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  • 1
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    A glycosyl hydrolase family 16 gene is responsible for the endogenous production of β-1,3-glucanases within decapod crustaceans (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Gene, 569(2), pp. 203-217, ISSN: 03781119
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-29
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in the pulmonary vasculature of the aquatic file snake Acrochordus granulatus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 585-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Blood vessels ; Vagus nerve ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Somatostatin (SRIF) ; Acrochordus granulatus (Reptilia, Ophidia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to determine the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive and somatostatin-immunoreactive axons in the pulmonary vasculature of the aquatic file snake Acrochordus granulatus. A dense distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive axons was found on the common pulmonary artery, the anterior and posterior pulmonary arteries, and the smaller arteries branching to the lung. The density of these axons appeared greater in arterial preparations taken from more distal regions of the lung. The densest distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive axons was observed on the larger pulmonary veins in all regions of the lung. These axons were observed on the larger veins within the lung parenchyma but not on the smaller veins. Axons and cell bodies were observed in the vagal nerve trunks which run parallel to the pulmonary arteries and veins. In contrast, no somatostatin-immunoreactive axons were observed in any region of the pulmonary vasculature. It is proposed that the perivascular plexus of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive axons may represent part or all of the vagal postganglionic innervation of the pulmonary vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218794
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenergic innervation of the large arteries and veins of the semiarboreal rat snake Elaphe obsoleta (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fluorescence histochemsitry was used to study the adrenergic innervation of the large arteries and veins at six points along the body of the semiarboreal rat snake Elaphe obsoleta. Apart from the vessels adjacent to the heart, there was a marked contrast in the density of adrenergic innervation of anterior and posterior systemic arteries and veins. The anterior arteries and veins have little adrenergic innervation in contrast to the extremely dense innervation of the arteries and veins posterior to the heart. The innervation pattern is consistent with known physiological adjustments to gravity and suggests a mechanism for regulating dependent blood flow via sympathetic nerves. In comparison to the posterior systemic arteries, parallel segments of pulmonary artery taken from the same body position of Elaphe contained a much sparser innervation by adrenergic nerves. The sparser innervation can be correlated with less gravitational disturbance in the pulmonary artery, which is relatively short in this and in other arboreal snakes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular anatomy of the gills of the stingarees Urolophus mucosus and U. paucimaculatus (Urolophidae, Elasmobranchii) (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 200 (1989), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The branchial vascular anatomy of Urolophus mucosus and U. paucimaculatus was studied by scanning electron microscopical examination of critical-point-dried tissue or of vascular corrosion casts. The vasculature could be divided into arterioarterial and arteriovenous pathways, which channel the flow of blood through the gills.The arterioarterial pathway consists of an afferent branchial artery which gives rise to afferent distributing arteries that run through the tissues of the interbranchial septum and supply the afferent filament arteries of several filaments. Afferent filament arteries open regularly into a corpus cavernosum in the core of the filament; unlike other elasmobranchs no septal corpora cavernosa are found. At the tip of the filament, channels of the corpus cavernosum connect to a channel which passes across the distal end of the filament from afferent to efferent side. This channel always connects to the afferent filament artery, and in many filaments it connects to the efferent filament artery as well. In addition, a vascular arcade connects all the afferent filament arteries along the entire length of each hemibranch. The filament corpus cavernosum supplies the secondary lamellae. The lamellae drain into efferent lamellar arterioles which in turn drain into the efferent filament artery and the efferent branchial artery.The vascular anatomy of the arteriovenous pathway is similar to that described in other elasmobranchs and consists of arteriovenous anastomoses, found only arising from efferent arterial circulation, and the venolymphatic system, which is composed of the central venous sinus and the companion vessels.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052000106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenergic nerves and 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells in the pulmonary vasculature of the aquatic file snake Acrochordus granulatus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Blood vessels ; Adrenergic nerves ; Serotonin (5-HT) ; Chemoreceptors ; Acrochordus granulatus (Reptilia, Ophidia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation of the pulmonary vasculature of the file snake Acrochordus granulatus was examined by use of glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence. Perivascular plexuses of blue-green fluorescent nerves are observed around the common pulmonary artery, the anterior and posterior pulmonary arteries, the arterioles leading to the gas exchange capillaries of the lung, the venules draining the lung, and the anterior and posterior pulmonary veins. Adrenergic nerves are also associated with the visceral smooth muscle of the lung septa and other tissues. Thus, adrenergic control of pulmonary blood flow may occur either at the common pulmonary artery or more regionally within the lung. Regional control of blood flow in the elongate lung of this snake may be important in matching pulmonary perfusion with the distribution of respiratory gas. Glyoxylic acid-histochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed that populations of cells located in the common pulmonary artery contain the indoleamine 5-hydroxy-tryptamine. Many of the cells are intimately associated with varicose blue-green fluorescent nerves. It is proposed that the 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells may be involved in intravascular