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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Quantifying parameters of bottlenose dolphin signature whistles (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 25 (2009): 976-986, doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00289.x.
    Description: Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) produce individually distinctive vocalizations called signature whistles, first described by Melba and David Caldwell (1965). The Caldwells observed that isolated, captive dolphins produced whistles with individually distinctive frequency contours, or patterns of frequency changes over time, and hypothesized that these whistles were used to transmit identity information (Caldwell and Caldwell 1965; Caldwell et al. 1990). Since the Caldwell’s work with isolated, captive dolphins, several studies have documented signature whistles in a variety of contexts, including free-swimming captive dolphins (e.g., Janik and Slater 1998; Tyack 1986), briefly restrained wild dolphins (e.g., Sayigh et al. 1990, 2007, Watwood et al. 2005), and free-ranging wild dolphins (e.g., Watwood 2003; Watwood et al. 2004, 2005; Buckstaff 2004; Cook et al. 2004). Janik and Slater (1998) demonstrated that signature whistles are used to maintain group cohesion, thus supporting the Caldwells’ hypothesis. Janik et al. (2006) verified experimentally that bottlenose dolphins respond to signature whistles produced by familiar conspecifics even after voice featured have been removed, reinforcing the notion that the contour of a signature whistle carries identity information.
    Description: This work was funded by a Protect Wild Dolphins grant from the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, issued to LSS and RSW.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence of a North Atlantic right whale calf (Eubalaena glacialis) born in northeastern U.S. waters (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 25 (2009): 462-477, doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00261.x.
    Description: The general temporal and geographical patterns of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) calving events have been clarified during the last quarter century of research (Kraus and Rolland 2007). Right whales give birth to a single calf every three to five years after a twelve- to thirteen-month gestation period (Best 1994; Kraus and Hatch 2001). Most calves are born between December and March in the coastal waters of the southeastern U.S., the only known calving ground for this species (Kraus et al. 2007; Winn et al. 1986). Although historical whaling records suggest that there were once two winter calving grounds, one off the southeastern U.S. and the other off northwestern Africa, it appears that only the former is still used today (Notarbartolo di Sciara et al. 1998; Reeves and Mitchell 1986; 1988). In the late winter, right whales leave the calving grounds and migrate to their foraging grounds off the northeastern U.S. and Canadian Maritimes. North Atlantic right whales can be found in Cape Cod and Massachusetts Bays throughout the late winter and early spring (Hamilton and Mayo 1990; Mayo and Marx 1990; Schevill et al. 1986), in the Great South Channel during mid-spring to early summer (Kenney et al. 1995), and in the Bay of Fundy (Kraus et al. 1982) and on the Scotian Shelf (Mitchell et al. 1986; Stone et al. 1988) during the summer and fall. Some individuals (mostly pregnant females and juveniles) return to the calving grounds off the southeastern U.S. in December and January, but the location of the rest of the population during those months is currently unknown (although recent evidence suggests that right whales are present in the Gulf of Maine and on the Scotian Shelf throughout the winter (Mellinger et al. 2007; T. Cole pers comm. ; S. Van Parijs pers comm. ).
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Low frequency vocalizations attributed to sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) (2011)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 (2008): 1339-1349, doi:10.1121/1.2945155.
    Description: Low frequency (〈100 Hz) downsweep vocalizations were repeatedly recorded from ocean gliders east of Cape Cod, MA in May 2005. To identify the species responsible for this call, arrays of acoustic recorders were deployed in this same area during 2006 and 2007. 70 h of collocated visual observations at the center of each array were used to compare the localized occurrence of this call to the occurrence of three baleen whale species: right, humpback, and sei whales. The low frequency call was significantly associated only with the occurrence of sei whales. On average, the call swept from 82 to 34 Hz over 1.4 s and was most often produced as a single call, although pairs and (more rarely) triplets were occasionally detected. Individual calls comprising the pairs were localized to within tens of meters of one another and were more similar to one another than to contemporaneous calls by other whales, suggesting that paired calls may be produced by the same animal. A synthetic kernel was developed to facilitate automatic detection of this call using spectrogram-correlation methods. The optimal kernel missed 14% of calls, and of all the calls that were automatically detected, 15% were false positives.
