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  • 1
    Keywords: Atmospheric science. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Geographic information systems. ; Lasers. ; Outer space Exploration. ; Astronautics. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation. ; Geographical Information System. ; Laser. ; Space Exploration and Astronautics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Rotational Raman scattering through narrow-band interference filters: investigating uncertainties using a new Rayleigh scattering code developed within ACTRIS -- Chapter 2. Performance of Low-Cost, Diode-Based HSRL System with Simplified Optical Setup -- Chapter 3. Sensitivity Study on the Performance of the Single Calculus Chain Aerosol Layering Module -- Chapter 4. Particle Complex Refractive Index From 3+2 HSRL/Raman Lidar Measurements: Conditions of Accurate Retrieval, Uncertainties and Constraints Provided by Information About RH -- Chapter 5. Field Testing of a Diode-Laser-Based Micro Pulse Differential Absorption Lidar System to Measure Atmospheric Thermodynamic Variables -- Chapter 6. SEMICONDUCTOR LIDAR FOR QUANTITATIVE ATMOSPHERIC PROFILING -- Chapter 7. Atomic Barium Vapor Filter for Ultraviolet High Spectral Resolution Lidar -- Chapter 8. Future Lidars for Cutting-Edge Sciences in Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere-Stratosphere Physics and Space-Atmosphere Coupling -- Chapter 9. Polarization Lidar for Monitoring Dust Particle Orientation: First Measurements -- Chapter 10. Dust flow distribution measurement by low coherence Doppler lidar -- Chapter 11. A Multi-wavelength LED lidar for near ground atmospheric monitoring -- Chapter 12. Development of low-cost high-spectral-resolution lidar using compact multimode laser for air quality measurement -- Chapter 13. Deep Learning Based Convective Boundary Layer Determination for Aerosol and Wind Profiles observed by Wind Lidar -- Chapter 14. LITES: Laboratory Investigations of Atmospheric Aerosol Composition by Raman-Scattering and Fluorescence Spectra -- Chapter 15. Performance Simulation of a Raman Lidar for the Retrieval of CO2 Atmospheric Profiles -- Chapter 16. ALL FIBER FREE-RUNNING DUAL-COMB RANGING SYSTEM -- Chapter 17. gPCE Uncertainty Quantication Modeling of LiDAR for Bathymetric and Earth Science Applications -- Chapter 18. When can Poisson random variables be approximated as Gaussian? -- Chapter 19. Enhancing the Performance of the MicroPulse DIAL through Poisson Total Variation Signal Processing -- Chapter 20. Development of Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) Level 3 Satellite Validation Products in Advance of the EarthCARE Mission -- Chapter 21. 3D Point Cloud Classification using Drone-based Scanning LIDAR and Signal Diversity -- Chapter 22. Design and Validation of an Elastic Lidar Simulator for Testing Potential New Systems for Aerosol Typing -- Chapter 23. Performance of Pulsed Wind Lidar Based on Optical Hybrid -- Chapter 24. Demonstrating Capabilities of Multiple-Beam Airborne Doppler Lidar Using a LES-based Simulator -- Chapter 25. All-Solid State Iron Resonance Lidar for Measurement of Temperature and Winds in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere -- Chapter 26. Improved Remote Operation Capabilities for the NASA GSFC Tropospheric Ozone Lidar for Routine Ozone Profiling for Satellite Evaluation -- Chapter 27. A wind, temperature, H2O and CO2 scanning lidar mobile observatory for a 3D thermodynamic view of the atmosphere -- Chapter 28. Low-Cost and Lightweight Hyperspectral Lidar for Mapping Vegetation Fluorescence -- Chapter 29. SO2 Plumes Observation with LMOL: Theory, Modeling, and Validation -- Chapter 30. Possible Use of Iodine Absorption/Fluorescence Cell in High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar -- Chapter 31. Ten Years of Interdisciplinary Lidar Applications at SCNU, Guangzhou -- Chapter 32. Feasibility studies of the dual-polarization imaging lidar based on the division-of-focal-plane scheme for atmospheric remote sensing -- Chapter 33. An Algorithm to Retrieve Aerosol Optical Properties from ATLID and MSI Measurements -- Chapter 34. Observation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds at Dome C, Antarctica -- Chapter 35. Laboratory Evaluation of the Lidar Particle Depolarization Ratio (PDR) of Sulfates, Soot, and Mineral Dust at 180.0° Lidar Backscattering Angle -- Chapter 36. Fresh biomass burning aerosol observed in Potenza with multiwavelength Raman Lidar and sun-photometer -- Chapter 37. Aerosol Studies with Spectrometric Fluorescence and Raman Lidar -- Chapter 38. Continuous Observations of Aerosol-Weather Relationship from a Horizontal Lidar to Simulate Monitoring of Radioactive Dust in Fukashima, Japan -- Chapter 39. Statistical Simulation of Laser Pulse Propagation through Cirrus-cloudy