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  • 1
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    Increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in total and polar lipid of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) postlarvae fed vegetable or animal phospholipids (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-29
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Adaptive capacities from survival to stress responses of two isogenic lines of rainbow trout fed a plant-based diet (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-03
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary vitamin E on antioxidant defence mechanisms of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In order to enhance growth, survival and quality during early juvenile stages of marine fish it is important to avoid lipid oxidation problems that are known to cause pathologies and disease. The aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the antioxidant systems in juvenile marine fish of commercial importance in European aquaculture, namely turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The experiment investigated the interaction of the dietary antioxidant micronutrient, vitamin E, with antioxidant defence systems. Fish were fed with diets of identical unsaturation index supplemented with graded amounts of vitamin E. The relationships between dietary and subsequent tissue vitamin E levels were determined as well as the effects of vitamin E supplementation on lipid and fatty acid compositions of both liver and whole fish, on the activities of the liver antioxidant defence enzymes, and on the levels of liver and whole body lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and isoprostanes. Growth and survival was only significantly affected in sea bream where feeding the diet with the lowest vitamin E resulted in decreased survival and growth. A gradation was observed in tissue vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/vitamin E levels in response to dietary vitamin E levels in all species. The activities of the main radical scavenging enzymes in the liver, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase generally reflected dietary and tissue vitamin E levels being highest in fish fed with the lowest level of vitamin E. The indicators of lipid peroxidation gave consistent results in all three species, generally being highest in fish fed with the unsupplemented diet and generally lowest in fish fed with the diet with highest vitamin E. In this respect, isoprostane levels generally paralleled TBARS levels supporting their value as indicators of oxidative stress in fish. Overall the relationships observed were logical in that decreased dietary vitamin E led to decreased levels of tissue vitamin E, and generally higher activities of the liver antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of lipid peroxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00205.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in total and polar lipid of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae fed vegetable or animal phospholipids (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 689-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 6-week feeding trial was conducted with 44-d-old European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in order to examine the effect of various dietary phospholipid (PL) sources on the incorporation of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in tissue lipids. From weaning onwards the fish received diets prepared by coating different lipid fractions (7.5% diet) on an extruded basal diet (92.5% diet). The two PL-free control diets contained 0.5 and 2% of an emulsifier blend, respectively. Seven other diets contained 2% PL, differing by their purity and origin (vegetable or animal). All diets were rendered isolipidic by the addition of hydrogenated coconut oil. Feeding the PL-supplemented diets, except the diet containing hydrolyzed soybean PL (lyso PL), resulted in a higher survival and a 10 to 30% better growth as compared to the PL-free diets. No difference according to the PL origin was observed. The sea bass final lipid content increased with increasing body weight. Also the lipid class composition of the fish was clearly correlated with the final weight gain. Total neutral lipid increased from 51% of total lipid (initial fish) to 76% for fish fed the PL-free diets, and up to 88% for fish fed the sunflower PL. Weaning the fish on the experimental diets induced important changes in their fatty acid profiles characterized by a decrease in 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 and an increase in saturated fatty acids and 22:6n-3 (DHA). According to the fatty acid composition of both total and polar lipid, the weaned fish could be divided into three groups reflecting the dietary fatty acids: a group fed the vegetable PL, a group fed the animal PL and a PL-deprived group. An effect of dietary PL on the incorporation of dietary n-3 HUFA, more particularly DHA, was noticed. For a similar supply of DHA through the neutral lipids in the diet, fish fed PL-supplemented diets (except for the lyso PL diet) had 10 to 25% higher DHA levels in total and polar lipid than PL-deprived fish. This PL effect was already clear at the end of the weaning and was not related to the presence of n-3 HUFA in the PL source, as suspected in a previous study when feeding egg yolk PL. A better incorporation of DHA was not obtained by replacing the PL by an emulsifier or by lyso PL with higher emulsifying properties. Present results confirm a role of dietary PL in the absorption of dietary neutral lipids, by a mechanism other than emulsification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between dietary phospholipid classes and neutral lipid absorption in newly-weaned turbot, shape Scophthalmus maximus (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: phospholipid classes ; phosphatidylcholine ; HUFA ; DHA ; marine fish ; turbot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 28-day feeding trial was conducted for comparing the effect of different dietary phospholipid (PL) classes on the growth of post-larval turbot and on the incorporation of dietary neutral lipid fatty acids into their body lipids. Prior to the experiment the turbot were weaned for one week on a PL-free diet. The nine experimental