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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 44 (1952), S. 1411-1421 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 778-781 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new multicamera soft x-ray detector system has been constructed for the pumped divertor phase of JET to provide improved spatial and temporal resolution. It is based on 12 compact pinhole cameras each of which uses a 35 element PIN photodiode array. The cameras are housed in a secondary vacuum and view the plasma through beryllium windows 250-μm-thick which absorb x rays with energies below ∼2 keV. The front-end electronics, located up to 10 m away from the detectors, sample data at 250 kHz, with a 100 kHz passband. The diodes are operated at zero bias voltage. The system ran successfully during the 1995 phase of JET operation with poloidal mode numbers up to m=5 being successfully reconstructed. Detector noise levels (〈1 nA) were small compared to signal statistical noise. Some deterioration in diode performance was observed after exposure to an integrated neutron fluence of ∼1013 n. cm−2. Tests have shown that operating with 3 V reverse bias can offset much of the fall in performance from radiation damage. Using a similar 16 element PIN photodiode, a windowless camera has been developed for installation in the JET primary vacuum, to investigate fast XUV/x-ray events which develop at lower energies near the plasma edge or in the divertor. Finally, a radiation hardened system is being developed for D-T operation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 693-699 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The pulse-height-analysis (PHA) system installed on the Joint European Torus (JET) measures the plasma soft x-ray emission (2–30 keV) with an energy resolution of 450 eV and a time resolution of 200 ms. This diagnostic includes three Si(Li) detectors, equipped with sets of remotely controlled apertures and filters, which view the plasma in the midhorizontal plane of the torus along a single tangential line of sight. Automatic analysis of the spectra yields the central electron temperature, the central concentrations of chlorine, chromium, and nickel, and Zeff. Simulations of the measured spectra using a radiation code provides the basis to construct a consistent picture of the soft x-ray emission in the central region of JET plasmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Based upon the experience gained with the present soft x-ray data acquisition system, new techniques are being developed which make extensive use of digital signal processors (DSPs). Digital filters make 13 further frequencies available in real time from the input sampling frequency of 200 kHz. In parallel, various algorithms running on further DSPs generate triggers in response to a range of events in the plasma. The sawtooth crash can be detected, for example, with a delay of only 50 μs from the onset of the collapse. The trigger processor interacts with the digital filter boards to ensure data of the appropriate frequency is recorded throughout a plasma discharge. An independent link is used to pass 780 and 24 Hz filtered data to a network of transputers. A full tomographic inversion and display of the 24 Hz data is carried out in real time using this 15 transputer array. The 780 Hz data are stored for immediate detailed playback following the pulse. Such a system could considerably improve the quality of present plasma diagnostic data which is, in general, sampled at one fixed frequency throughout a discharge. Further, it should provide valuable information towards designing diagnostic data acquisition systems for future long pulse operation machines when a high degree of real-time processing will be required, while retaining the ability to detect, record, and analyze events of interest within such long plasma discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2142-2144 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The arrays of silicon diodes recently installed on the Joint European Torus (JET) measure the plasma soft x-ray emission with high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects to be investigated. The diagnostic consists of two "pinhole'' cameras which view the same poloidal cross section in orthogonal directions. A data-acquisition system based upon three cascaded digital filters can convert the 200-kHz detector signal analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output to lower sampling rates of 10, 1, and 0.1 kHz. Initially, studies have concentrated on the sawtooth collapse. By means of a trigger system data on the sawtooth crash have regularly been recorded at a sampling frequency of 200 kHz. Using tomographic reconstruction techniques, the soft x-ray emissivity cross section during the crash has been reconstructed. First results during ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) heating show no precursor activity prior to the sawtooth collapse, while during the crash, the hot central plasma is displaced off axis by about 30 cm on a time scale of 50–200 μs, after which a hollow soft x-ray profile forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2540-2542 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report light emission from light emitting diodes with poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) as the active layer in both forward and reverse bias operation. The onset of electroluminescence (EL) of ITO/P3OT/Al devices occurs at current densities of 6.25×10−4 A/cm2 in both modes of operation; both cases show identical EL spectra. For a P3OT thickness of 100 nm the onset of electroluminescence and current occurs at 3 V in the forward bias mode, and at about 18 V in the reverse mode of operation, at which a completely different voltage dependence of the current is observed. In the reverse mode of operation, the data suggest that carrier injection is a tunneling process through a triangular barrier of 0.4 eV at the metal–polymer interface. In the forward bias a Schottky-like behavior is seen. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 55 (1951), S. 874-881 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 2124-2133 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of HCl+ on two coupled potential surfaces is studied in the long wavelength regime with a semiclassical method employing classical trajectories and a hopping algorithm. Dissociation probabilities, product kinetic energy distributions, and branching ratios are presented. In addition, two mechanisms are introduced to explain trends in these properties. One mechanism produces large product kinetic energies and is an extension to two-coupled surfaces of the "wagging tail" mechanism seen in a previous one-surface study [M. Thachuk and D. M. Wardlaw, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 7462 (1995)]. The other mechanism is an extended barrier-suppression mechanism and accounts for the bulk of the product kinetic energy distribution, and in particular rationalizes the low energy part of these distributions as well as the branching ratios. It is shown that most of the trajectories undergo at most one nontrivial hop before dissociating so that the dynamics is dominated by the motion near the barrier to dissociation. This provides a simple, intuitive model for understanding the overall dynamics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 23 (1951), S. 751-754 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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