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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Frankfurt/Main : VAS
    Call number: PIK D 024-07-0271
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 205 S. , graph. Darst. , 21 cm
    ISBN: 388864335X
    Series Statement: Innovation in den Hochschulen: nachhaltige Entwicklung Bd. 6
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-12-15
    Description: High‐pressure (HP) X‐ray diffraction experiments at low temperature (LT) require dedicated instruments as well as non‐standard sample environments and measuring strategies. This is especially true when helium cryogenic temperatures below 80 K are targeted. Furthermore, only experiments on single‐crystalline samples provide the prerequisites to study subtle structural changes in the p–T phase diagram under extreme LT and HP conditions in greater detail. Due to special hardware requirements, such measurements are usually in the realm of synchrotron beamlines. This contribution describes the design of an LT/HP diffractometer (HTD2) to perform single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments using a laboratory source in the temperature range 400 〉 T 〉 2 K while applying pressures of up to 20 GPa.
    Description: The design and operation of a newly commissioned single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer (HTD2) are presented. The device enables experiments under simultaneous low‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions using a laboratory X‐ray source.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; HTD2 ; low temperature ; high pressure ; single crystals ; instrumentation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Topics in macroeconomics 6.2007, 3, art6 
    ISSN: 1534-5998
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An unresolved question concerning stochastic depreciation shocks is whether they have to be unrealistically large to have any useful role in a dynamic general equilibrium model economy, as Ambler and Paquet (1994) first suggested. We first consider implied depreciation rates from sectoral data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. These depreciation rates vary across time solely due to compositional changes within each sector. Hence, they tend to understate the range of fluctuation that would hold if the economic shelf life of capital varied endogenously as in Cooley et al. (1997). We find, however, that if depreciation rates follow a Markov switching process, a low variance of the depreciation rate is sufficient to allow a model economy to match the low correlation between hours worked and productivity observed in the data. White noise and autoregressive depreciation shocks, in contrast, require a counterfactually large variance in the depreciation rate to reduce the hours-productivity correlation. We also illustrate the level effects implied by nonlinear decision rules in simulations of dynamic general equilibrium models that include Markov switching parameters. Linear decision rules, in contrast, imply certainty equivalence and ignore the aversion that agents have to the skewed shock distributions that characterize Markov switching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 102 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cyperus rotundus L. is a monocotyledonous perennial weed, which forms large numbers of tubers during its vegetative growth. Since these tubers represent major sinks, source/sink interactions are more complex, and leaf senescence and proteolytic processes in this species may be different from the situation in the well-investigated annual crop plants characterized by monocarpic senescence. Judged by native PAGE and by inhibitor studies, three different aminopeptidases, one iminopeptidase, two or more carboxypeptidases and two or more different endopeptidases were present in mature green leaves. Exo- and endoproteolytic activities increased during the senescence of excised leaf segments. A marked change was observed in the endopeptidase pattern, since a cysteine proteinase activity was strongly induced during senescence of the segments. This endopeptidase was also found in naturally senescing leaves and may, therefore, participate in nitrogen salvage from these organs. An increase of different protease activities was demonstrated in leaf segments of C. rotundus in the presence of high carbohydrate levels. The mechanisms involved, and the importance of this phenomenon for the interaction between source/sink relations and senescence, remain to be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 672 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 163 (1969), S. 81-112 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Zur Beurteilung von Augenchimären wurde eine Normentafel über die Entwicklung der Augen vonBombina variegata, Hyla arborea undTriturus alpestris vom 2. bis zum 9. Tag nach Neurulation zusammengestellt. 2. Nach Transplantation der Augenbecheranlage entstanden 4 Typen von Chimärenaugen: Typ I, arteigener Spenderaugenbecher mit Wirtslinse. Typ II, Wirtslinse über Chimärenaugenbecher, der aus Spender- und Wirtsmaterial morphologisch und histologisch harmonisch zusammengesetzt ist. Typ III, Spender- und Wirtsaugenbecheranteile ganz von ihren Pigmentepithelien umgeben, zusammen einen morphologisch harmonischen Chimärenaugenbecher mit Wirtslinse bildend. Typ IV, Chimärenauge des Typs I neben einem verkleinerten Wirtsauge. 3. Die histologische Differenzierung des Augenbechers verläuft im Chimärenauge autonom. 4. Bei fehlender Linse verzögert sich die Differenzierung des Augenbechers. 5. Im chimärisch zusammengesetzten Auge differenziert sich die Wirtslinse vonTriturus normal, jene vonBombina leicht verzögert. 6. Nach Transplantation der Linsenanlage entstehen häufig mehrere Spender- und Wirtslinsen, was auf autonome Reaktion der artfremden Epidermen zurückgeführt werden kann. Chimärische Linsen oder einzelne Spenderlinsen treten selten auf. 7. Die Linsengröße im Chimärentyp I wird bestimmt durch die Größe und die Induktionskapazität des Augenbechers, die Dauer des Induktionskontaktes und die arttypische Größe des abgeschnürten Linsenbläschens. Das Linsenwachstum wird auf das arttypische Maß des Augenbechers beschränkt. Der Linsenindex der Augenchimären mitBombinabecher wird deshalb größer, derjenige von solchen mitTriturusbecher kleiner als bei artreinen Kontrollaugen. 8. Eine Wolffsche Linse kann sich in der linsenlosenBombinachimäre mitTriturusaugenbecher sehr früh bilden. Im vollständigen Chimärenauge wird Wolffsche Linsenregeneration durch dieBombinalinse verhindert. 9. Augenbechertransplantate vonTriturus inHyla undRana sowie Linsenektodermtransplantate vonTriturus inRana werden in primärer Unverträglichkeit ausgestoßen. In sekundärer Unverträglichkeit tritt imTrituruswirt die Degeneration des Augenbechers vonBombina vom 11. Tag an ein, vonHyla undRana schon früher. Bei vollständiger Bildung des Pigmentepithels kann das Implantat länger erhalten bleiben.
