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    Cohesin mediates transcriptional insulation by CCCTC-binding factor (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: Cohesin complexes mediate sister-chromatid cohesion in dividing cells but may also contribute to gene regulation in postmitotic cells. How cohesin regulates gene expression is not known. Here we describe cohesin-binding sites in the human genome and show that most of these are associated with the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a zinc-finger protein required for transcriptional insulation. CTCF is dispensable for cohesin loading onto DNA, but is needed to enrich cohesin at specific binding sites. Cohesin enables CTCF to insulate promoters from distant enhancers and controls transcription at the H19/IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) locus. This role of cohesin seems to be independent of its role in cohesion. We propose that cohesin functions as a transcriptional insulator, and speculate that subtle deficiencies in this function contribute to 'cohesinopathies' such as Cornelia de Lange syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wendt, Kerstin S -- Yoshida, Keisuke -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Bando, Masashige -- Koch, Birgit -- Schirghuber, Erika -- Tsutsumi, Shuichi -- Nagae, Genta -- Ishihara, Ko -- Mishiro, Tsuyoshi -- Yahata, Kazuhide -- Imamoto, Fumio -- Aburatani, Hiroyuki -- Nakao, Mitsuyoshi -- Imamoto, Naoko -- Maeshima, Kazuhiro -- Shirahige, Katsuhiko -- Peters, Jan-Michael -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):796-801. doi: 10.1038/nature06634. Epub 2008 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; Consensus Sequence/genetics ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Mothers ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Wapl is an essential regulator of chromatin structure and chromosome segregation (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-27
    Description: Mammalian genomes contain several billion base pairs of DNA that are packaged in chromatin fibres. At selected gene loci, cohesin complexes have been proposed to arrange these fibres into higher-order structures, but how important this function is for determining overall chromosome architecture and how the process is regulated are not well understood. Using conditional mutagenesis in the mouse, here we show that depletion of the cohesin-associated protein Wapl stably locks cohesin on DNA, leads to clustering of cohesin in axial structures, and causes chromatin condensation in interphase chromosomes. These findings reveal that the stability of cohesin-DNA interactions is an important determinant of chromatin structure, and indicate that cohesin has an architectural role in interphase chromosome territories. Furthermore, we show that regulation of cohesin-DNA interactions by Wapl is important for embryonic development, expression of genes such as c-myc (also known as Myc), and cell cycle progression. In mitosis, Wapl-mediated release of cohesin from DNA is essential for proper chromosome segregation and protects cohesin from cleavage by the protease separase, thus enabling mitotic exit in the presence of functional cohesin complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tedeschi, Antonio -- Wutz, Gordana -- Huet, Sebastien -- Jaritz, Markus -- Wuensche, Annelie -- Schirghuber, Erika -- Davidson, Iain Finley -- Tang, Wen -- Cisneros, David A -- Bhaskara, Venugopal -- Nishiyama, Tomoko -- Vaziri, Alipasha -- Wutz, Anton -- Ellenberg, Jan -- Peters, Jan-Michael -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):564-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12471. Epub 2013 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatids/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; *Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Interphase ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Prophase ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Separase
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
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