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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Nature of “γ-FeO” (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 59 (1955), S. 340-343 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150526a015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The magnetic anisotropy and domain structure of permalloy antidot arrays (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6322-6324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of antidot arrays in permalloy films were studied using magnetic force microscopy (MFM), the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), and torque magnetometry. New observations of the magnetic domain structure, magnetization reversal process, and magnetic anisotropy are presented. Magnetic domains were imaged during magnetization reversal to identify the magnetization switching processes with the field applied along the diagonal and the edge of the hole mesh. A four-fold anisotropy related to the confinement of domains by the hole mesh was observed by torque magnetometry at intermediate fields. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372693
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple, high sensitivity torquemeter (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 2732-2734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple torquemeter has been developed with a sensitivity exceeding 10−13 Nm when using a 13-μm-diam glass fiber and a low-mass suspension. The maximum twist angle of the fiber is constrained by the choice of its diameter to ∼1°. This angle is measured using a light, mirror, and split silicon photodetector, and is proportional to the torque on a sample in a rotating dc magnetic field. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reptation and viscosity in particulate recording media in the time-limited switching regime : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5547-5549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurement of P, the percentage reduction in remanence after the application of 1≤n≤104 reverse field pulses of width 0.6 ns ≤ τ ≤9 ns, are reported for five particulate tape samples including γ-Fe2O3, Co-γFe2O3, Fe, and two different barium ferrites. For τ(approximately-greater-than)τc, P depended only on nτ. It increases quite rapidly at small values of nτ depending on the media and then at higher values of nτ approximately linearly with log(nτ). In the linear regime, the decrements δ (% change/decade) agree within experimental error with the quasistatic values obtained from viscosity measurements between 10 and 100 s. Considering the arbitrariness of the logarithmic assumption, it is remarkable that the decrement is the same over eleven orders of magnitude. The reduction in P at τ〈τc is evidence for time-limited switching as reported previously. However, the dependence of P on nτ for small nτ cannot be explained by the usual viscosity model but is consistent with reptation, a phenomenon suggested by Néel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355684
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of time-dependent magnetization and coercivity and of their relationship to print-through in recording tapes (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2918-2928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-dependent magnetic phenomena in oxide particulate recording materials are observed by measuring the change of magnetization with time in the presence of a constant field or by measuring the dependence of the hysteresis loop on the field sweep rate. Either type of experiment yields a measured value of the coercivity as a function of the characteristic measurement time. For a constant-field experiment, this time is simply the interval needed for the applied field to reduce the magnetization from saturation remanence to zero. A corresponding time, approximately inverse to the sweep rate, can be associated with the coercivity measured in a swept-field experiment. A time-dependence parameter that measures the strength of the dependence of magnetization on time at constant field and also that of coercivity on sweep rate in a swept-field experiment can be determined. This parameter can be interpreted, using simple kinetic theory, to estimate the volume of the magnetic switching unit. Volumes estimated in this way correlate reasonably well over 2 orders of magnitude with particle volumes determined by electron microscopy. The amount of print-through in recording tapes is found to correlate well with the time-dependence parameter for tapes made from a variety of iron oxide particles both with and without added cobalt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339373
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic viscosity in some alloys and particles (abstract) (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3779-3779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic viscosity describes the time-dependent changes in magnetization produced when a system is thermally activated over the energy barriers separating magnetic states. This behavior is usually modeled by calculating the time constants associated with surmounting the set of energy barriers. Néel suggested an alternative approach1 in which the Boltzmann energy kT was used to define a fluctuating internal field Hf, which assisted the crossing of the energy barriers. This fluctuating field has its origin in localized magnetization oscillations (i.e., spin-wave excitations). Some evidence for this model was recently noted2 in that maximum magnetic viscosity scaled with reduced temperature T/Tc for a variety of particulate recording materials. We have measured magnetic viscosity near Hc at 300 K in a number of permanent magnet alloys and recording media particles. All the samples showed a magnetization decay of the form M=Xirr(H0−H)+XirrSν ln t, where Xirr is the irreversible susceptibility, H0 and Sν are constants, and M, H, and t have their usual meanings. The scaling of the magnetic viscosity coefficient Sν with reduced temperature again suggests that Hf contributes to the magnetization change. However, the data also indicate that other parameters, e. g., the volume associated with a reversal event, are important factors in magnetic viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338641
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental demonstration of one-sided flux in magnetic recording tape (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4007-4009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that a magnetic tape can be magnetized so that the fringing field exists on only one side of the tape, a behavior predicted several years ago but never previously confirmed by direct experiment. This one-sided flux requires a tape specially produced to have equal remanence in any direction normal to the transverse axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338561
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An alternating-gradient magnetometer (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3940-3945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a type of vibrating-sample magnetometer capable of sensitivity exceeding 10−8 emu. The instrument is 1000 times more sensitive than a conventional VSM with comparable working space, and is much quicker to use than a SQUID magnetometer, which generates point-by-point data. The magnetic sample is mounted on the end of a cantilevered rod that incorporates a piezoelectric element. The sample is magnetized by a dc field (variable in magnitude), and is simultaneously subjected to a small alternating field gradient. The alternating field gradient exerts an alternating force on the sample, proportional to the magnitude of the field gradient and to the magnetic moment of the sample. The resulting deflection of the cantilever rod is measured by the voltage output of the piezoelectric element. By operating at or near a mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever, the output signal is greatly amplified. In practice, the operating frequency is 100–1000 Hz, with mechanical Q values of 25–250. Mechanical and acoustic noise in the environment limits the sensitivity. Measurements have been made with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 500 on a 25-μm sphere with a moment of 3.7×10−6 emu; this corresponds to a sensitivity of at least 10−8 emu. A complete hysteresis loop over ±10 kOe can be made in about 100 s. Measurements have been made over a temperature range from 77 to 400 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340582
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vertical force alternating-gradient magnetometer (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 839-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a modification of the alternating-gradient magnetometer that is especially suitable for measurements from 77 to 900 K. The gradient of the alternating field, and the resulting force on the sample are made perpendicular to the magnetization of the sample and a cantilevered piezoelectric sensing element can then be located in a constant temperature environment so that the mechanical resonant frequency and gain of the magnetometer are not influenced by changes in sample temperature. The instrument has a sensitivity of 10−8 emu/(Hz)1/2 for measuring small or weakly magnetic samples, but can easily be adapted to measure relatively massive or strongly magnetic samples. Samples weighing more than 1 g and magnetic moments above 1 emu have been measured. These limits can generally be raised by using heavy piezoelectric elements and extension fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Repair (1968)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 37 (1968), S. 175-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.37.070168.001135
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