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  • 1
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    Intermittency of Small-Scale Structure (1969)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1969-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    A numerical study of global axisymmetric states and their stability to quasi-geostrophic disturbances (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A steady, axisymmetric model of the general circulation is developed as a basis for climate stability studies. The model includes the effects of heating, rotation, and internal friction, but neglects topography. It is assumed that the axisymmetric flow may be modeled by making the Boussinesq and deep convection approximations. The hydrostatic assumption is not made, thus permitting the advective terms to be included in the vertical equation of motion. The initial set of five primitive equations is reduced to three equations in terms of the zonal velocity, meridional streamfunction, and the potential temperature perturbation. The application of the Boussinesq, deep convection, and quasi-geostrophic assumptions limits the ranges of the heating and rotation rates. For values not too far from typical atmospheric values, the model produces a stability boundary separating Hadley from Rossby flow. The boundary is characterized by a particular value of vertical wind shear, which suggests that baroclinic instability is the primary mechanism for the loss of stability. The initial growth rates are largest for longitudinal waves 4-7, also in agreement with studies of baroclinic instability.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Util. of Satellite Data and Dyn. in Understanding and Predicting Global Weather Phenomena; p 167-222
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The use of satellite data in understanding and predicting convective and large-scale dynamical processes (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A two-layer truncated baroclinic spectral model was developed to study the long-term evolution of disturbances to a baroclinically unstable mean flow. Topography and crudely-parameterized radiative processes were accounted for. As a result of Robert Schlaak's discovery of the underlying barotropic nature of the index oscillation as well as reviewers suggestions about the original manuscript, the model has been revised to allow for barotropic as well as baroclinic wave-mean flow interactions. The form-drag exerted by the topography on the barotropic part of the mean flow is larger than on the baroclinic part and thus researchers anticipate significant changes from the original calculations on the index oscillation when it is strongly modulated by topography. Researchers believe that since the index oscillation accounts for a significant portion of atmospheric temporal variance, the long term predictability could be improved if reliable forecasts of the index oscillation were available. Two spectral models of the index oscillation, one barotropic and the other baroclinic, have been developed. The latter allows for moisture, radiation, land-sea temperature countrasts, and energy exchanges with the underlying surface.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 2 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    On the nonlinear characteristics of the axisymmetric flow regime: Cylindrical and spherical systems (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The physical relationship between steady axisymmetric flows that might be observed in the atmosphere and in laboratory vessels is investigated theoretically. This is accomplished by comparing both the nonlinear structure and the thermal forcing mechanisms in two truncated spectral models of flow in the atmosphere and the rotating laboratory cylinder, respectively. Under statically stable conditions, the response of the internally forced spherical model (which is developed here from a set of new orthonormal basis functions) exhibits steady behavior different from that in the externally forced cylindrical model. Two regions of multiple steady solutions occur in the cylindrical model, under stable conditions, that are not found in the spherical one. The possible physical relevance of these multiple solutions is investigated by determining their location in parameter space with respect to the classical Hadley-Rossby transition curve. The results suggest that the wave flow regime, in an annulus, might develop catastrophically when an upper symmetric flow ceases to exist.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Util. of Satellite Data and Dyn. in Understanding and Predicting Global Weather Phenomena; p 319-389
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Space shuttle external tank performance improvements: The challenge (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The external tank (ET) has been actively involved in performance improvements since the inception of the space shuttle program, primarily by weight savings. Weight savings were realized on the first block of flight articles (standard weight tank). With a need for further performance improvements, the ET Program Office was requested to develop a program to reduce tank weight an additional 6000 lb and schedule delivery of the first lightweight ET (LWT) for June 1982. The weight savings program was accomplished by: (1) a unique approach to use of factors of safety; (2) design optimization; and (3) redesign of structures with large margins of safety which resulted in an actual weight savings of 7294 lb. Additional studies have identified further weight savings which are to be implemented at appropriate times in production flow. Examples are an improved thermal protection system for the LH2 tank aft dome and reduction of slosh baffles in the LO2 tank based on flight data. All performance improvements were compared and selected based on non-recurring and recurring cost and technical risk.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Space Shuttle Tech. Conf., Pt. 1; p 357-364
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    The use of satellite data in understanding and predicting convective and large-scale dynamical processes (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Mesoscale convective processes and how they affect and interact with mid-latitude cyclones were studied. The ageostrophic and associated vertical motion field was calculated using a highly accurate iterative method of solving the semigeostrophic omega equation. The tendencies for convective destabilization in the 850-750 mb layer due to differential geostrophic and ageostrophic advection and differential moist adiabatic ascent, were found. The spectral models of the index oscillation, one barotropic and the other baroclinic, were developed. Theoretical and observational studies of cloud streets were conducted.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 41-45
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Predicting the earth's future (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The development of earth system models that will simulate the past and present and provide predictions of future conditions is essential now that human activities have the potential to induce changes in the planetary environment. Critical aspects of global change include its pervasiveness and ubiquity, its distribution in several distinct time-scale bands, and the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, and the terrestrial and marine biospheres. A model of the earth system on the scale of decades to centuries, developed by the Earth System Science Committee (NASA) with the strategy of dividing by time scale rather than discipline, is presented and the requirements for observations to support the implementation of the model are reviewed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: IAF PAPER 86-406
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Prospects for prediction of zonal wind oscillations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The existence of an index cycle, a quasi-periodic oscillation in the strength of the zonal wind intensity, would offer the possibility of predicting an important atmospheric feature over the period of at least one oscillation. To determine whether such a cycle exists, daily time series of several different atmospheric variables for the period November 1-April 30 for 1974-1977 were assembled. Here, the height of the 500 mb surface at latitudes 60 N and 30 N is considered. It is shown that (1) there is evidence that an index cycle exists, (2) there is theoretical reason to expect multiply periodic atmospheric flow patterns, and (3) a relatively simple, dynamically sound prediction scheme can be proposed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Bifurcations from stationary to periodic solutions in a low-order model of forced, dissipative barotropic flow (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The considered investigation is concerned with periodic solutions in the context of a forced, dissipative, barotropic spectral model truncated to three complex coefficients with constant forcing on only the intermediate scale. It is found that determining a periodic solution of this three-coefficient model also reduces to finding the algebraic roots of a real polynomial. In the derivation of this polynomial, a class of hydrodynamic spectral systems is described for which a periodic solution might be similarly specified. The existence of periodic solutions of the three-coefficient model is controlled by the roots of the stability polynomial of the basic stationary solution, which represents the simplest response to the constant forcing. When the forcing exceeds a critical value, the basic solution becomes unstable. Owing to the nature of the roots of the stability polynomial at critical forcing, bifurcation theory guarantees the existence of a periodic solution.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; Apr. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Investigation of the turbulent wind field below 150-meter altitude at the eastern test range (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Statistical effects of wind and atmospheric turbulence on launch vehicles
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-1410
    Format: application/pdf
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