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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and cellular organization ofPinus sylvesfris pollen tubes (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Microscopy ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pollen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The organization ofPinus sylvestris pollen tubes during growth was studied by video microscopy of living cells and by electron microscopy after freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution (FF-FS). Pollen germinated and the tubes grew slowly for a total period of about 7 days. Some of the grains formed two tubes, while 10–50% of the tubes ramified. These features are in accordance with development in vivo. The cytoplasmic hyaline cap at the tip disappeared during the 2nd or 3rd day of culture. Aggregates of starch grains progressively migrated from the grain into the tube and later into the branches. Vacuoles first appeared at day 2 and eventually filled large parts of the tube. The tube nucleus was located at variable distances from the tip. Some of the organelles showed linear movements in a mostly circulatory pattern, but the majority of the organelles showed brownian-like movements. Rhodamine-phalloidin-stained actin filaments had a gross axial orientation and were found throughout the tube including at the tip. The ultrastructure of pollen tubes was well preserved after FF-FS, but signs of shrinkage were visible. The secretory vesicles in growing tips were not organized in a vesicle cone, and coated pits had a low density with only local accumulations, which is in accordance with slow growth. The mitochondria contained small cristae and a darkly stained matrix and were located more towards the periphery of the tube, indicating low respiratory activity and low oxygen levels. The dictyosomes carried typical trans-Golgi networks, but some contained less than the normal number of cisternae. Other elements of the cytoplasm were irregularly spaced rough endoplasmic reticulum, many multivesicular bodies, lipid droplets and two types of vacuoles. The typical organization associated with tip growth in angiosperm pollen tubes, e.g.Nicotiana tabacum, was not present inP. sylvestris pollen tubes. The different morphology may relate to the growth rate and not to the type of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and cellular organization of Pinus sylvestris pollen tubes (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeleton ; Microscopy ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pollen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The organization of Pinus sylvestris pollen tubes during growth was studied by video microscopy of living cells and by electron microscopy after freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution (FF-FS). Pollen germinated and the tubes grew slowly for a total period of about 7 days. Some of the grains formed two tubes, while 10–50% of the tubes ramified. These features are in accordance with development in vivo. The cytoplasmic hyaline cap at the tip disappeared during the 2nd or 3rd day of culture. Aggregates of starch grains progressively migrated from the grain into the tube and later into the branches. Vacuoles first appeared at day 2 and eventually filled large parts of the tube. The tube nucleus was located at variable distances from the tip. Some of the organelles showed linear movements in a mostly circulatory pattern, but the majority of the organelles showed brownian-like movements. Rhodamine-phalloidin-stained actin filaments had a gross axial orientation and were found throughout the tube including at the tip. The ultrastructure of pollen tubes was well preserved after FF-FS, but signs of shrinkage were visible. The secretory vesicles in growing tips were not organized in a vesicle cone, and coated pits had a low density with only local accumulations, which is in accordance with slow growth. The mitochondria contained small cristae and a darkly stained matrix and were located more towards the periphery of the tube, indicating low respiratory activity and low oxygen levels. The dictyosomes carried typical trans-Golgi networks, but some contained less than the normal number of cisternae. Other elements of the cytoplasm were irregularly spaced rough endoplasmic reticulum, many multivesicular bodies, lipid droplets and two types of vacuoles. The typical organization associated with tip growth in angiosperm pollen tubes, e.g. Nicotiana tabacum, was not present in P. sylvestris pollen tubes. The different morphology may relate to the growth rate and not to the type of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wall ofPinus sylvestris L. pollen tubes (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 208 (1999), S. 26-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Callose ; Cell wall ; Cellulose ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pectin ; Pollen tube ; Tip growlh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wall ofPinus sylvestris pollen and pollen tubes was studied by electron microscopy after both rapid-freeze fixation and freeze-substitution (RF-FS) and chemical fixation. Fluorescent probes and antibodies (JIM7 and JIM5) were used to study the distribution of esterified pectin, acidic pectin and callose. The wall texture was studied on shadow-casted whole mounts of pollen tubes after extraction of the wall matrix. The results were compared to current data of angiosperms. TheP. sylvestris pollen wall consists of a sculptured and a nonsculptured exine. The intine consists of a striated outer layer, that stretches partly over the pollen tube wall at the germination side, and a striated inner layer, which is continuous with the pollen tube wall and is likely to be partly deposited after germination. Variable amounts of callose are present in the entire intine. No esterified pectin is detected in the intine and acidic pectin is present in the outer intine layer only. The wall of the antheridial cell contains callose, but no pectin is detectable. The wall between antheridial and tube cell contains numerous plasmodesmata and is bordered by coated pits, indicating intensive communication with the tube cell. Callose and esterified pectin are present in the tip and the younger parts of the pollen tubes, but both ultimately disappear from the tube. Sometimes traces in the form of bands remain present. No acidic pectin is detected in either tip or tube. The wall of the pollen tube tip has a homogenous appearance, but gradually attains a fibrillar character at aging, perhaps because of the disappearance of callose and pectin. No secondary wall formation or callose lining can be seen wilh the electron microscope. The densily of the cellulose microfibrils (CMF) is much lower in the tip than in the tube. Both show CMF in all but axial and nontransverse orientations. In conclusion,P. sylvestris and angiosperm pollen tubes share the presence of esterified pectin in the tip, the oblique orientations of the CMF, and the gradual differentiation of the pollen tube wall, indicating a possible relation to tip growth. The presence of acidic pectin and the deposition of a secondary-wall or callose layer in angiosperms but not inP. sylvestris indicales that these characteristics are not related to tip growth, but probably represent adaptations to the fast and intrastylar growth of angiosperms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279072
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  • 4
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    AFM and Electron Microscopy Study of the Unusual Aggregation Behavior of Metallosurfactants Based on Iron(II) Complexes with Bipyridine Ligands (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 5
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    Two-Component Dendritic Gels:  Easily Tunable Materials (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 6
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    Two-Component Dendritic Gel:  Effect of Spacer Chain Length on the Supramolecular Chiral Assembly (2004)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-21
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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