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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutants in a mosaic gene reveal functions for introns (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 282 (1979), S. 777-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two years ago molecular geneticists discovered an unexpected organisation for eukaryotic genes: the DNA sequences that specify the primary structure of the gene product (often called exons1) are interrupted by other base sequences (called introns or intervening sequences). The origin and the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/282777a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic redundancy and gene fusion in the genome of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : functional characterization of a three-member gene family involved in the thiamine biosynthetic pathway (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Redundancy is a salient feature of all living organisms' genome. The yeast genome contains a large number of gene families of previously uncharacterized functions that can be used to explore the functional significance of structural redundancy in a systematic manner. In this work, we describe results on a three-member gene family with moderately divergent sequences (YOL055c, YPL258c and YPR121w ). We demonstrate that two members are isofunctional and encode a hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) kinase (EC 2.7.4.7), an activity required for the final steps of thiamine biosynthesis, whose genes were not previously known in yeast. In addition, we show that the three genes are each composed of two distinct domains, each corresponding to individual genes in prokaryotes, suggesting gene fusion during evolution. The function of the carboxy-terminal part of the proteins is not yet understood, but it is not required for HMP-P kinase activity. Expression of all three genes is regulated in the same way. Several other examples of gene fusions exist in the same biosynthetic pathway when eukaryotic genes are compared with prokaryotic ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01412.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telomere length control and transcriptional regulation of subtelomeric adhesins in Candida glabrata (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is able to bind in vitro to human epithelial cells. This interaction depends on expression of the adhesin Epa1p. The genome contains a number of EPA1 paralogues which localize to the subtelomeric regions of the C. glabrata. We have identified three hyperadherent mutants of C. glabrata. The first has an insertion adjacent to EPA7, an EPA1-related adhesin. The others disrupt the SIR3 and RIF1 genes of C. glabrata. We show that SIR3 and RIF1 are required for subtelomeric silencing in C. glabrata and that RIF1 regulates telomere length in C. glabrata. We show that the hyperadherent phenotype of the sir3Δ and rif1Δ deletion strains depends primarily on derepression of two novel members of the EPA gene family –EPA6 and EPA7. The sir3Δ and rif1Δ mutants show increased colonization of the kidney in a murine model of disseminated infection and this hypercolonization depends, at least in part, on derepression of EPA6 and EPA7. The analysis here is the first evidence that multiple EPA genes encode adhesins and demonstrates that transcription of at least two of these adhesins is regulated by subtelomeric silencing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04465.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervasiveness of Gene Conservation and Persistence of Duplicates in Cellular Genomes (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 591-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Ancestral duplication — Ancestral Conservation — Organism-specific open reading frames — Sequence extinction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In this work detailed statistics on ancestral gene duplication and gene conservation in completely sequenced cellular genomes are presented. Analysis of open reading frame (ORF) products having simultaneous matches in several distinct organisms showed a significant correlation between duplication and conservation. Systematic comparisons of predicted proteomes of 23 organisms (including 20 that have been completely sequenced), have allowed us to quantify the degree of ancestral duplication within each genome and the level of conservation between genomes, using threshold values calculated for individual organisms. Statistical analysis of various gene proportions revealed interesting trends in gene structure and evolution, such as that (a) more than one-quarter (25%–66%) of the predicted ORF products of the surveyed organisms are not unique, indicating a high level of ancestral duplications; (b) levels of exclusive conservation within Bacteria are higher than those within the eukaryal or archaeal domains; and (c) at least one-half (47–99%) of the total predicted ORF products in the surveyed genomes have one or several highly significant matches in another genome. Significant matches are based on simulations taking into account the mean size of ORF products and the composition of each target organism's proteome. The methodology we have developed ensures stability and comparability of our results as the number of completely sequenced genomes increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006580
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA repairs double-strand breaks in yeast chromosomes (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells proposes that genetic information can be transferred from mitochondria to the nucleus of a cell, and genes that are probably of mitochondrial origin have been found in nuclear chromosomes. Occasionally, short or rearranged ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/47076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the DNA sequence of a region showing homology with mammalian URF2 (1984)
    Springer
