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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 337 (1989), S. 376-380 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Isolation and characterization of three spontaneous NR" mutants induced by transposition of Tntl into the coding sequence of the nia2 locus, a, The construction of haploid monogenic lines from which spontaneous NR" clones were selected. Stably mutated nia alloalleles from a NR~ (nial~\ ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): retrotransposon ; gene regulation ; Nicotiana tabacum ; plant-pathogen interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Activation of retrotransposons by stresses and external changes is common in all eukaryotic systems, including plants. The transcription of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon was studied in its natural host as well as in Arabidopsis and tomato. It is activated by factors of microbial origin, by external stresses, and by viral, bacterial, and fungal attacks. Tnt1 expression is linked with the biological responses of the plant to the elicitor or to the pathogen attack and in particular with the early steps of the metabolic pathways leading to the activation of plant defense genes. In most cases, the basic features of Tnt1 regulation in tobacco are maintained in tomato and Arabidopsis, but some host-specific regulations were shown. The U3 region of the Tnt1 LTR contains the major cis-acting components of Tnt1 transcriptional activation in association with the plant defense responses. Furthermore, the Tnt1 U3 region, and especially the tandemly repeated BII boxes, contains several sequences similar to well-characterized motifs involved in the activation of several plant defense genes. The possible origin of Tnt1 regulatory sequences as well as the biological implications of Tnt1 activation by pathogen attacks are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Retroviral replication is a very error-prone process. Replication of retroviruses gives rise to populations of closely related but different genomes referred to as ‘quasispecies’. This huge swarm of different sequences constitutes a reservoir of potentially useful genomes in case of an environmental change, endowing retroviruses with extreme adaptability. Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements closely related to retroviruses, and retrotransposition is as error prone as retroviral replication. The Tnt1 retrotransposon is present in hundreds of copies in the genome of tobacco that show a high level of sequence heterogeneity. When Tnt1 is expressed, its RNA is not a single sequence but a population of sequences displaying a quasispecies-like structure. This population structure gives to Tnt1, as in the case of retroviruses, a high sequence plasticity and an adaptive capacity. We propose this adaptivity as the major reason for Tnt1 maintenance in Nicotiana genomes and we discuss in this paper the importance of sequence variability for Tnt1 evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): retrotransposon ; gene regulation ; Nicotiana tabacum ; plant-pathogen interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Retroelements represent by far the largest and most widespread class of mobile genetic elements. Representatives of several classes of retrotransposons have been characterized in a broad range of plant species, but only a few of them have been shown to be active. Among these, the tobaccoTnt1 retrotransposon has been isolated after insertional mutagenesis and is one of the very few to be transcriptionally active.Tntl expression is strongly regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental manner. Moreover,Tntl expression is induced by a range of biotic or abiotic elicitors, which all have in common the ability to induce the plant defense response. Regulatory sequences involved in this elicitor-mediated induction have been located in the LTR U3 region. The link betweenTntl activation and the plant defense response might represent an example of the involvement of transposable elements in genome restructurations needed in response to environmental fluctuations such as pathogen attacks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis thaliana ; Brassica napus ; gene expression ; Nicotiana tabacum ; retrotransposon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) retrotransposon Tntl has previously been shown to be strongly regulated and driven from the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR). We report here that the Tntl LTR can promote activity of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in two heterologous species of the Brassicaceae family, namely rapessed (Brassica napus) and Arabidopsis thaliana. The translational LTR-GUS fusion was active in transient expression studies performed with tobacco and rapeseed protoplasts, indicating that the LTR sequences are recognized in heterologous species. Our results also showed that Tntl LTR-promoted GUS expression in transgenic Arabidopsis is strongly regulated, and that, in contrast to tobacco, hormonal activation plays a significant role in the expression of the Tntl LTR in Arabidopsis. LTR sequences were shown to be more effective than the CaMV 35S enhancer region in transient expression studies performed with tobacco or rapessed protoplasts; and substitution of the LTR sequences upstream from the major transcriptional start with the CaMV 35S enhancer region gave high levels of expression in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis leaves, suggesting that a Tntl element with similar substitutions in its 5′ LTR might be suited for gene-tagging experiments in heterologous species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): retrotransposon ; β-glucuronidase ; Arabidopsis ; tobacco ; tomato