chemoreception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of natriuretic peptides in the heart and brain of the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; C-type natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Brain vertebrate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Opsanus beta (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity was determined in the heart and brain of the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta using the avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Four antisera were used: the first raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with atrial natriuretic and C-type natriuretic peptides (termed natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); the second raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with C-type natriuretic peptide but not with atrial natriuretic peptide (termed porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); the third raised against rat atrial natriuretic peptide; and the fourth raised against eel atrial natriuretic peptide. Natriuretic peptide- and porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity was observed in all cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. In the ventricle, natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity was found in all cardiac muscle cells, however porcine brain natriuretic peptidelike immunoreactivity was confined to muscle cells adjacent to the epicardium. There was no discernible difference in the distribution of natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity and porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity in the brain. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed only in the preoptic region of the diencephalon, and many immunoreactive fibres were found in the telencephalon, preoptic area, and rostral hypothalamus, lateral to the thalamic region. There was no immunoreactivity in any region of the hypophysis. A pair of distinct immunoreactive fibre tracts ran caudally from the preoptic area to the thalamic region, from which fibres extended to the posterior commissure, area praetectalis, dorsolateral regions of the midbrain tegmentum, and tectum. Many immunoreactive fibres were present in the rostral regions of the inferior lobes of the hypothalamus and in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral aspects of the rhombencephalon. No immunoreactivity was observed in the heart and brain using rat atrial natriuretic and eel natriuretic peptide antisera. Although the chemical structure of natriuretic peptides in the heart and brain of toadfish is unknown, these observations show that a component of the natriuretic peptide complement is similar to porcine brain natriuretic and/or porcine C-type natriuretic peptides. The presence of natriuretic peptides in the brain suggests that they could be important neuromodulators and/or neurotransmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384735
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural regulation of the pulmonary vasculature in a semi-arboreal snake,Elaphe obsoleta (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1990), S. 677-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Pulmonary vasculature ; Vagus nerve ; Neuropeptides ; Catecholamines ; Snake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the pulmonary vasculature of the semi-arboreal rat snake,Elaphe obsoleta, was examined with glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine histochemistry, peptide immunohistochemistry, and in vitro perfusion of the pulmonary vasculature. An adrenergic innervation was present on the pulmonary artery, the smaller pulmonary arteries, the veins draining the lung, and the main pulmonary vein. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive axons were observed on the pulmonary artery and vein, small arteries, and occasionally small veins within the lung parenchyma. A dense plexus of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) axons was observed on the distal extrinsic pulmonary artery. SP-LI axons were found on the more distal arteries within the lung parenchyma, but not on the veins. The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and SP-LI axons was similar suggesting that the axons are sensory nerves. In the perfused pulmonary vasculature, vagal stimulation caused a predominant vasoconstriction which was abolished by atropine indicating it was cholinergic in nature. A post-stimulus vasodilatation was abolished by bretylium and propranolol indicating it was adrenergic in nature. The responses to nerve stimulation were located in both the extrinsic and intrinsic pulmonary vasculature. No evidence for non-adrenergic, noncholinergic transmission to the vascular smooth muscle was found. The extensive, functional innervation of the main pulmonary artery, as well as the more distal vasculature within the lung, may reflect adaptation to cardiovascular problems imposed by an elongated body and arboreal habits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides in perivascular nerves innervating the large arteries and veins of the snake, Elaphe obsoleta (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 495-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteries ; Veins ; Perivascular nerves ; Vagus nerve ; Neuropeptides ; Elaphe obsoleta (Ophidia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single- and dual-labelling immunohistochemistry were used to determine the distribution and coexistence of neuropeptides in perivascular nerves of the large arteries and veins of the snake, Elaphe obsoleta, using antibodies for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, and leu-enkephalin. Blood vessels were sampled from four regions along the body of the snake: region 1, arteries and veins anterior to the heart; region 2, central vasculature 5 cm anterior and 10 cm posterior to the heart; region 3, arteries and veins in a 30-cm region posterior to the liver; and region 4, dorsal aorta and renal arteries, renal and intestinal veins, 5–30 cm cephalad of the vent. A moderate to dense distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive fibres was found in most arteries and veins of regions 1–3, but fibres were absent from the vessels of region 4. The majority of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive fibres contained colocalized substance P-like immunoreactivity, and these fibres were unaffected by either capsaicin or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pretreatment. In the anterior section of the snake, the vagal trunks contained many cell bodies with colocalized vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P-like immunoreactivity. It is suggested that the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/substance P-like immunoreactive cell bodies and fibres are parasympathetic postganglionic nerves. