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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially resolved lifetime measurements in neutron-transmutation-doped polycrystalline silicon (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1681-1688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spatially resolved carrier lifetimes have been measured at the same grain boundary using a series of adjacent samples doped to different levels by neutron transmutation. The samples had dopant concentration levels between 1013 and 1017 atoms/cm3. The carrier lifetime was measured using a contactless microwave absorption technique to monitor the decay of photoconductivity which allowed us to perform either isothermal or isochronal annealing to remove the damage caused by irradiation. An optimum anneal of 30 min at 700 °C resulted in almost full recovery to the lifetime before irradiation. A short laser pulse of wavelength 900 nm was focused to a 0.3-mm-diam spot on the samples. Lifetimes of two different sets of carriers were measured, the bulk carrier lifetime at the center of a grain and the carrier lifetime at a grain boundary. This latter carrier lifetime involves both fast and slow recombination mechanisms. The slow decay mechanism is due to interface states at the grain boundary. The fast recombination lifetime was found to be of the same order as the bulk recombination lifetime (of the order of 1 μs) and the slow one was of the order of 1 ms. Doping levels up to 1016 atoms/cm3 show no significant effect on the measured bulk carrier lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337258
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence imaging of porous silicon using a confocal scanning laser macroscope/microscope (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2321-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter describes a confocal scanning beam macroscope/microscope that can image specimens up to 7 cm in diameter using both photoluminescence and reflected light. The macroscope generates digital images (512×512 pixels) with a maximum 5 μm lateral resolution and 200 μm axial resolution in under 5 s, and in combination with a conventional confocal scanning laser microscope can provide quality control at a macroscopic/microscopic level for porous silicon specimens, wafers, detectors, and similar devices. This combination of instruments can also be used as a method for evaluating preparation parameters involved in the manufacture of porous silicon. Various confocal and nonconfocal photoluminescence and reflected-light images of porous silicon are shown using both a macroscope and a conventional confocal scanning laser microscope. A 3D profile of a porous silicon structure reconstructed from confocal slices is also shown. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113969
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for Greywater Re-Use: Health Issues (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper discusses the potential threat to health associated with the microbial contamination of grey-water. Although it has been shown that greywater may contain large numbers of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the incidence of disease is dependent upon more than just the concentration of organisms. Other factors include the degree of exposure and the health and age of affected individuals. Proposed guidelines for the re-use of greywater focus upon faecal coliform contamination and suggest limits based upon the end use of recycled water.The paper (a) proposes modifications to the guidelines to better represent the delicate balance between protection of public health and the levels of risk posed by greywater re-use within the context of everyday human activity, and (b) attempts to identify areas where there is either an expectation for responsibility or a personal acceptance of responsibility with regard to public or personal health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01056.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Habitat Creation Opportunities for Landward Coastal Re-alignment: Essex Case Studies (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Relative sea-level fluctuations during the Holocene period have combined with medieval to present saline floodplain embanking to reduce the inter-tidal saltmarsh area in Essex from 40 000 ha to 4400 ha. The present loss by erosion is estimated at 2%/annum for the country, and the reduction in these areas is not only detrimental to related habitats but has caused an increasing requirement for flood-defence financial investment.Recent initiatives by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Environment Agency and English Nature have created mechanisms and opportunities to develop sustainable flood-control structures where coastal re-alignment has been the preferred option.The Orplands frontage covers 2 km of sea wall which have been deliberately breached to allow 40 ha of rare saltmarsh to re-establish. At Abbotts Hall, an arable field of 20 ha has been converted to its former saltmarsh by creek re-establishment and tidal inundation by reversal of existing sluices. These two schemes have (a) regenerated habitats for halophytic and semi-halophytic plants, marine and brackish invertebrates, and (b) provided roost, feed and breeding areas for birds and nursery areas for marine fish fry. Apart from flood control and habitat creation, particular features were incorporated to provide niche locations for targeted types of wildlife.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00158.