    Description: Funding was provided by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service and the WHOI Ocean Life Institute.
    Keywords: bioacoustics ; biocommunications ; zoology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Associations between North Pacific right whales and their zooplanktonic prey in the southeastern Bering Sea (2013)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 490 (2013): 267-284, doi:10.3354/meps10457.
    Description: Due to the seriously endangered status of North Pacific right whales Eubalaena japonica, an improved understanding of the environmental factors that influence the species’ distribution and occurrence is needed to better assess the effects of climate change and industrial activities on the population. Associations among right whales, zooplankton, and the physical environment were examined in the southeastern Bering Sea during the summers of 2008 and 2009. Sampling with nets, an optical plankton counter, and a video plankton recorder in proximity to whales as well as along cross-isobath surveys indicated that the copepod Calanus marshallae is the primary prey of right whales in this region. Acoustic detections of right whales from sonobuoys deployed during the cross-isobath surveys were strongly associated with C. marshallae abundance, and peak abundance estimates of C. marshallae in 2.5 m depth strata near a tagged right whale ranged as high as 106 copepods m-3. The smaller Pseudocalanus spp. was higher in abundance than C. marshallae in proximity to right whales, but significantly lower in biomass. High concentrations of C. marshallae occurred in both the surface and bottom layers of the highly stratified water column, but there was no evidence of diel vertical migration. Instead, occurrence of C. marshallae in the bottom layer was associated with elevated near-bottom light attenuance and chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting C. marshallae may aggregate at depth while feeding on resuspended phytodetritus. Despite the occasional presence of strong horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, no association was found between C. marshallae and either fronts or phytoplankton distribution.
    Description: This study was funded by the US Depart - ment of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS; now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management), through Interagency Agreement No. M07RG13267 (AKC 063) with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as part of the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program.
    Keywords: Eubalaena japonica ; Right whale ; Calanus marshallae ; Calanus glacialis ; Bering Sea ; Baleen whale ; Resuspension ; Phytodetritus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SINGAP: The European concept for negative ion acceleration in the ITER neutral injectors : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1045-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In contrast to the multiaperture–multigrid concept of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) injector reference design in which D− acceleration to 40 A, 1 MeV is achieved through seven grids containing 1280 apertures each, the European SINGAP (single gap–single aperture) concept proposes acceleration of 1280 preaccelerated (20–50 keV) beamlets to 1 MeV in a single step. During acceleration the beamlets are merged into 16 groups of 80 beamlets. These 16 so-called hyperbeamlets then emerge from an exit grid containing only 16 very large apertures. This concept is expected to reduce cost and increase the tolerance to mechanical errors and stray magnetic fields. The SINGAP physics is described here. The SINGAP beam optics is calculated to provide good beam transmission (86%) to the ITER. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430525
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long pulse operation of the KAMABOKO III negative ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1093-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The target performance for the KAMABOKO ion source on the MANTIS test bed in Cadarache is to accelerate a beam of D− with a current density of 200 A/m2 and 〈1 extracted electron per accelerated D− ion, at an injected power ranging between 1 and 2 kW per liter of source volume, at a source pressure of 0.3 Pa. For ITER, a continuous neutral beam must be assured for pulse lengths of 500 s, but beams of up to 3600 s are also envisaged. During the last campaign, continuous beam pulses of duration up to 1000 s were demonstrated both in hydrogen and in deuterium. In this article, the source performance, the effect of the plasma grid temperature for long pulse operation, and the limits of the present experimental setup are described. Additionally, the effect of changing the strength of the magnetic filter in the ion source on the extracted ion and electron currents and the beam transmission is reported. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431424
