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  • 1
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    Shake it easy: a gently mixed continuous culture system for dinoflagellates (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Stable carbon isotope fractionation of organic cyst-forming dinoflagellates: Evaluating the potential for a CO2 proxy (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7037
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9533
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Combined Effects of Ocean Acidification and Light or Nitrogen Availabilities on 13C Fractionation in Marine Dinoflagellates (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Electronic ISSN: 1932-6203
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Public Library of Science
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Effects of ocean acidification on primary production in a coastal North Sea phytoplankton community (2017)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-08
    Electronic ISSN: 1932-6203
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Public Library of Science
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Effects of ocean acidification on primary production in a coastal North Sea phytoplankton community (2017)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 12 (3). e0172594.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: We studied the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on a coastal North Sea plankton community in a long-term mesocosm CO2-enrichment experiment (BIOACID II long-term mesocosm study). From March to July 2013, 10 mesocosms of 19 m length with a volume of 47.5 to 55.9 m3 were deployed in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. CO2 concentrations were enriched in five mesocosms to reach average CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) of 760 μatm. The remaining five mesocosms were used as control at ambient pCO2 of 380 μatm. Our paper is part of a PLOS collection on this long-term mesocosm experiment. Here, we here tested the effect of OA on total primary production (PPT) by performing 14C-based bottle incubations for 24 h. Furthermore, photoacclimation was assessed by conducting 14C-based photosynthesis-irradiance response (P/I) curves. Changes in chlorophyll a concentrations over time were reflected in the development of PPT, and showed higher phytoplankton biomass build-up under OA. We observed two subsequent phytoplankton blooms in all mesocosms, with peaks in PPT around day 33 and day 56. OA had no significant effect on PPT, except for a marginal increase during the second phytoplankton bloom when inorganic nutrients were already depleted. Maximum light use efficiencies and light saturation indices calculated from the P/I curves changed simultaneously in all mesocosms, and suggest that OA did not alter phytoplankton photoacclimation. Despite large variability in time-integrated productivity estimates among replicates, our overall results indicate that coastal phytoplankton communities can be affected by OA at certain times of the seasonal succession with potential consequences for ecosystem functioning.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 6
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    Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Enrichment of the oceans with CO2 may be beneficial for some marine phytoplankton, including harmful algae. Numerous laboratory experiments provided valuable insights into the effects of elevated pCO(2) on the growth and physiology of harmful algal species, including the production of phycotoxins. Experiments close to natural conditions are the next step to improve predictions, as they consider the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that can confound the direct effects of ocean acidification. We therefore investigated the effect of ocean acidification on the occurrence and abundance of phycotoxins in bulk plankton samples during a long-term mesocosm experiment in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, an area frequently experiencing harmful algal blooms. During the experimental period, a total of seven phycotoxin-producing harmful algal genera were identified in the fjord, and in accordance, six toxin classes were detected. However, within the mesocosms, only domoic acid and the corresponding producer Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed. Despite high variation within treatments, significantly higher particulate domoic acid contents were measured in the mesocosms with elevated pCO(2). Higher particulate domoic acid contents were additionally associated with macronutrient limitation. The risks associated with potentially higher phycotoxin levels in the future ocean warrants attention and should be considered in prospective monitoring strategies for coastal marine waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 7
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    Combined effects of ocean acidification and light or nitrogen availabilities on 13C fractionation in marine dinoflagellates (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hoins, Mirja; Eberlein, Tim; Großmann, Christian H; Brandenburg, Karen; Reichart, Gert-Jan; Rost, Björn; Sluijs, Appy; Van de Waal, Dedmer B (2016): Combined effects of ocean acidification and light or nitrogen availabilities on 13C fractionation in marine dinoflagellates. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0154370, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154370
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Along with increasing oceanic CO2 concentrations, enhanced stratification constrains phytoplankton to shallower upper mixed layers with altered light regimes and nutrient concentrations. Here, we investigate the effects of elevated pCO2 in combination with light or nitrogen-limitation on 13C fractionation (epsilon p) in four dinoflagellate species. We cultured Gonyaulax spinifera and Protoceratium reticulatum in dilute batches under low-light (LL) and high-light (HL) conditions, and grew Alexandrium fundyense and Scrippsiella trochoidea in nitrogen-limited continuous cultures (LN) and nitrogen-replete batches (HN). The observed CO2-dependency of epsilon p remained unaffected by the availability of light for both G. spinifera and P. reticulatum, though at HL epsilon p was consistently lower by about 2.7 per mil over the tested CO2 range for P. reticulatum. This may reflect increased uptake of (13C-enriched) bicarbonate fueled by increased ATP production under HL conditions. The observed CO2-dependency of epsilon p disappeared under LN conditions in both A. fundyense and S. trochoidea. The generally higher epsilon p under LN may be associated with lower organic carbon production rates and/or higher ATP:NADPH ratios. CO2-dependent epsilon p under non-limiting conditions has been observed in several dinoflagellate species, showing potential for a new CO2-proxy. Our results however demonstrate that light- and nitrogen-limitation also affect epsilon p, thereby illustrating the need to carefully consider prevailing environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Alexandrium fundyense; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a per cell; Chromista; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gonyaulax spinifera; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis; Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Macro-nutrients; Myzozoa; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protoceratium reticulatum; Registration number of species; Salinity; Scrippsiella trochoidea; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1008 data points
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  • 8
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    Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Eberlein, Tim; Van de Waal, Dedmer B; Brandenburg, Karen; John, Uwe; Voss, Maren; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Rost, Björn (2016): Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 543, 127-140, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11568
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Global climate change involves an increase in oceanic CO2 concentrations as well as thermal stratification of the water column, thereby reducing nutrient supply from deep to surface waters. Changes in inorganic carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) availability have been shown to affect marine primary production, yet little is known about their interactive effects. To test for these effects, we conducted continuous culture experiments under N limitation and exposed the bloom-forming dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella trochoidea and Alexandrium fundyense (formerly A. tamarense) to CO2 partial pressures ( pCO2) ranging between 250 and 1000 µatm. Ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC) to organic nitrogen (PON) were elevated under N limitation, but also showed a decreasing trend with increasing pCO2. PON production rates were highest and affinities for dissolved inorganic N were lowest under elevated pCO2, and our data thus demonstrate a CO2-dependent trade-off in N assimilation. In A. fundyense, quotas of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were lowered under N limitation, but the offset to those obtained under N-replete conditions became smaller with increasing pCO2. Consequently, cellular toxicity under N limitation was highest under elevated pCO2. All in all, our observations imply reduced N stress under elevated pCO2, which we attribute to a reallocation of energy from C to N assimilation as a consequence of lowered costs in C acquisition. Such interactive effects of ocean acidification and nutrient limitation may favor species with adjustable carbon concentrating mechanisms and have consequences for their competitive success in a future ocean.
