ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The physics of explosive volcanic eruptions (1998)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 00.0460
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions includes seven review papers that outline our current understanding of several aspects of the physical processes affecting magma during volcanic eruptions. An introductory chapter highlights research areas where our understanding is incomplete, or even completely lacking, and where work needs advancing if our knowledge of volcanic processes is to be substantially improved. The book covers topics on the physical properties of silicic magma, vesiculation processes, conduit flow and fragmentation, gas loss from magmas during eruption, models of volcanic eruption columns, tephra dispersal and pyroclastic density currents.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 186 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1862390207
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 145
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/145/1
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Note: J. S. Gilbert and R. S. J. Sparks: Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.01 --- Donald B. Dingwell: Recent experimental progress in the physical description of silicic magma relevant to explosive volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.02 --- Oded Navon and Vladimir Lyakhovsky: Vesiculation processes in silicic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:27-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.03 --- H. M. Mader: Conduit flow and fragmentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:51-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.04 --- C. Jaupart: Gas loss from magmas through conduit walls during eruption / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:73-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.05 --- Andrew W. Woods: Observations and models of volcanic eruption columns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:91-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.06 --- M. Bursik: Tephra dispersal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:115-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.07 --- T. H. Druitt: Pyroclastic density currents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:145-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.08
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BOOK
    Link to Library Catalog
    get availability status
  • 2
    Unknown
    Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of Seismic and Acoustic Signals (2008)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Volcanoes become active when fluids are in motion, and erupt when these fluids escape into the atmosphere. Volcanic fluids are a mixture of solid, liquid and gas. These mixtures result in a complex range of flow behaviour, especially during interaction with conduit geometry. These processes are not directly observable and must be inferred from interpretations of field observation and measurement. One of the outcomes of this complexity is the generation of pressure and force transients as high-density phases accelerate and decelerate during unsteady flow. These transients are one means of flexing the conduit wall, a process that manifests itself as ground motion and is detectable as volcano seismic signals. On eruption, volcanic fluids interact with the atmosphere and generate acoustic and thermal signals. In this Special Publication we present a series of papers based on field, numerical and experimental approaches that seek to establish links between geophysical signals and fluid motion in volcanic conduits.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 244 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862392625
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol307/issue1/
    Language: English
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric potential gradient changes during explosive activity at Sakurajima volcano, Japan (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 590-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We report electric potential gradient measurements carried out at Sakurajima volcano in Japan during: (1) explosions which generated ash plumes, (2) steam explosions which produced plumes of condensing gases, and (3) periods of ashfall and plume-induced acid rainfall. Sequential positive and negative deviations occurred during explosions which generated ash plumes. However, no deflections from background were found during steam explosions. During periods of ashfall negative electric potential gradients were observed, while positive potential gradients occurred during fallout of plume-induced acid rain from the same eruption. These results suggest that a dipole arrangement of charge develops within plumes such that positive charges dominate in the volcanic gas-rich top and negative charges in the following ash-rich part of the plume. The charge polarity may be reversed for other volcanoes (Hatakeyama and Uchikawa 1952). We suggest that charge is generated by fracto-emission (Donaldson et al. 1988) processes probably during magma fragmentation within the vent, rather than by frictional effects within the plume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569942