Atmosphere -- Chapter 40. Aerosol Spatial Distribution Observed by a Mobile Vehicle Lidar with Optics for Near Range Detection -- Chapter 41. Cloud Base Height Correlation between a Co-located Micro-Pulse Lidar and a Lufft CHM15k Ceilometer -- Chapter 42. Comparison of Local and Transregional Atmospheric Particles Over the Urmia Lake in Northwest Iran, Using a Polarization Lidar Recordings -- Chapter 43. Properties of Polar Stratospheric Clouds over the European Arctic from Ground-Based Lidar -- Chapter 44. Two decades analysis of cirrus cloud radiative effects by lidar observations in the frame of NASA MPLNET lidar network -- Chapter 45. Temporal Variability of the Aerosol Properties Using a Cimel Sun/Lunar Photometer over Thessaloniki, Greece: Synergy With the Upgraded THELISYS Lidar System -- Chapter 46. Long-Term Changes of Optical Properties of Mineral Dust and Its Mixtures Derived from Raman Polariza-tion Water Vapor Lidar in Central Europe -- Chapter 47. Planetary Boundary Layer Height Measurements Using MicroPulse DIAL -- Chapter 48. Performance Modeling of a Diode-Laser-Based Direct Detection Doppler Lidar -- Chapter 49. Observation of Water Vapor Profiles by Raman Lidar with 266 nm laser in Tokyo -- Chapter 50. A 355-NM DIRECT-DETECTION DOPPLER WIND LIDAR FOR VERTICAL ATMOSPHERIC MOTION -- Chapter 51. Aircraft Wake Vortex Recognition and Classification Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar and Convolutional Neural Networks -- Chapter 52. MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar for Temperature Retrieval in the Lower Troposphere -- Chapter 53. Long Term Calibration of a Pure Rotational Raman Lidar for Temperature Measurements Using Radiosondes and Solar Background -- Chapter 54. Powerful Raman-Lidar for water vapor in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere as well as temperature in the stratosphere and mesosphere -- Chapter 55. Observation of Rainfall Velocity and Raindrop Size Using Power Spectrum of Coherent Doppler Lidar -- Chapter 56. Comparison of Lower Tropospheric Water Vapor Vertical Distribution Measured with Raman lidar and DIAL and Their Impact of Data Assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction Model -- Chapter 57. Temperature Variations in the Middle Atmosphere Studied with Rayleigh Lidar at Haikou (19.9°N, 110.3°E) -- Chapter 58. Convective boundary layer sensible and latent heat flux lidar observations and towards new model parametrizations -- Chapter 59. Observation of Structure of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer by Ceilometer over the Kuroshio Current.-Chapter 60. ABL Height Different Estimation by Lidar in the Frame of HyMeX SOP1 Campaign -- Chapter 61. Temporal Evolution of Wavelength and Orientation of Atmospheric Canopy Waves -- Chapter 62. Assessment of Planetary Boundary Layer Height Variations over a Mountain Region in Western Himalayas -- Chapter 63. Analysis of Updraft Characteristics from an Airborne Micro-Pulsed Doppler Lidar During FIREX-AQ -- Chapter 64. Diurnal Variability of MLH and Ozone in NYC Urban and Coastal Area from an Integrated Observation during LISTOS 2018 -- Chapter 65. Boundary Layer Dynamics, Aerosol Composition, and Air Quality in the Urban Background of Stuttgart in Winter -- Chapter 66. DIAL Ozone Measurement Capability Added to NASA’s HSRL-2 Instrument Demonstrates Troposheric Ozone Variability Over Houston Area -- Chapter 67. Trajectory Analysis of CO2 Concentration Increase Events in the Nocturnal Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observed by the Differential Absorption Lidar -- Chapter 68. Efficiency Assessment of Single Cell Raman Gas Mixture for DIAL Ozone Lidar -- Chapter 69. COmpact RamaN lidar for Atmospheric CO2 and ThERmodyNamic ProfilING - CONCERNING -- Chapter 70. Characterization of Recent Aerosol Events Occurring in the Subtropical North Atlantic Region Using a CIMEL CE376 GPN Micro-LiDAR -- Chapter 71. Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Development at New York City -- Chapter 72. Accounting for the polarizing effects introduced from non ideal quarter-wave plates in lidar measurements of the circular depolarization ratio -- Chapter 73. Investigating the geometrical and optical properties of the persistent stratospheric aerosol layer observed over Thessaloniki, Greece during 2019 -- Chapter 74. New Lidar Data Processing Techniques for Improving the Detection Range and Accuracy of Atmospheric Gravity Wave Measurements -- Chapter 75. Extending the Useful Range of Fluorescence LIDAR Data by Applying the Layered Binning Technique -- Chapter 76. Interaction between sea wave and surface atmosphere by shallow angle LED lidar -- Chapter 77. First results of the COLOR (CDOM-proxy retrieval from aeOLus ObseRvations) project -- Chapter 78. Dual wavelength heterodyne LDA for velocity and size