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibres were observed in all arteries and veins, being most dense in regions 3 and 4. The majority of these fibres also contained colocalized galanin-like immunoreactivity, and were absent in tissues from 6-OHDA pretreated snakes, suggesting that neuropeptide Y and galanin are colocalized in adrenergic nerves. A small number of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibres contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide but not galanin, and were unaffected by 6-OHDA treatment. All calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive fibres contained colocalized substance P-like immunoreactivity, and these fibres were observed in all vessels, being particularly dense in the carotid artery and jugular veins. All calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P-like immunoreactive fibres appeared damaged after capsaicin treatment suggesting they represent fibres from afferent sensory neurons. A sparse plexus of somatostatin-like immunoreactive fibres was observed in the vessels only from region 4. No enkephalin-like immunoreactive fibres were found in any blood vessels from any region. This study provides morphological evidence to suggest that there is considerable functional specialization within the components of the rat snake peripheral autonomic system controlling the circulation, in particular the regulation of venous capacitance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites in the brain and pituitary gland of the toad, Bufo marinus: localisation and receptor characterisation (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 302 (2000), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide Natriuretic peptide receptors Brain Osmoregulation Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and nature of 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites have been examined in the brain and pituitary gland of the toad, Bufo marinus, using tissue section autoradiography, affinity cross-linking and electrophoresis, guanylyl cyclase assays and molecular analysis of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) and NPR-GC mRNA expression. The highest density of 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites occurred in the dorsal pallium, the habenular region, the torus semicircularis, the choroid plexus, and the pituitary gland. Less dense binding was observed in the medial pallium, the thalamic region, the hypothalamus, the optic tectum, and the interpeduncular nucleus. The natriuretic peptide receptor-C specific ligand, C-ANF, displaced the binding in all brain regions; however, some residual binding was observed in the habenular region, the hypothalamus, the choroid plexus, and the pituitary gland. In isolated brain membranes, 1 µM rat atrial natriuretic peptide increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to 90% above basal. Affinity cross-linking followed by reducing electrophoresis showed that 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide bound to proteins of 65 kDa and 135 kDa respectively. Furthermore, molecular analysis demonstrated that natriuretic peptide receptor-C and guanylyl cyclase messenger ribonucleic acid are expressed in the brain. In combination with the autoradiography, the data indicated that atrial natriuretic peptide acting via specific receptors could be important in natriuretic peptide regulation of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000266
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of natriuretic peptides in the brains and hearts of the spiny dogfishSqualus acanthias and the Atlantic hagfishMyxine glutinosa (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 535-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; C-type natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Brain, vertebrate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Squalus acanthias (Elasmobranchii) ; Myxine glutinosa (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The avidin-biotin peroxidase technique was used to determine the distribution of natriuretic peptides in the hearts and brains of the dogfishSqualus acanthias and the Atlantic hagfishMyxine glutinosa. Three antisera were used: one raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with atrial natriuretic and C-type natriuretic peptides (termed natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); the second raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with C-type natriuretic peptide, but not with atrial natriuretic peptide (termed porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); and the third raised against rat atrial natriuretic peptide (termed rat atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity). Only natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity was observed in the heart ofS. acanthias which was most likely due to the antiserum cross-reacting with C-type natriuretic peptide. No immunoreactivity was found in theM. glutinosa heart. In the brain ofS. acanthias, natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive fibres were located in many areas of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and spinal cord. Extensive immunoreactivity was observed in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and the neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis. Natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive perikarya were found in ventromedial regions of the telencephalon and in the nucleus preopticus. Most perikarya had short, thick processes which extended toward the ventricle. Another group of perikarya was observed in the rhombencephalon. Porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive fibres were observed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, but perikarya were only present in the preoptic area. In theM. glutinosa brain, natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive fibres were present in all regions. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the pallium, primordium hippocampi, pars ventralis thalami, pars dorsalis thalami, nucleus diffusus hypothalami, nucleus profundus, nucleus tuberculi posterioris, and nucleus ventralis tegmenti. Procine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive perikarya and fibres had a similar, but less abundant distribution than natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive structures. Although the chemical structures of natriuretic peptides in the brains of dogfish and hagfish are unknown, these observations show that a component of the natriuretic peptide complement is similar to porcine brain natriuretic peptide or porcine C-type natriuretic peptide. The presence of natriuretic peptides in the brain suggest they could be important neuromodulators and/or neurotransmitters. Furthermore, there appears to be divergence in the structural forms of natriuretic peptides in the hearts and brains of dogfish and hagfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645056
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