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance against greenbug, Schizuphis graminum Rond., and Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, in tritordeum amphiploids (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A collection of tritordeum amphiploids (Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgadum) and their wheat parents were screened for resistance against the two main aphid pesis of cereals, the greenhug. Schizaphis graminum Rond. and ihe Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis naxia Mord-vilko. Antixenosis. antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated in controlled environmental conditions using a. clone of greenbug biotypc C and a clone of RWA collected on pasta wheat. Tritordeum amphiploids pos-sess genetic resistance against greenbug and RWA; some of the lines tested were more resistant than the parental wheat line. Four principal components explained the resistance against both aphid species. The antixenosis shown against both pests was mainly contributed by their wheat parents. The antibiosis againsl both aphid species was obviously dependent on diflerent plant traits. The highest levels of antibiosis against the two aphids occurred in different amphiploids. Different genes are involved in the antibiotic reaction against the two aphids. The Tritordeum resistance to RWA is based on anlixenosis and ant-biosis since the tolerance trails were not independent of the other types of resistance. The level of tolerance shown to the greenbug was variable and appears to be controlled by differeni mechanisms. The tolerance to aphids shown by H. chilense is expressed in the amphiploids. but with some genomic interaction. Genes conferring resistance to aphids in H. chilensee could be incorporated into new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against greenbug and RWA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb02200.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability in antibiotic resistance to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum in Hordeum chilense (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hordeum chilense (Roem. et Schult), a native grass of South America, is a source of antixenotic and antibiotic resistance to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rondani. The genetic and environmental components of the variability in antibiotic resistance shown by H. chilense were determined by measuring the developmental time, the length of adult life, fecundity and intrinsic rate of population increase of green-bugs reared on this host. The aphids belonged to a clone of biotype C. Plants were cloned to reduce the incidence of environmental variability.Different plant characters appeared to prolong aphid developmental time and reduce the length of adult life and total fecundity. The broad sense heritability and the genetic variability of these plant characters were different. The plant character that affected aphid development appears to differ from that affecting fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00846.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aphid Ecology: Life Cycles, Polymorphism, and Population Regulation (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 8 (1977), S. 329-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.001553
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Aphid Populations (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 30 (1985), S. 155-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.001103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-beam-induced current measurements: Comparison of barrier:beam parallel and perpendicular geometries (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 2963-2966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Minority-carrier diffusion lengths have been measured in electron-beam-induced current experiments with the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope both parallel and perpendicular to a Schottky barrier on single-crystal silicon. Results from the two geometries are compared. The usefulness of the top surface geometry (beam perpendicular to the barrier) has been extended by measuring both the short-circuit current and its derivative as a function of position, allowing the diffusion length to be calculated without knowing the exact position of the Schottky-barrier edge. This is particularly useful when the barrier edge is indistinct, as often occurs for evaporated or sputtered barrier layers. Measurement of the derivative signal has been accomplished by position modulation of the scanning electron beam combined with a lock-in amplifier for signal detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335240
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptom severity of cassava mosaic disease in relation to concentration of African cassava mosaic virus in different cassava genotypes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 52 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The concentration of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in relation to symptom severity among resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible cassava genotypes. Resistant genotype NR 8083 had significantly lower symptom severity scores (P 〈 0·05) than the susceptible genotype TMS 91934, but the two genotypes contained similar levels of virus concentration. The moderately resistant genotypes TMS 30572 and NR 8082 expressed significantly lower symptom severities (P 〈 0·05) than the susceptible genotypes TMS 91934 and TME 117, but they contained significantly higher virus concentrations (P 〈 0·05) than TMS 91934 and similar virus concentration as in TME 117. However, two other resistant genotypes, TME 1 and TME 8, had low symptom severity scores and virus concentrations. There was significant interaction (P ≤ 0·05) between cropping season and virus concentration in all the genotypes except TMS 30572. The resistant and moderately resistant genotypes that had high virus concentrations sustained storage root yield losses. The severity of symptoms expressed was not necessarily a reflection of the virus concentration in some of the genotypes. In addition to the use of symptom severity scores to group genotypes into resistant classes, it is recommended that virus concentration should also be considered. Genotypes displaying mild symptoms, but with high levels of virus accumulation, could be an important source of inoculum in the spread of ACMV by the whitefly vectors. This suggests that each genotype should be tested for virus accumulation prior to its release to the farmers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00805.x
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