    Keywords: Alexandrium fundyense; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate per chlorophyll a; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell biovolume; Cell density; Cell density, standard deviation; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a per cell; Chromista; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gonyautoxins 1/4; Gonyautoxins 1/4, standard deviation; Gonyautoxins 2/3; Gonyautoxins 2/3, standard deviation; Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Macro-nutrients; Myzozoa; Neosaxitoxin; Neosaxitoxin, standard deviation; Neurotoxin saxitoxin; Neurotoxin saxitoxin, standard deviation; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phytoplankton; Registration number of species; Replicate; Salinity; Scrippsiella trochoidea; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Toxicity, cellular; Toxicity, cellular, standard deviation; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 880 data points
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  • 9
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    Impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin content and composition in Alexandrium tamarense (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Van de Waal, Dedmer B; Eberlein, Tim; John, Uwe; Wohlrab, Sylke; Rost, Björn (2014): Impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin content and composition in Alexandrium tamarense. Toxicon, 78, 58-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.11.011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect primary producers. Here we investigated the impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin (PST) content and composition in two strains of Alexandrium tamarense, Alex5 and Alex2. Experiments were carried out as dilute batch to keep carbonate chemistry unaltered over time. We observed only minor changes with respect to growth and elemental composition in response to elevated pCO2. For both strains, the cellular PST content, and in particular the associated cellular toxicity, was lower in the high CO2 treatments. In addition, Alex5 showed a shift in its PST composition from a nonsulfated analogue towards less toxic sulfated analogues with increasing pCO2. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that the ability of A. tamarense to maintain cellular homeostasis is predominantly regulated on the post-translational level rather than on the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, genes associated to secondary metabolite and amino acid metabolism in Alex5 were down-regulated in the high CO2 treatment, which may explain the lower PST content. Elevated pCO2 also induced up-regulation of a putative sulfotransferase sxtN homologue and a substantial down-regulation of several sulfatases. Such changes in sulfur metabolism may explain the shift in PST composition towards more sulfated analogues. All in all, our results indicate that elevated pCO2 will have minor consequences for growth and elemental composition, but may potentially reduce the cellular toxicity of A. tamarense.
    Keywords: Alexandrium tamarense; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, production per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Category; Cell density; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total, standard deviation; Chromista; Coulometric titration; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2, standard deviation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene abundance; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Gonyautoxins 1/4; Gonyautoxins 1/4, standard deviation; Gonyautoxins 2/3; Gonyautoxins 2/3, standard deviation; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Neosaxitoxin; Neosaxitoxin, standard deviation; Neurotoxin saxitoxin; Neurotoxin saxitoxin, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Salinity; Single species; Species; Strain; Table; Temperature, water; Time in days; Toxicity, cellular; Toxicity, cellular, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6500 data points
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  • 10
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    EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON THE ECO-PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCAREOUS AND TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATES (2013)
    In:  EPIC3Third International Symposium in the Ocean in a High-CO2 world, Monterey Bay, 2012-09
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The consequences of ocean acidification (OA) on marine phytoplankton have been intensively studied ranging from cellular to ecosystem level. These investigations, however, almost exclusively focused on coccolithophores and diatoms. Dinoflagellates also represent an important group of phytoplankton, featuring the photosynthetic key enzyme type II RubisCO, with very low affinities for its substrate CO2. Hence, we expect this group to be particularly sensitive to changes in CO2 concentrations. In this study, we therefore investigated the impact of OA on the eco-physiology of two dinoflagellate species, the calcareous Scrippsiella trochoidea and the toxic Alexandrium tamarense, by using dilute batch incubations over a range of CO2 levels. Our results show that with rising pCO2, growth rates and chlorophyll a contents remained relatively unaltered, but also species-specific differences were observed. For instance, Scrippsiella displayed a strong decrease in organic carbon production, and Alexandrium showed a shift in its toxin profile towards less toxic variants under elevated CO2. To understand these eco-physiological responses, several aspects of inorganic carbon (Ci) acquisition were investigated by means of membrane-inlet mass spectrometry. Both species featured efficient carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), which in Scrippsiella was further facilitated by a high carbonic anhydrase activity. In Scrippsiella, maximum photosynthetic rates increased while Ci affinities decreased. Interestingly, in Alexandrium the opposite response pattern was observed. Our results show that dinoflagellate species have different strategies to adjust their Ci acquisition, which may enable them to keep their growth rates unaffected over a range of CO2 levels.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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    PAPER (OA)
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