of qtylosin obtained. Similar chemostat experiments where the inorganic phosphate concentration in the ingoing medium was varied showed that increased the uptake of phosphate decreased the values of qtylosin obtained. Also increasing the uptake rate of phosphate increased the relomycin-to-tylosin ratio. By taking into consideration the suppressing effects of glucose and the stimulating effects of sodium glutamate on tylosin synthesis, it was possible to formulate a medium that resulted in a value of qtylosin of 1.1 mg/g/hr being obtained at a growth rate of 0.03 hr-1. Batch fermentations with this medium did not follow a trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern, but instead tylosin was actively synthesized during a period of rapid mycelial growth.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of steam explosion as a method for increasing susceptibility of sugarcane bagasse to enzymatic saccharification (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 733-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The technique of autohydrolysis steam explosion was examined as a means for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. Treatment conditions were optimized so that following enzymatic hydrolysis, pretreated bagasse would give 65.1 g sugars/100 g starting bagasse. Released sugars comprised 38.9 g glucose, 0.6 g cellobiose, 22.1 g xylose, and 3.5 g arabinose, and were equivalent to 83% of the anhydroglucan and 84% of the anhydroxylan content of untreated bagasse. Optimum conditions were treatment for 30 S with saturated steam at 220°C with a water-to-solids ratio of 2 and the addition of 1 g H2SO4/100 g dry bagasse. Bagasse treated in this manner was not inhibitory to fermentation by Saccharomyces uvarum except at low inoculum levels when fermentation time was extended by up to 24 h. Pretreated saccharified bagasse was inhibitory to Pachysolen tannophilus and this was attributed to the formation of acetate from the hydrolysis of acetyl groups present in hemicellulose. The major advantage of the pretreatment is the achievement of high total sugar yield with moderate enzyme requirement and only minor losses due to sugar decomposition.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of ATP as an indicator of biomass concentration in the Trichoderma viride fermentation (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin in cyclic fed-batch culture (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tylosin-producing Streptomyces fradiae was cultured on a synthetic medium with a high glutamate-glucose ratio. Tylosin batch fermentations with this medium were characterized by a high initial specific production rate of tylosin (qtylosin, mg/g h) that decreased as the fermentation progressed. Continuous feeding of glutamate, glucose, and methyloleate at a constant feed rate initiated during the period of high qtylosin had been shown to produce some increase in tylosin productivity. By using a cyclic feeding strategy, it was possible to increase tylosin productivity further. Tylosin fed-batch fermentations with glutamate and glucose being fed to the culture in cyclic square-wave profiles with methyloleate in excess showed several-fold increase in final qtylosin and tylosin titers. By varying cycle amplitudes and period of the substrates, it was found that maximum tylosin productivity occurred when the glutamate cycle amplitude was 600 mg/L and that of glucose was 42.5 mg/L per cycle period of 24 h. With these cycle amplitudes of glutamate and glucose, the tylosin cyclic fed-batch culture also showed high cellular uptake of methyloleate. Decreasing or increasing glucose cycle amplitude at fixed glutamate amplitude lowered tylosin production, and no further stimulation of tylosin synthesis was observed when α-ketoglutarate was supplemented to the cyclic substrate feeds. Under optimum cyclic conditions it was possible to maintain linear tylosin accretion and a constant value of qtylosin up to 240 h.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clarification of mechanically disrupted yeast suspensions by rotary vacuum precoat riltration (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rotary vacuum precoat filtration of bakers' yeast disrupted in a high-pressure homogenizer is reported. Different precoat materials, knife cutting rates, and body feeds were tested on disrupted yeast suspensions ranging from 10 to 40% wt packed yeast/vol. The flow rates, solids contents, and protein and enzyme concentrations before and after filtration were determined. Filtration rates were found to be independent of precoat thickness during debris filtration. For 20% disrupted yeast, flow rates of up to 17 cm3/cm2/hr were attained at a precoat and body feed usage of 35 kg/1000 liters. By reducing the knife cutting speed to 0.025 mm/min and the body feed to 1% the filter aid usage could be reduced to 13.5 kg/1000 liters while maintaining a flow rate of 9.3 cm3/cm2/hr. In all experiments protein recoveries were in the range of 80-90% and with the four enzymes examined, recoveries ranged from 67-92%. With all the precoats tested, the product had a lower solids content than that obtained from centrifuges capable of processing similar quantities of cell debris.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-culture studies on the regulation of tylosin biosynthesis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1093-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The metabolic regulation of tylosin synthesis by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 was studied in batch and chemostat cultures using a soluble synthetic medium. In batch culture a medium which diminished the trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern was used to assess the activities of the enzymes involved in tylosin synthesis. The enzymes methylmalonyl-coenzyme A carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.1) and propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) showed early enzymatic derepression, both enzymes reaching their highest specific activities after 72-96 fermentation. The activity of macrocin 3′ -O-methyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of macrocin (tylosin C) to tylosin (tylosin A). also peaked at 72 h. The specific activities of the three enzymes showed close correlation with the qtylosin value. In chemostat cultures the activities of the enzymes and the intracellular level of the adenylate pool and energy charge were studied as a function of dilution rate. Under steady-state conditions, increases in the specific growth rate repressed the enzymes activities with a concomitant increase in the intracellular level of the adenylate pool, while the adenylate energy charge remained almost constant and in the range 0.5-0.52. The highest specific activities of the enzymes were observed when D = 0.008 h -1. The specific rate of tylosin synthesis was inversely proportional to the specific growth rate and the intracellular level of adenylate pool. The pool of adenylate could be a nutritional parameter which had a considerable influence on the biosynthesis of tylosin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240506
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