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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The theoretical feasibility of differentiating high-resolution electron microscope images obtained at Sherzer focus for two crystals of the same chemical composition [Pb6Ca4(PO4)6(OH)2] has been investigated for two commercially available electron microscopes: the Jeol 4000 EX microscope (Cs = 0.48 mm, V = 400 kV) and the Jeol 200 CX microscope (Cs = 1.2 mm, V = 200 kV) and at the following resolutions: 1.4, 2.0 and 2.5 Å. In these crystals the lead atoms are distributed either preferentially in the Ca(2) sites [Pb6(2)Ca4(1)(PO4)6(OH)2] or evenly in both Ca sites [Pb3.6(2)Ca2.4(2)Pb2.4(1)Ca1.6(1)(PO4)6(OH)2]. Crystals of various thicknesses oriented along the [2{\bar 1}{\bar 1}0] crystallographic direction have been investigated. The results show differences between images of the two structures, which are more marked when the crystal thickness is increased. A compromise between medium and ultra-high resolution had to be reached for interpretation of the images.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 370 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 109-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Oxalosis ; Human bone ; Scanning electron microscopy ; X-ray diffraction ; Oxalate titration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Postmortem scanning electron microscopy of human phalanges in a chronic uremic hemodialysis patient with hyperparathyroidism showed the presence of confluent abnormal rounded formations with a radial rosette-like crystalline pattern in the diaphysis as well as in the epiphyseal part of the bones. These fan-shaped configurations were found either as individual formations within bone trabeculae or as numerous aggregated crystalline deposits replacing large parts of the bone structure. The microdissected content of such large areas submitted to X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the predominant presence of calcium oxalate monohydrate or whewellite with some traces of hydroxyapatite. Oxalate titration analysis indicated the presence of 25% of oxalate, corresponding to 45% in weight of whewellite.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dissolution ; Crystallographic axes ; (100) planes ; Dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Various stages in monocrystal dissolution occurring during human enamel caries were studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. After the development of a central core lesion, two mechanisms by which the dissolution spread laterally to the (100) faces of the crystal could be demonstrated on the basis of the systematic orientation of the crystallographic axes. In the first case, the destruction was developing parallel to (120) planes and the borders were limited by (100) planes. In the second type, the development of the lateral side lesion was observed parallel to (100) planes. The carious destruction of the enamel monocrystal occurred as a result of the development of several lateral side dissolutions of the two types described, proceeding along the entire central core lesion.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Human enamel ; Development ; Hydroxyapatite ; Structural defects ; High resolution electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ribbon-like crystals, from developing enamel of human fetuses, were studied by high resolution electron microscopy. These crystals were classically described as the first organized mineral formed during amelogenesis. They were characterized by a mean width-to-thickness ratio (W.T-1) of 9.5, and 40% were bent. On lattice images we noted the presence of the central dark line (CDL) associated with white spots. Both structures were found in crystals with a minimum thickness of 8–10 nm. CDLs were localized in the center of the crystals and seemed to be linked to the initial growth process, but their exact structure and function were not fully determined. We were able to study the structure of the ribbon-like crystals with a Scherzer resolution close to 0.2 nm. The good correspondence between experimental and computed images showed that their structure was related to hydroxyapatite (HA). In addition, the presence of ionic substitutions and deficiencies were also compatible with HA. In this study, about 50% of the crystals showed structural defects. Screw dislocations were the most often noted defects and were observed within crystals aligned along five different zone axes. Low- and high-angle boundaries were also detected. Low-angle boundaries, found in the center of the crystals, could thus be related to CDLs and be implicated in the nucleation step of crystal formation, whereas high-angle boundaries could result from the fusion of ribbon-like crystals. Such mechanisms could induce an acceleration of the growth in thickness of the crystal observed during the maturation stage of amelogenesis.