    Notes: Summary 1. In order to evaluate the development of the xenoplastic eye chimerae, stages of differentiation of the normal eye inBombina variegata, Hyla arborea andTriturus alpestris between the second and ninth day after neurulation have been worked out, and the results are summarized in Table 1. 2. Four types of chimeric eyes developed after transplantation of the eye-cup anlagen: type I, species-specific donor eye cup with a host lens; type II, host lens with a chimeric eye cup which was made of donor and host material, and appeared morphologically as well as histologically uniform; type III, host and donor parts of the eye cup were each surrounded by their own tapetum nigrum, but formed morphologically a chimeric eye cup of harmonious proportion with a host lens; type IV, chimeric eye of type I with, however, an additional diminished host eye. 3. The histological differentiation of the eye cup of the chimeric eye is autonomous. 4. In the absence of a lens the differentiation of the eye cup is retarded. 5. In chimeric eyes of type I the differentiation of theTriturus host lens is normal, whereas that of theBombina host lens shows a slight retardation. 6. After transplantation of the lens anlage several donor and host lenses have frequently been found, possibly due to the autonomous reactivity of the epidermis in the different species. Chimeric or donor lenses were of rare occurrence. 7. The lens size of chimeric eyes is determined by the size and inducing capacity of the eye cup, the duration of the inductive contact as well as the species-specific size of the lens vesicle. The species-specific dimension of the eye cup acts as a limiting factor to the growth of the lens. Thus, the lens index of chimeric eyes with aBombina eye cup is larger, whereas that of chimeric eyes with aTriturus eye cup appears smaller than the indices of the two control species. 8. If a lens is not induced, a Wolffian lens may develop inBombina hosts with aTriturs eye cup. In complete chimeric eyes the regeneration of a Wolffian lens is suppressed by theBombina lens. 9. Owing to the primary incompatibility eye cups transplanted fromTriturus toHyla andRana as well as lens epidermis transplanted fromTriturus toRana are expelled. As a reaction of the secondary incompatibilityBombina eye cups inTriturus hosts start to degenerate on the 11th day after transplantation. The degeneration of eye cups fromHyla andRana donors begins even earlier. If the tapetum nigrum is fully differentiated, the implant may remain longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 6 (1995), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Host-guest system ; space filling ; molecular packing ; solvent intercalation ; crystal environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When crystallized from appropriate solvents, the complex aqua-bis(dimethylglyoximato)nitrocobalt (III) may incorporate solvent molecules, thus forming a variety of mixed crystals. In the resulting host-guest crystals, the space groupP2l/m and the packing motif of the pure host compound are retained. Lattice constantsa andb remain essentially unaltered upon intercalation, whereasc and the monoclinic angleΒ depend largely on the clathrated guest. Space filling and intermolecular contacts are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 10 (1997), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Infinite-dimensional systems ; Discrete-time systems ; Robust stability ; Stability radii ; Banach lattices ; Positive systems ; Positive operators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We show that for infinite-dimensional discrete-time positive systems the complex and real stability radii coincide. Furthermore, we provide a simple formula for the complex stability radius of positive systems by the associated transfer function. We illustrate our results with an example dealing with a simple type of differential-difference equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Open economies review 7 (1996), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: central bank independence ; sacrifice ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Do countries with independent central banks enjoy lower output costs during disinflation? Credibility should allow independent central banks to adjust quicker and thereby suffer lower output costs. The objective of this study is to test the credibility hypothesis that countries with independent central banks suffer lower output losses over a disinflationary cycle than do countries with less independent central banks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational optimization and applications 17 (2000), S. 159-182 
    ISSN: 1573-2894
    Keywords: merit function ; complementarity problem ; variational inequality problem ; equation-based reformulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Merit functions have become important tools for solving various mathematical problems arising from engineering sciences and economic systems. In this paper, we are surveying basic principles and properties of merit functions and some of their applications. As a particular case we will consider the nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) and present a collection of different merit functions. We will also introduce and study a class of smooth merit functions for the NCP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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