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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Impacts of Foreign Trade in China, 1984–1989 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 23 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: An issue of heated debate in China is whether the current economic reforms would lead to greater regional inequalities. In this paper one aspect of the reforms, the open-door policy, is put into focus. Specifically, the analysis investigates how the effect of foreign trade on economic development differs across regions, and whether these regional variations have changed from 1984 to 1989. Based upon the expansion method, models that resolve both the spatial and temporal variations of a relationship are constructed and estimated. The results indicate that foreign trade benefits core provinces and major industrial regions more than other parts of China, but that these differences have diminished in 1989. These findings may be interpreted as evidence of some diffusion of growth from more developed to less developed regions. On the other hand, regional linkages and the mechanisms of diffusion are not well understood and they deserve more attention and research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1992.tb00576.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epi-3 Antirhine, Alcaloïde nouveau Extrait de Guettarda heterosepala (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 49 (1986), S. 1130-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50048a031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouveaux Alcaloïdes de Type Aspidofractinine Fonctionnalises en C-17, Extraits des Écorces de Tronc d'un Kopsia de Malaisie (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 51 (1988), S. 703-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50058a006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breakdown threshold and localized electron density in water induced by ultrashort laser pulses (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 2530-2536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical breakdown by ultrashort laser pulses in dielectrics presents an efficient method to deposit laser energy into materials that otherwise exhibit minimal absorption at low laser intensities. During optical breakdown, a high density of free electrons is formed in the material, which dominates energy absorption, and, in turn, the material removal rate during ultrafast laser-material processing. Classical models assume a spatially uniform electron population and constant laser intensity in the focal region, which results in time-dependent expressions only, i.e., the rate equations, to predict electron evolution induced by nanosecond and picosecond pulses. For femtosecond pulses, however, the small spatial extent of the pulse requires that the pulse propagation be considered, which results in an inhomogeneous plasma and localized electron formation during optical breakdown. In this work, a femtosecond breakdown model is combined with the classical rate equations to determine both time- and position-dependent electron density during femtosecond optical breakdown in water. The model exhibits good agreement when compared with experimental results. For other transparent or moderately absorbing dielectric media, the model also shows promise for determining the time- and position-dependent electron evolution induced by ultrashort laser pulses. Another interesting result is that the maximum electron density formed during femtosecond-laser-induced optical breakdown may exceed the conventional limit imposed by the plasma frequency. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1433929
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time precision concentration measurement for flowing liquid solutions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3864-3868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The precise, real-time measurement of liquid concentration is important in fundamental research, chemical analysis, mixing processes, and manufacturing, e.g., in the food and semiconductor industries. This work presents a laser-based, noninvasive technique to measure concentration changes of flowing liquids in real time. The essential components in the system include a 5 mW laser diode coupled to a single-mode optical fiber, a triangular optical cell, and a high-resolution beam position sensor. The instrument provides a large range of concentration measurement, typically 0%–100% for binary liquid mixtures, while providing a resolution on the order of 0.05% concentration or better. The experimental configuration is small, reliable, and inexpensive. Results are presented for NaCl and MgCl2 aqueous solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 25%, with very good agreement found between measured and true concentrations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288236
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of induction time and other properties in the recovery of coal from aqueous suspensions by agglomeration with heptane (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 3 (1989), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a021
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of CO on RuO2(110) at room temperature (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 10058-10062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: RuO2(110) surfaces were prepared by exposing Ru(0001) to 107 L of O2 at 700 K. Postexposure of O2 at 300 K resulted in an additional oxygen species (O-cus) adsorbed on coordinatively unsaturated Ru atoms (Ru-cus). The surface was then exposed to CO at 300 K and studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). It is demonstrated that CO is oxidized at 300 K through reaction with both the O-cus as well as with surface O-atoms held in bridge positions (O-bridge). Although—at room temperature—CO adsorbs intermediately on the Ru-cus atoms, it is stable only at the Ru atoms underneath the O-bridge after the latter has been reacted off. At room temperature only surface oxygen takes part in the CO oxidation and the oxygen-depleted surface can be restored by O2 exposure, so that under steady-state flow conditions an oxygen-deficient surface will exist whose stoichiometry will be determined by the ratio of partial pressures. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350817
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption and thermal dehydrogenation of ammonia on Ru(112¯1) (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 4306-4313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Adsorption and thermal dehydrogenation of NH3, adsorbed at 80 K on the open Ru(112¯1) surface, was studied using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). For the NH3 monolayer, a strong dipole-active mode is found at 15 meV which is newly assigned to Tz, the frustrated-translation mode perpendicular to the surface of NH3 bonding with the nitrogen atom to the Ru surface. Increasing the temperature, 70% of NH3 desorbs before a channel for dehydrogenation opens at about 280 K. The remaining 30% decomposes completely during further warming to 470 K. The dehydrogenation of NH3 gives rise to four peaks in the H2 TDS which are assigned to desorption of coadsorbed hydrogen at 220 K and three dehydrogenation reaction steps at 320, 360, and 420 K in accordance with HREELS. The reaction intermediates NH2 and NH are identified through HREELS. In a new interpretation NH2 is characterized by intense modes at 163 meV (rocking) and at 189 meV (scissoring). Using a maximum entropy algorithm six frequencies for ν(Ru–N) were resolved at 46, 50, 58, 61, 69, and 75 meV. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1390523
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrite-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Benzothiophene at Coal Liquefaction Conditions (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 19 (1980), S. 440-446 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i260075a019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRADE AND WAGE INEQUALITY: THE HONG KONG CASE (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  This paper examines the effects of Hong Kong–mainland China trade on the wage inequality in Hong Kong. Because of the large volume of trade and the large income disparity between these two regions, this empirical study provides a good test of the theories on North–South trade. The econometric analyses show that the relative wage between the skilled and unskilled workers in Hong Kong increased as the share of the volume of Hong Kong's trade with mainland China in Hong Kong's total trade volume rose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2004.00217.x
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