    Current genetics 9 (1984), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA of an alga ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; DNA sequence ; URF2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 1.27 kb DNA fragment of the 15 kb DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been cloned and sequenced. A 906 bp long open reading frame was found showing homology with the URF2 genes of mammals and insects. This homology is functional evidence for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 15 kb DNA representing indeed mitochondrial DNA. This is the first report of an URF2 gene in mitochondria of a photosynthetic organism. The absence of a TGA codon within the gene suggests that it is used as stop codon like in higher plants and not as tryptophan like in animal and fungal mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II genes, the ATPase9 gene, the NADH dehydrogenase ND4L and ND5 gene complex, and the glutaminyl, methionyl and arginyl tRNA genes from Trichophyton rubrum (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: ATPase 9 ; Cytochrome oxidase ; DNA nucleotide sequence ; Intron ; Mitochondria ; NADH dehydrogenase ; tRNA ; Trichophyton rubrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we present the nucleotide sequence of a 5248 bp-long region of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. This region which represents about 1/4 of the total mt genome of this species reveals a compact organization of genes including: the glutaminyl tRNA, the methionyl tRNA, the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene, the arginyl tRNA, the mitochondrial version of the ATPase subunit 9 gene, the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene and a part of the NADH dehydrogenase ND4L and ND5 gene “complex”. The main features of the part of mt DNA sequenced is the non-interrupted COXI gene and the presence in the mitochondrial version of the ATPase 9 gene of a small group IA intron. The extensive amino-acid sequence similarity with the equivalent gene in Aspergillus nidulans and neuropora crassa indicates that this gene codes for a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding protein. The conserved arrangement of this portion of the mt genome and the presence of tRNAs between the protein-coding genes are compatible with a large polycistronic transcript processed by the excision of tRNAs, or similar secondary structures, as proposed for other fungal or mammalian mt DNAS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351730
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the structure of the ends of the linear 15.8-kb genome suggests mechanisms for DNA replication (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 24 (1993), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Linear mitochondrial genome ; Terminal inverted repeats ; Internal repeats of terminal sequences ; Long 3′ single-stranded extensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a linear double-stranded DNA of 15.8 kb. With the exception of the termini its DNA sequence has been published. Here we describe the unique structure of the two termini determined from cloned fragments or, for the very terminal sequences, by the Maxam and Gilbert method after 5′ labeling of uncloned terminal fragments. The 15.8-kb DNA is characterized by terminal inverted repeats of 531 or 532 bp in length including long 3′ extensions. The 3′ single-stranded extensions of the left and right ends are non-complementary, identical in sequence, and comprise 39 to 41 nucleotides. Remarkably, the linear genome possesses in addition an internal 86-bp repeat of the two outermost sequences. The unusual structure of the 15.8-kb DNA termini is compared with those of other linear mitochondrial DNAs. Possible mechanisms of 15.8-kb DNA replication are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351798
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intron of the mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene: Distribution in different yeast species and sequence comparison between Kluyveromyces thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 192 (1983), S. 487-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have screened numerous different yeast species for the presence of sequences homologous to the intron of the mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (intron r1) and found them in all Kluyveromyces species, some of the Saccharomyces species and none of the other yeasts tested. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the r1-intron in K. thermotolerans and compared it with that of S. cerevisiae. The two introns are inserted at the same position within the 21S rRNA gene. They contain homologous internal open reading frames (ORFs) initiated at the same AUG codon which can be aligned over their entire length. Several silent multi-substitutions indicate that these intronic ORFs represent selectively conserved functional genes. Other intron segments, on the contrary, reveal short blocks of extensive homology separated by non-homologous stretches and/or additions-deletions. Comparison of our two yeast r1-introns with equivalent introns of N. crassa and A. nidulans mitochondria reveals that introns with very similar RNA secondary structures can accommodate different types of ORFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392195
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: sequence and arrangement of URF5 and the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (1985)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 201 (1985), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the present study a new method is described for isolation of mitochondrial DNA from the cell wall-less mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CW15. Using this method the 15 kb DNA was the only DNA species extractable from purified mitochondria and must therefore represent the mitochondrial genome of this species. We present the DNA sequence of a 3.87 kb fragment of the 15 kb mitochondrial DNA. This fragment contains one open reading frame (1623 bp) homologous to the mammalian URF5 and the gene (1518 bp) for subunit I of cytochrome oxidase. The two genes are not interrupted by introns. URF5 is located on the strand opposite to that of the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and of URF2, previously sequenced (Pratje et al. 1984). Therefore, both DNA strands must be transcribed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondria. We show the transcripts of all three genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of URF5 and cytochrome oxidase subuit I of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii show 26% and 57% homology to the respective human sequences. A significant bias in the usage of codons is observed for all three genes. The invariant amino acids of cytochrome oxidase subunit I and the gene products of URF2 and URF5 from several organisms have been compared with the respective sequences from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Unlike other mitochondrial genomes no deviations from the “universal” genetic code are detectable in Chlamydomonas rein-hardtii mitochondrial DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425662
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