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The transcription of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon was previously shown to be induced, in tobacco and in heterologous species, by microbial elicitors and by pathogen infections. We report here that the expression of the Tnt1 promoter is also activated in heterologous species such as tomato and Arabidopsis by wounding, freezing and by other abiotic factors known to induce the plant defence response, such as salicylic acid, CuCl2, or oxidative stress. A similar regulation is observed in tobacco for most treatments. The induction of the Tnt1 promoter expression by wounding remains localized around injury points. In CuCl2-treated Arabidopsis plants, the transcription of Tnt1 is correlated with accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin and with the expression of the EL13 defence gene. The interest of the Tnt1 promoter as a sensitive indicator of the plant defence responses is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Tobacco ; Transposable element ; Ac-like element ; Excision ; Slide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A new transposable element of tobacco, Slide, was isolated from the tl mutant line, which shows somatic instability, after its transposition into a locus encoding nitrate reductase (NR). The Slide-124 element is 3733 bp long and its coding sequences show similarities with conserved domains of the transposases of Ac, Tam3 and hobo. Excision from the NR locus is detectable in somatic leaf tissues and Slide mobility is triggered by in vitro tissue culture. Slide excision events create footprints similar to those left by Ac and Tam3. Tobacco lines derived from the tl mutant line seem characterized by unmethylated copies of a few members of the highly repetitive Slide family. Slide mobility was monitored in transient expression assays. In wild-type tobacco protoplasts, the complete Slide element, as well as a defective copy, is able to excise. The complete Slide element, but not the defective version, is able to excise in protoplasts of the heterologous species lettuce (Lactuca sativa). These results show that Slide carries the functions required for its own mobility, and represents the first autonomous Ac-like element characterized in Solanaceae species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): Lycopersicon ; Retrolyc1 ; retrotransposon ; Solanaceae ; Tntl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Retrotransposons are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements that transpose through an RNA intermediate. One of the best known plant retrotransposon, Tnt1, was isolated from tobacco and showed an extensive distribution in the Nicotiana genus. We investigated the presence of related sequences in the Lycopersicon genus, another member of the Solanaceae family. Hybridization experiments performed using Tnt1 probes indicated that homologous sequences were present in all Lycopersicon species, indicating that these Tnt1-related sequences, that we named Retrolyc1, are distributed throughout the Lycopersicon genus. Different distribution patterns were detected between species, demonstrating a potential use of Retrolyc1 elements as molecular markers. An incomplete Retrolyc1 sequence, that we named Retrolyc1-1, was isolated from an L. peruvianum genomic library. Retrolyc1-1 shows extensive homology with Tnt1 sequences except in the LTR U3 region. Since this region is known to be involved in the control of transcription, this strongly suggests the existence of different patterns of regulation for Tnt1 and Retrolyc1 elements. The study of these two elements within the Solanaceae family may provide interesting models for retrotransposon evolution within this group and transmission in host genomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): copia-like ; LTR ; retrotransposon ; retrovirus-like ; tobacco ; regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 is induced by wounding, pathogen infections as well as microbial elicitors and abiotic factors known to induce the plant defence response. We report here that the LTR U3 region is sufficient to mediate transcriptional activation by biotic and abiotic elicitors in stable transgenic conditions. We have used in vivo footprinting techniques in order to analyse the cis-regulatory elements of the LTR U3 region that mediate the induction of Tnt1 expression. Our results indicate that a tandemly repeated short element, named BII box, is involved in the transcriptional activation of the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 in association with the plant defence signaling cascade.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Nicotiana tabacum ; Nitrate reductase ; Retrotransposon ; Transcription
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of Tntl retrotransposon insertion on nitrate reductase (NR) gene transcription have been analyzed in three NR-deficient insertional, mutants of Nicotiana tabacum. In the three mutants, named h9-Nia4, h9-Nia5 and h9-Nia6, Tnt1 was inserted into exon 3, exon 2 and exon 1 of the nia2 NR alloallelle, respectively. The mutants h9-Nia4 and h9-Nia6, which contained Tnt1 insertions that were oriented opposite to the direction of nia2 gene transcription, expressed chimaeric nia2-Tnt1 RNAs, respectively 12 kb and 10 kb long. The size observed in h9-Nia6 was close to the expected size for a full-length hybrid transcript starting and ending under the control of nia2 signals (about 9 kb). The larger transcript found in h9-Nia4 was shown to be due to a failure to splice the nia2 intron 2. The mutant h9-Nia5, which contained a Tntl insertion oriented in parallel with the direction of nia2 transcription expressed two truncated nia2-Tnt1 RNAs, 2 kb and 6.7 kb long. These transcripts arose from termination in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of Tull. Since no full-length hybrid RNA was detected, we suggest that Tnt1 carries efficient termination signals, which are more efficiently recognized in the 3′ LTR than in the 5′ LTR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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