diets were isolipidic and contained an equal amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids in the form of ethyl esters. They differed by their PL content (0, 1 or 2%) and by the PL class composition of the added soybean PL fractions. Compared to the PL-free diet, diets enriched with phosphatidylcholine (PC) resulted in a better growth, a higher triglyceride content (% body dry matter) and increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (% total fatty acids) in each of the examined body lipid classes (neutral lipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol). The effects of the other soybean PL fractions were less explicit than those noted for soybean PC. The results support the idea that dietary PC plays a role in the intestinal absorption of neutral lipid fatty acids. This might, at least partially, explain the superiority of PC for enhancing growth. Abbreviations: DHA – docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3); EPA – eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3); HUFA – highly unsaturated fatty acid; PA – phosphatidic acid; PC – phosphatidylcholine; PE – phosphatidylethanolamine; PI – phosphatidylinositol; PL – phospholipid; PS – phosphatidylserine; PUFA – polyunsaturated fatty acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007723515204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of fatty acids from dietary neutral lipid in eye, brain and muscle of postlarval turbot fed diets with different types of phosphatidylcholine (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 365-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: phosphatidylcholine ; HUFA ; DHA ; marine fish ; turbot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous results demonstrated the stimulating effect of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the utilization of dietary neutral lipid in larval and postlarval fish. The present study further investigated the effect of the degree of saturation of dietary PC on the enhancement of dietary fatty acid incorporation in lipids of turbot. Newly-weaned turbot were fed for 20 days on four isolipidic diets containing the same amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), presented either as neutral lipid, i.e. fish oil ethyl esters, or as polar lipid. Diet FO was a phospholipid-free control diet. Diets HPC, SPC and FPC were supplemented with 3% hydrogenated soybean PC, 3% native soybean PC and 3% marine fish roe PC, respectively. The three PC-supplemented diets resulted in better growth and higher muscle triacylglycerol levels than the PC-free diet FO. The fish fatty acids were determined in 3 lipid classes (neutral lipid, PC, phosphatidylethanolamine) of 3 organs or tissues (eye, brain and muscle). Despite the identical amounts of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids provided by the soybean oil and by the HUFA ethyl esters, the substitution of 3% hydrogenated coconut oil in diet FO by 3% hydrogenated PC in diet HPC caused, averaged over the various tissues and lipid classes, a 7 to 12% higher incorporation of 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and a 32% higher 22:6n-3 level in turbot lipid. Diet HPC appeared as efficient as diet SPC for enhancing the incorporation of the n-3 HUFA from the ethyl esters. Feeding diet FPC, in which the n-3 HUFA were provided through the marine PC source, resulted in slightly higher levels of these fatty acids in the fish than feeding the ethyl ester HUFA diets, even if supplemented with PC. Present results confirm the positive effect of PC, either hydrogenated or native, on the utilization of fatty acids provided in the diet as neutral lipid. The slightly higher incorporation of HUFA, when esterified on dietary PC instead of neutral lipid, raises the question regarding the form of intestinal absorption of PL in fish.p〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007771431134
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a dietary phospholipid supplementation on growth and fatty acid composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) juveniles from weaning onwards (1997)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 16 (1997), S. 259-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: phospholipids ; essential fatty acids ; weaning ; marine fish ; European sea bass ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; turbot ; Scophthalmus maximus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two 40-day feeding trials using extruded diets were conducted to assess the effect of a dietary phospholipid (PL) supplementation on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from weaning onwards. Two dietary treatments (FO and PL) were tested; both had an identical extruded basis (92.5% total diet weight) coated with a different lipid fraction (7.5% total diet weight). Diet PL contained 2% egg yolk PL (69% pure). In diet FO the PL was replaced by hydrogenated coconut oil. The isolipidic diets contained an equal amount of fish oil ethyl esters providing 1.6% (% diet dry weight) of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). A diet water stability test showed no effect of the PL supplementation on the leaching of the dietary fatty acids. In both fish species weight, but not survival, significantly increased as a result of PL supplementation. Weaning onto the experimental diets resulted in similar changes in the relative percent levels of fatty acids in both species. In general, the percentage of saturated fatty acids levelled off after a rapid increase, while monoenes increased after an initial decrease. Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased and total n-6 PUFA remained almost constant. The major effect of the dietary PL on fish fatty acid composition was a 50% increase in n-6 and n-3 HUFAs compared to the PL-free FO diet. The rise in n-6 HUFA may have reflected the higher moiety in the dietary PL. On the other hand this was not the case for the n-3 HUFA since they represented only low levels in the PL fraction (0.1%) compared to that provided by the ethyl esters (1.6%) suggesting a more efficient incorporation of the PL n-3 HUFA than of the ethyl ester n-3 HUFA. A second hypothesis is that the dietary PL may have favored the incorporation of the dietary ethyl ester n-3 HUFA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007785128042
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