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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 4 (1985), S. 265-284 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Magneto-optical devices based on Bragg diffraction of light by magnetostatic waves (MSWs) offer the potential of large time-bandwidth optical signal processing at microwave frequencies of 1 to 20 GHz and higher. A thin-film integrated-optical configuration, with the interacting MSW and guided-optical wave both propagating in a common ferrite layer, is necessary to avoid shape-factor demagnetization effects. The underlying theory of the MSW-optical interaction is outlined, including the development of expressions for optical diffraction efficiency as a function of MSW power and frequency, device geometry, materials properties, and other relevant parameters. Recent experimental observations of anisotropic Bragg diffraction and collinear TE↔TM mode conversion induced by MSWs in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films suggest that high-performance MSW integrated-optical devices are feasible. Diffraction levels as large as 4% (7-mm interaction length) and a modulation dynamic range of ∼30 db have been demonstrated. Potential signal processing applications are mentioned, including: spectrum analyzers, convolvers/correlators, deflectors, non-reciprocal optical isolators, and tunable narrowband optical filters. Advantages of these MSW-based devices over the analogous acousto-optical devices include: much greater operating frequencies, tuning through the MSW dispersion relation by varying either the rf frequency or the applied bias magnetic field, simple MSW transducer structures (e.g., a single stripline), and the potential for very high diffraction efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1982-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1976-09-20
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: The Nimbus-6 Satellite’s Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS) mapped the terrestrial surface continuously for eleven months at 22.2 and 31.6 GHz. A semi-empirical method was devised to process these observations of Greenland and Antarctica and to infer long-term snow accumulation rates; comparison with in situ data suggests the method is generally successful except in certain locations where re-melting is more likely.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: The Nimbus-6 Satellite’s Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS) mapped the terrestrial surface continuously for eleven months at 22.2 and 31.6 GHz. A semi-empirical method was devised to process these observations of Greenland and Antarctica and to infer long-term snow accumulation rates; comparison with in situ data suggests the method is generally successful except in certain locations where re-melting is more likely.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-04-09
    Description: Magneto-optical devices based on Bragg diffraction of light by magnetostatic waves (MSW's) offer the potential of large time-bandwidth optical signal processing at microwave frequencies of 1 to 20 GHz and higher. A thin-film integrated-optical configuration, with the interacting MSW and guided-optical wave both propagating in a common ferrite layer, is necessary to avoid shape-factor demagnetization effects. The underlying theory of the MSW-optical interaction is outlined, including the development of expressions for optical diffraction efficiency as a function of MSW power and other relevant parameters. Bradd diffraction of guided-optical waves by transversely-propagating magnetostatic waves and collinear TE/TM mode conversion included by MSW's have been demonstrated in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films. Diffraction levels as large as 4% (7 mm interaction length) and a modulation dynamic range of approx 30 dB have been observed. Advantages of these MSW-based devices over the analogous acousto-optical devices include: much greater operating frequencies, tunability of the MSW dispersion relation by varying either the RF frequency or the applied bias magnetic field, simple broad-band MSW transducer structures (e.g., a single stripline), and the potential for very high diffraction efficiencies.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Opt. Inform. Process. for Aerospace Appl. 2; p 249-261
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The 22.2- and 31.4-GHz channels of the microwave spectrometer on board the Nimbus 5 earth observatory satellite provide information about the global distribution and character of various types of snow and ice. Observations for the winter and summer of 1973 are presented for both polar regions. Well-defined spectral signatures are found for snow, sea ice, and land ice in Greenland and Antarctica. A simple model with subsurface temperature gradients in a lossy homogeneous dielectric does not account for the observations; internal scattering effects appear to play a dominant role.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Sept. 20
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Inhomogeneities beneath the lunar surface could alter the average microwave emission spectrum of the moon in a fashion generally consistent with observations, even in the absence of an average heat flux or density gradients with depth. The lunar subsurface was modeled as an inhomogeneous lossy dielectric with three-dimensional refractive-index fluctuations characterized by independent horizontal and vertical correlation lengths. The model suggests that attempts to infer the physical properties of the moon from the lunar microwave spectrum could be significantly inaccurate if subsurface scattering were neglected.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 32; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Three station keeping controllers have been developed which work to minimize displacement of a small outboard-powered vessel from a desired location. Each of these three controllers has a common initial layer that uses fixed-gain feedback control to calculate the desired heading of the vessel. A second control layer uses a common fixed-gain feedback controller to calculate the net forward thrust, one of two algorithms for controlling engine angle (Fixed-Gain Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) or PID with Adaptively Augmented Gains), and one of two algorithms for differential throttle control (Fixed-Gain PID and PID with Adaptive Differential Throttle gains), which work together to eliminate heading error. The three selected controllers are evaluated using a numerical simulation of a 33-foot center console vessel with twin outboards that is subject to wave, wind, and current disturbances. Each controller is tested for its ability to maintain position in the presence of three sets of environmental disturbances. These algorithms were tested with current velocity of 1.5 m/s, significant wave height of 0.5 m, and wind speeds of 2, 5, and 10 m/s. These values were chosen to model conditions a small vessel may experience in the Gulf Stream off of Fort Lauderdale. The Fixed-gain PID controller progressively got worse as wind speeds increased, while the controllers using adaptive methodologies showed consistent performance over all weather conditions and decreased heading error by as much as 20%. Thus, enhanced robustness to environmental changes has been gained by using an adaptive algorithm.
    Keywords: Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: M11-0274 , IEEE Oceans 2010; May 24, 2010 - May 27, 2010; Sydney; Australia
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The scanning microwave spectrometer (SCAMS) on the Nimbus-6 satellite continuously maps the terrestrial surface with a resolution of about 150 km at 22.235 and 31.400 GHz. SCAMS observes at six angles besides nadir, yielding brightness temperatures which are a function of the distribution and character of various types of snow and ice, including microstructure and subsurface profiles in refractive index, loss (moisture or salinity), and temperature. Spectral signatures exhibiting interesting topographical structure have been observed. To aid in the interpretation of these data, a model was developed to describe the propagation of microwave intensity in a scattering medium characterized by three-dimensional random fluctuations of refractive index in addition to nonrandom variations in permittivity, temperature, and loss. The model combines Maxwell's equations in the Born approximation with radiative-transfer theory; this approach yields the variation of intensity with polarization, direction, and position.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: COSPAR, Plenary Meeting; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 19, 1976; Philadelphia, PA
    Format: text
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