distribution measurements in ocean water flows -- Chapter 79. Mitigation Strategy for the Impact of Low Energy Laser Pulses in CALIOP Calibration and Level 2 Retrievals -- Chapter 80. Introducing the Cloud Aerosol Lidar for Global Scale Observations of the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere System – CALIGOLA -- Chapter 81. An Overview of the NASA Atmosphere Observing System Inclined Mission (AOS-I) and the Role of Backscatter Lidar -- Chapter 82. Proposal for the Space-borne Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) Lidar for Lower Tropospheric Water Vapor Observations -- Chapter 83. Assimilation of Aerosol Observations from the Future Spaceborne Lidar Onboard the AOS Mission into the MOCAGE Chemistry-Transport Model -- Chapter 84. Aerosol Optical Properties over Western Himalayas Region by Raman Lidar during the December 2019 Annular Solar Eclipse -- Chapte.
    Abstract: This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world’s leading event in the field of atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events’ legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 892 p. 374 illus., 352 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031378188
    Series Statement: Springer Atmospheric Sciences,
    DDC: 551.5
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-01
    Description: Accurate simulation of planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is key to greenhouse gas emission estimation, air quality prediction, and weather forecasting. This paper describes an extensive performance assessment of several Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model configurations in which novel observations from ceilometers, surface stations, and a flux tower were used to study their ability to reproduce the PBLH and the impact that the urban heat island (UHI) has on the modeled PBLHs in the greater Washington, D.C., area. In addition, CO2 measurements at two urban towers were compared with tracer transport simulations. The ensemble of models used four PBL parameterizations, two sources of initial and boundary conditions, and one configuration including the building energy parameterization urban canopy model. Results have shown low biases over the whole domain and period for wind speed, wind direction, and temperature, with no drastic differences between meteorological drivers. We find that PBLH errors are mostly positively correlated with sensible heat flux errors and that modeled positive UHI intensities are associated with deeper modeled PBLs over the urban areas. In addition, we find that modeled PBLHs are typically biased low during nighttime for most of the configurations with the exception of those using the MYNN parameterization, and these biases directly translate to tracer biases. Overall, the configurations using the MYNN scheme performed the best, reproducing the PBLH and CO2 molar fractions reasonably well during all hours and thus opening the door to future nighttime inverse modeling.
    Print ISSN: 1558-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-8432
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2005-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1386-1425
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3557
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: This paper presents a case study of a strong low-level jet (LLJ) that was observed about 20 km off the coast of Ocean City, Maryland, during a measurement campaign in the summer of 2013. Doppler wind lidar observations offshore, together with analyses of 4-km WRF Model data and NARR data, are used to reconstruct the forcing mechanisms that led to the growth and rapid collapse of the jet offshore as well as to differentiate the forcing mechanisms resulting in an LLJ farther inland. It was observed that the LLJ over the mid-Atlantic coastal plain decreased gradually throughout the early morning hours relative to the LLJ along the coastal ocean as a downslope wind moved eastward from the Appalachian Mountains. The forcing of the LLJ was a result of both thermal and mechanical mechanisms linked to the topography, while synoptic forcing from an approaching cold front led to a downslope wind. Data from a wind profiler near Cambridge, Maryland, also showed an LLJ, but forced by different regional conditions, emphasizing the difficulties of inferring wind conditions offshore from onshore observations. The sudden breakdown of the jet offshore appears to have been a result of an interaction with a downslope wind from the Appalachian Mountains. This particular case study highlights the 1) importance of both large-scale and regional forcing, 2) impact that topographical forcing farther inland had on offshore wind, and 3) different responses in the wind profile as a downslope wind moved across the mid-Atlantic region.