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of neutral beam heating to produce high performance fusion plasmas, including the injection of tritium beams into the Joint European Torus (JET)f| (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2468-2480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The neutral beam injection (NBI) system of the Joint European Torus (JET) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1985), Vol. 1, p. 11] has proved to be an extremely effective and flexible heating method capable of producing high performance plasmas and performing a wide range of related physics experiments. High fusion performance deuterium plasmas have been obtained in the hot-ion (HI) H-mode regime, using the central particle fueling and ion heating capabilities of the NBI system in low target density plasmas, and in the pellet enhanced plasma (PEP) H-mode regime, where the good central confinement properties of pellet fueled plasmas are exploited by additional heating and fueling as well as the transition to H mode. The HI H-mode configuration was used for the First Tritium Experiment (FTE) in JET in which NBI was used to heat the plasma using 14 D0 beams and, for the first time, to inject T0 using the two remaining beams. These plasmas had a peak fusion power of 1.7 MW from deuterium–tritium (D–T) fusion reactions. The capability for injection of a variety of beam species (H0, D0, 3He0, and 4He0) has allowed the study of confinement variation with atomic mass and the simulation of α-particle transport. Additionally, the use of the NBI system has permitted an investigation of the plasma behavior near the toroidal β limit over a wide range of toroidal field strengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860977
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aphototropic mutants of the moss Ceratodon purpureus with spectrally normal and with spectrally dysfunctional phytochrome (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Following UV mutagenesis of protonemal tissue of the moss Ceratodon purpureus we have isolated different aphototropic mutant lines that can be divided into two distinct classes. One class, represented by the line ptr1, shows characteristic features of phytochrome chromophore deficiency. ptrl shows negligible photoreversibility (〈5% of wild type), whereas immunoblots show normal apoprotein levels. The aphototropic phenotype could be partially restored with biliverdin, a precursor of the phytochrome chromophore. It was found that, whereas in wild type formation of Pfr leads to suppression of gravitropism, there is no such suppression ptrl. In addition, ptr1 shows lower chlorophyll levels than the wild type. These findings indicate that, as expected for a chromophore-deficient mutant, multiple phytochrome effects are lost. The other class of mutants, represented by the line ptr103, shows more specific effects. In this mutant, only phototropism is affected. Suppression of gravitropism, the content of chlorophyll and photoreversibility of phytochrome were similar to those of the wild type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00389.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Elemente der Entfernungsmitteilung im Tanz der Bienen (Apis mellifica) (1956)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 12 (1956), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The exact description of the temporal functions of all important movements during the wagtail-dance of bees is given. The frequency of the wagtail-movements amounts to 15 Hz. Their number per cycle depends upon the distance between bee-hive and feeding place. With the same accuracy the a.m. distance is shown either by the rhythm of cycle or by the number of wagtail-movements per cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02157377
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical approaches to the study of plant-fungal interactions in arbuscular mycorrhiza (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 919-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; abscisic acid ; carotenoid ; Glomus ; nitrate reductase ; mycorradicin ; sterols ; yellow pigment in mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This communication compares some biochemical methods for quantifying colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The degree of mycorrhizal colonization can conveniently be measured by determining fungal specific sterols. AM-colonized plants show a specific synthesis of 24-methylene cholesterol and an enhanced level of campesterol (=24-methyl cholesterol). A gene probe for nitrate reductase, the key enzyme for nitrogen assimilation, has been developed, which allows the monitoring of the distribution of this enzyme in fungi. Among the phytohormones tested, only abscisic acid (ABA) is found at a considerably higher level in AM-colonized plants than in controls. The concentration of ABA is about twenty times higher in spores and hyphae of the AM fungusGlomus than in maize roots. Other phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins) do not show such alterations after mycorrhizal colonization. The roots of gramineous plants become yellow as a result of mycorrhizal colonization. The yellow pigment(s) formed is (are) deposited in larger quantities in the vacuole(s) of the root parenchyma and endodermis cells during the development of the gramineous plants. A substance isolated from such roots has now been identified as a C-14 carotenoid with two carboxylic groups, and named mycorradicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923479
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