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aerodynamic behaviour of volcanic aggregates (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 55 (1993), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: aggregates ; fall velocity ; volcanic plumes ; porosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A large proportion of solid material transported within the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions consists of particles less than 500 μm in diameter. The majority of these particles become incorporated into a wide range of aggregate types, the aerodynamic behaviour of which has not been determined by either direct observation or in the laboratory. In the absence of such data, theoretical models of fallout from volcanic plumes make necessarily crude assumptions about aggregate densities and fall velocities. Larger volcanic ejecta often consists of pumice of lower than bulk density. Experimental data are presented for the fall velocities of porous aggregates and single particles, determined in systems analogous to that of ejecta falling from a volcanic plume. It is demonstrated that the fall of aggregates may be modelled in identical fashion to single particles by using a reduced aggregate density dependent on the porosity, and a size corresponding to an enclosing sphere. Particles incorporated into aggregates attain a substantially higher fall velocity than single particles. This is due to the larger physical dimensions of the aggregate, which overcomes the effect of lower aggregate density. Additionally, the internal porosity of the aggregate allows some flow of fluid through the aggregate and this results in a small increase in fall velocity. The increase in fall velocity of particles incorporated into aggregates, rather than falling individually, results in the enhanced removal of fine material from volcanic plumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304591
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentation of tephra by volcanic plumes: I. Theory and its comparison with a study of the Fogo A plinian deposit, Sao Miguel (Azores) (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentation of ejecta from volcanic plumes has been studied as a function of distance from the source in the Fogo A plinian deposit, Sao Miguel, Azores. The Fogo A trachytic pumice deposit is reversely graded and can be divided into two parts on the basis of pumice colour, abundance of syenite accessory lithic clasts and distribution. The lower syenite-poor part was dispersed to the south and was clearly influenced by wind. The upper syenite-rich part is coarsegrained and has a nearly symmetrical distribution around the vent. Elongation of isopachs to the east indicate a weak wind influence. The grain-size variations of lithic and crystal components in the upper coarse part were studied. Total accumulation and accumulation per unit area (expressed in kg/m2) show good fits to a gaussian function at distances greater than ∼7 km for grain diameters less than 2 cm. These results agree with a theoretical model for a radially spreading turbulent current moving over a quiescent fluid. The gaussian coefficient is shown to be a function of grain size and the flow rate of material into the umbrella region of the eruption column. The coefficient is therefore also a function of column height. The column height deduced from these data is 21 km, which is in broad agrrement with the column height of 27 km deduced from maximum clast dispersal using the method of Carey and Sparks (1986). The accumulation of clasts larger than 2 cm agrees with a theory for the fallout of clasts from the margins of the ascending eruption column, which treats the plume as a succession of large eddies that decrease their mass of particles as an exponential function of time. Calculations are also presented for the influence of the radial inflow of surrounding air into the column on the deposition of clasts. These calculations constrain the wind speed during the later part of the Fogo A eruption to be at most a few metres per second. The study has allowed four different dynamic categories of clast behaviour to be recognised in eruption columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301486
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 58 (1996), S. 67-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Caldera ; Radar ; Gravity ; Ice ; Subglacial eruptions ; Sollipulli ; Chile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A radar and gravity survey of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile, indicates that the intra-caldera ice has a thickness of up to 650 m in its central part and that the caldera harbours a minimum of 6 km3 of ice. Reconnaissance geological observations show that the volcano has erupted compositions ranging from olivine basalt to dacite and have identified five distinct volcanic units in the caldera walls. Pre- or syn-caldera collapse deposits (the Sharkfin pyroclastic unit) comprise a sequence which evolved from subglacial to subaerial facies. Post-caldera collapse products, which crop out along 17 of the 20 km length of the caldera wall, were erupted almost exclusively along the caldera margins in the presence of a large body of intra-caldera ice. The Alpehué crater, formed by an explosive eruption between 2960 and 2780 a. BP, in the southwest part of the caldera is shown to post date formation of the caldera. Sollipulli lacks voluminous silicic pyroclastic rocks associated with caldera formation and the collapse structure does not appear to be a consequence of a large-magnitude explosive eruption. Instead, lateral magma movement at depth resulting in emptying of the magma chamber may have generated the caldera. The radar and gravity data show that the central part of the caldera floor is flat but, within a few hundred metres of the caldera walls, the floor has a stepped topography with relatively low-density rock bodies beneath the ice in this region. This, coupled with the fact that most of the post-caldera eruptions have taken place along the caldera walls, implies that the caldera has been substantially modified by subglacial marginal eruptions. Sollipulli caldera has evolved from a collapse to a constructional feature with intra-caldera ice playing a major role. The post-caldera eruptions have resulted in an increase in height of the walls and concomitant deepening of the caldera with time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050127