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 382-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Avian osteopetrosis ; Avian oncornavirus ; Ultrastructure ; Calcification ; Bone cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diaphyseal tibial bone of 12.5 – 13-day and 19-day-old embryos and 20-day-old hatched chicks infected with retrovirus MAV.2-O were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The viruses were associated with lining osteoblasts and osteocytes. Whereas the infection of the osteoblast layer seemed to be a transient stage, virus association with osteocytes was a constant and main ultrastructural feature. The viruses were found either in the osteoid or in the periosteocytic space of the bone lacunae. They arose from dense cytoplasmic areas located near the cell plasmalemma via a budding process. The newly budded virus particles often had a large tail or a fine stalk-like process lost in the extracellular space. The viruses underwent calcification by deposition of inorganic material and were incorporated in the bone trabeculae. No production of virus was observed in typical osteoclasts with well-differentiated ruffled borders. The viral-induced avian osteopetrosis seemed to result from increased bone deposition through stimulation of osteoblast and osteocyte activities, whereas osteoclastic bone resorption seemed to be undisturbed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 238-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentine ; Ultrastructure ; Tubule ; Tooth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude ultrastructurale de la dentine humaine périphérique, de couronnes dentaires de sujets âgés de 11 à 75 ans, a montré trois aspects principaux du contenu des canalicules en coupe transversale. Il s'agit de canalicules apparemment vides, de canalicules contenant un matériel organique annulaire et, enfin, de canalicules totalement remplis d'un matériel organique d'aspect granulaire ou hyalin. Aucune terminaison nerveuse n'est visible à ce niveau.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die ultrastrukturelle Untersuchung von peripherem menschlichem Zahnkronendentin bei Patienten im Alter von 11–75 Jahren hat drei Hauptaspekte des Inhaltes der Dentintubuli gezeigt. Sie bestehen bei transversalen Schnitten aus toten Gängen sowie beim Lumen der Tubuli entweder aus ringförmigen oder ganzausfüllenden Ablagerungen. Im äußeren Dentin wurden keine Nervenendigungen beobachtet.
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study of peripheral human coronal dentin in patients aged 11 to 75 years, has shown main aspects of the dentinal tubular content. In transverse sections, they consist of dead tracts and annular or solid content to the tubular lumen. No nerve endings were observed in the outer dentin.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 513-523 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Ca45 ; Autoradiography, Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le trasfert du Ca45 à travers la papille dentaire et la couche des ondontoblastes, vers la prédentine et la dentine, a été étudié par autoradiographie quantitative en microscopie électronique, au niveau de germes dentaires de chats nouveau-nés, après injection intraveineuse. Deux voies de transfert, d'importance sensiblement égale, ont pu être mises en évidence. La voie directe emprunte, à partir de la lumière des capillaires, les espaces intercellulaires de la papille dentaire et des odontoblastes, pour atteindre la dentine via la prédentine. La seconde voie consiste, après passage par les espaces extracellulaires de la papille dentaire, en un transfert intracellulaire par l'odontoblaste. Parmi les organelles, ce sont les mitochondries, puis l'appareil de Golgi qui sont progressivement les plus marqués à 5 min., 30 min. et 1 h. après injection intraveineuse. Le calcium diffuse dans le cytoplasme des prolongements odontoblastiques sans être associé aux vésicules denses allongés. A 6 heures, le maximum de radioactivité est observé dans la dentine intercanaliculaire et en particulier, au voisinage de la jonction émail-dentine.
    Notes: Summary Calcium transfer from the capillaries of the dental papilla to predentine and dentine has been studied by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography in toothgerms of newborn cats following intravenous injection of Ca45. Two transfer pathways of almost identical importance were demonstrated. The direct pathway from the capillaries followed the intercellular spaces of the dental papilla and between the odontoblasts to reach dentine via predentine. The second route involved passage through the intercellular spaces of the dental papilla, and then a transcellular transfer through the odontoblast. Of the odontoblast organelles, the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus were most heavily and progressively labelled at 5 min, 30 min. and 1 h. after intravenous injection. The calcium diffused throughout the cytoplasm of the odontoblast process without being associated with the dense elongated vesicles. At 6 hours, the maximum radioactivity was observed in the intertubular dentine, especially along the enamel-dentine junction.
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