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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative assessment of the mutagenicity of road coating asphalt (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 47 (1991), S. 617-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700954
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic potential of water concentrates from the effluent of a waste oil storage pond (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1982), S. 424-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic activity of the liquid waste from the production of acetonitrile (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1984), S. 742-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic Activity (Ames Test) of Wood-Preserving Waste Sludge Applied to Soil (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 57 (1996), S. 54 -62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900155
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic potential of plants grown on municipal sewage sludge-amended soil (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract TheSalmonella/microsome assay was used to monitor the mutagenic potential of the organic extract of plants grown on municipal sewage sludge amended soils. The solvent-extractabie organic chemicals from sewage sludge, unamended Padina fine sand (Grossarenic Paleustalf), sludge amended Padina fine sand, and two forage crops; alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were tested withSalmonella strain TA98 with and without metabolic activation. The mutagenic potential of the sludge-amended soil was greater than that of the unamended soil. Fractions extracted from the sludge amended soil over a 154 day period displayed an increase in mutagenicity. None of the plant extracts, whether collected from plants grown on sludge amended or unamended soils, induced a positive response (doubling of revertants at two consecutive dose levels) in the bioassay. Thus, for the evaluated conditions, plants are not likely to translocate significant quantities of organic mutagens from municipal sludge amended soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal aberrations in native small mammals (Peromyscus leucopus andSigmodon hispidus) at a petrochemical waste disposal site: I. Standard karyology (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1987), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Examination of standard metaphase chromosome preparations was employed to evaluate the use of resident small mammals as indicators of environmental mutagenesis. Small mammals of two species, (Peromyscus leucopus andSigmodon hispidus) were trapped over a two-year period at a locality polluted with a complex mixture of petrochemical waste products, heavy metals, and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and from two uncontaminated localities. Significant differences in levels of chromosomal aberrations between animals collected at the contaminated site and the uncontaminated sites were clearly indicated. Increases in lesions per cell and aberrant cells per individual were shown for both species at the contaminated site compared to the control sites. Levels of chromosomal aberrations were not different between the two control sites, however. This study suggests that cytogenetic analysis of resident small mammals is a feasible test model for assessment of environmental mutagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055418
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mineral nutrients, sludge application rate, and application frequency on biodegradation of two oily sludges (1983)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 9 (1983), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A continuous flow soil respirometer was used to evaluate the effect of nutrient addition, application rate, and application frequency on biodegradation of 2 complex oily sludges in soil. The most rapid biodegradation of the refinery sludge occurred when nitrogen was added to reduce the carbon to nitrogen (C∶N) ratio to 9∶1. The petrochemical sludge was degraded most rapidly when nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were added at a rate of 124∶1, C∶NPK; CO2evolution from both wastes increased with increasing application rates, but the fraction of applied sludge which degraded decreased with increasing application rates. Small frequent applications resulted in a slight increase in respiration rate per unit applied over a single equivalent application, indicating that repeated applications of smaller amounts of sludge result in a more rapid rate of decomposition. The population of total soil bacteria was greatest when 1% of either sludge was added to the soil, whereas 5 and 10% sludge additions resulted in slightly lower microbial populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and genetic toxicity of municipal landfill leachate (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 69 (1993), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The large number of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and the many hazardous materials which they contain pose a serious environmental threat to our groundwater reserves. The present study was conducted to assess the environmental hazards that four MSW landfill leachates pose to the groundwater. Genetic toxicities of the landfill leachate and groundwater samples were assessed using the Salmonella/microsome (Ames test) mutagenicity bioassay, the Bacillus subtilis DNA repair bioassay, and the diploid Aspergillus nidulans chromosome damage bioassay. Acute toxicities of the leachate samples were assessed using the Microtox test. The leachate and groundwater samples were also analyzed for organic constituents using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chemical data were used to calculate the estimated cumulative cancer risk for each sample. All leachate samples were acutely toxic, and three of the four leachate samples were genetically toxic. Two of the four leachate samples and the groundwater sample contained concentrations of USEPA priority pollutants in excess of promulgated standards for potable water. Two of the leachates had mean estimated cumulative cancer risks on the same order of magnitude (10−4) as leachates from co-disposal and hazardous waste landfills. The use of a battery of acute and genetic toxicity bioassays, chemical analysis, and an estimated cancer risk calculation resulted in evidence that MSW landfill leachates are as acutely and chronically toxic as co-disposal and hazardous waste landfill leachates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic potential of municipal sewage sludge amended soils (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 48 (1989), S. 435-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to measure the mutagenic potential of municipal sewage sludge amended soil. Two separate sludge samples were collected from one municipal wastewater treatment plant and applied to undisturbed soil lysimeters over a 9 mo interval. Soil and sludge samples were collected for approximately 2 yr following sludge application. Samples were solvent extracted using methylene chloride and methanol, and the bacterial mutagenicity of the resulting residue determined using the Salmonella/microsome assay. The maximum specific activity of the sludge amended soil was 416 net revertants per 10 mg of residue induced by the methanol fraction extracted from the Weswood soil collected 154 d following the first sludge application. In the Padina sand, the maximum specific activity was 320 net revertants per 10 mg of residue induced by the methanol fraction extracted from the sample collected 154 d following the first sludge application. The specific activity of the sludge amended soil was observed to decrease slowly with time. For both the Padina and the Weswood soils, mutagenic organic chemicals were detected in soil samples collected 510 d following the second sludge application. For the Weswood soil, the mutagenic activity per unit weight of soil with metabolic activation of the samples collected 510 d after the final sludge application was decreased by 15 and 76% for the methylene chloride and methanol fractions, respectively, when compared to the maximum weighted activity observed 56 d after the final sludge application. The results indicate that municipal sewage sludges may contain organic mutagens which are persistent in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic activity of soils amended with two refinery wastes (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 29 (1986), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The mutagenic potential of the acid, base, and neutral fractions of petroleum sludge amended soil was determined using the Salmonella/microsome assay and Aspergillus methionine assay. Organic compounds were extracted from two different soils amended with either storm-water runoff impoundment or combined API-separator/slop-oil emulsion solids waste. Application of either waste to soil reduced the mutagenic activity of organic compounds extracted from equal weights of soil. However, biodegradation increased both the total and the direct-acting mutagenicity of all fractions residual in the waste-amended soil. The maximum level of mutagenic activity per milligram residual C was detected in the sample collected 360 days after waste application for the acid and base fractions from the storm-water runoff impoundment amended soils and the acid, base, and neutral fractions of the combined API separator/slop-oil emulsion waste amended soils. A comparison of the results based on equivalent weights of soil indicates that the mutagenic potential of both wastes was reduced by soil incorporation. The results from the Salmonella assay indicate that while the bulk of the solvent extractable organics in both wastes was rendered non-mutagenic, the mutagenic potential of the organic compounds in the acid fraction from the storm-water runoff impoundment sludge amended soil was increased. The results from the Aspergillus assay of both wastes indicate that the mutagenic potential of all three fractions was eventually reduced to a level that would be considered non-mutagenic. Thus, while degradation may have increased the mutagenic potential of specific organic compounds that were residual in the soil, the overall effect of degradation was to reduce the weighted activity of the waste amended soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149325
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