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge measurements on particle fallout from a volcanic plume (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 598-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over a 16-day period in May 1990, eruptions of fine ash occurred almost continuously at Sakurajima volcano. Falling ash was collected at distances of 2.5-5 km from the vent. Periods of no ash fall or only minor fall (often accompanied by the emission of steam) lasting a few hours preceded ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349598a0
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of accretionary lapilli (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 398-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: accretionary lapilli ; aggregation volcanic ash ; volcanic plume ; wind tunnel collision and coalescence ; fallout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Experimental investigations in a recirculating wind tunnel of the mechanisms of formation of accretionary lapilli have demonstrated that growth is controlled by collision of liquid-coated particles, due to differences in fall velocities, and binding as a result of surface tension forces and secondary mineral growth. The liquids present on particle surfaces in eruption plumes are acid solutions stable at ≪ 100% relative humidity, from which secondary minerals, e.g. calcium sulphate and sodium chloride, precipitate prior to impact of accretionary lapilli with the ground. Concentric grain-size zones within accretionary lapilli build up due to differences in the supply of particular particle sizes during aggregate growth. Accretionary lapilli do not evolve by scavenging of particles by liquid drops followed by evaporation — a process which, in wind tunnel experiments, generates horizontally layered hemispherical aggregates. Size analysis of particles in the wind tunnel air stream and particles adhering to growing aggregates demonstrate that the aggregation coefficient is highly grain-size dependent. Theoretical simulation of accretionary lapilli growth in eruption plumes predicts maximum sizes in the range 0.7–20 mm for ash cloud thicknesses of 0.5–10 km respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326465
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ice-melt collapse pits and associated features in the 1991 lahar deposits of Volcán Hudson, Chile: criteria to distinguish eruption-induced glacier melt (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Lahars ; Jökulhlaup ; Geohazards ; Glacier melt ; Ice-rafting ; Subsidence ; Ring fractures ; Current crescent ; Kettle-hole ; Sandur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In subaerial volcaniclastic sequences structures formed by ice blocks can provide information about a volcano's history of lahar generation by glacier melt. At Volcán Hudson in Chile, catastrophic lahars were initiated by eruption-induced melting of glacier ice in August and October 1991. They transported large ice blocks 50 km down the Rio de los Huemules valley to the sea. Large current crescents with lee-side lenses were formed where ice blocks were deposited during waning stages of the flood. When stranded blocks of ice melted, they left cone-shaped and ring-shaped heaps of ice-rafted debris on the sediment surface. Several hundred ice blocks were completely buried within the aggrading lahar sediment, and when these melted circular collapse pits formed in the sediment. Collapse types included subsided coherent blocks of sediment bounded by an outward-dipping ring-fracture, trapdoor structures with horseshoe-shaped fractures, downsag pits with centroclinal dips locally up to 60°, pits with peripheral graben and crevasses, piecemeal (highly fragmented) collapse structures and funnel-shaped pits containing disaggregated sediment. A sequence of progressive collapse is inferred in which initial downsag and subsidence on an outward-dipping ring fracture produces a small diameter pit. This is followed by widening of the pit by progressive development of concentric ring fractures and downsag outside the early formed pit, and by collapse of overhanging pit walls to produce vertical to inward-dipping walls and aprons of collapse debris on the pit floor. The various structures have potential for preservation even in regions prone to high rainfall and flooding, and they can be used to indicate that former lahars contained abundant blocks of ice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301289
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of accretionary lapilli (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 398-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words accretionary lapilli ; aggregation ; volcanic ash ; volcanic plume ; wind tunnel ; collision and coalescence ; fallout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Experimental investigations in a recirculating wind tunnel of the mechanisms of formation of accretionary lapilli have demonstrated that growth is controlled by collision of liquid–coated particles, due to differences in fall velocities, and binding as a result of surface tension forces and secondary mineral growth. The liquids present on particle surfaces in eruption plumes are acid solutions stable at 〈100% relative humidity, from which secondary minerals, e.g. calcium sulphate and sodium chloride, precipitate prior to impact of accretionary lapilli with the ground. Concentric grain–size zones within accretionary lapilli build up due to differences in the supply of particular particle sizes during aggregate growth. Accretionary lapilli do not evolve by scavenging of particles by liquid drops followed by evaporation – a process which, in wind tunnel experiments, generates horizontally layered hemispherical aggregates. Size analysis of particles in the wind tunnel air stream and particles adhering to growing aggregates demonstrate that the aggregation coefficient is highly grain–size dependent. Theoretical simulation of accretionary lapilli growth in eruption plumes predicts maximum sizes in the range 0.7–20 mm for ash cloud thicknesses of 0.5–10 km respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326465
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...