    Print ISSN: 1558-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-8432
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-01
    Description: The central Great Plains region in North America has a nocturnal maximum in warm-season precipitation. Much of this precipitation comes from organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). This nocturnal maximum is counterintuitive in the sense that convective activity over the Great Plains is out of phase with the local generation of CAPE by solar heating of the surface. The lower troposphere in this nocturnal environment is typically characterized by a low-level jet (LLJ) just above a stable boundary layer (SBL), and convective available potential energy (CAPE) values that peak above the SBL, resulting in convection that may be elevated, with source air decoupled from the surface. Nocturnal MCS-induced cold pools often trigger undular bores and solitary waves within the SBL. A full understanding of the nocturnal precipitation maximum remains elusive, although it appears that bore-induced lifting and the LLJ may be instrumental to convection initiation and the maintenance of MCSs at night. To gain insight into nocturnal MCSs, their essential ingredients, and paths toward improving the relatively poor predictive skill of nocturnal convection in weather and climate models, a large, multiagency field campaign called Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) was conducted in 2015. PECAN employed three research aircraft, an unprecedented coordinated array of nine mobile scanning radars, a fixed S-band radar, a unique mesoscale network of lower-tropospheric profiling systems called the PECAN Integrated Sounding Array (PISA), and numerous mobile-mesonet surface weather stations. The rich PECAN dataset is expected to improve our understanding and prediction of continental nocturnal warm-season precipitation. This article provides a summary of the PECAN field experiment and preliminary findings.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: A network of automated weather stations (AWS) with ceilometers can be used to detect sky conditions, aerosol dispersion, and mixing layer heights, in addition to the routine surface meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.). Currently, a dense network of AWSs that observe all of these parameters does not exist in the United States even though networks of them with ceilometers exist. These networks normally use ceilometers for determining only sky conditions. Updating AWS networks to obtain those nonstandard observations with ceilometers, especially mixing layer height, across the United States would provide valuable information for validating and improving weather/climate forecast models. In this respect, an aerosol-based mixing layer height detection method, called the combined-hybrid method, is developed and evaluated for its uncertainty characteristics for application in the United States. Four years of ceilometer data from the National Weather Service Ceilometer Proof of Concept Project taken in temperate, maritime polar, and hot/arid climate regimes are utilized in this evaluation. Overall, the method proved to be a strong candidate for estimating mixing layer heights with ceilometer data, with averaged uncertainties of 237 ± 398 m in all tested climate regimes and 69 ± 250 m when excluding the hot/arid climate regime.
    Print ISSN: 0739-0572
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0426
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-02
    Print ISSN: 0143-1161
    Electronic ISSN: 1366-5901
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Print ISSN: 0167-7764
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0662
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-18
    Description: This paper describes the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) approach to managing the transition from the Vaisala RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde. The goal of GRUAN is to provide long-term high-quality reference observations of upper-air essential climate variables (ECVs) such as temperature and water vapor. With GRUAN data being used for climate monitoring, it is vital that the change of measurement system does not introduce inhomogeneities to the data record. The majority of the 27 GRUAN sites were launching the RS92 as their operational radiosonde, and following the end of production of the RS92 in the last quarter of 2017, most of these sites have now switched to the RS41. Such a large-scale change in instrumentation is unprecedented in the history of GRUAN and poses a challenge for the network. Several measurement programs have been initiated to characterize differences in biases, uncertainties, and noise between the two radiosonde types. These include laboratory characterization of measurement errors, extensive twin sounding studies with RS92 and RS41 on the same balloon, and comparison with ancillary data. This integrated approach is commensurate with the GRUAN principles of traceability and deliberate redundancy. A 2-year period of regular twin soundings is recommended, and for sites that are not able to implement this, burden-sharing is employed such that measurements at a certain site are considered representative of other sites with similar climatological characteristics. All data relevant to the RS92–RS41 transition are archived in a database that will be accessible to the scientific community for external scrutiny. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience gained regarding GRUAN's RS92–RS41 transition will be extensively documented to ensure traceability of the process. This documentation will benefit other networks in managing changes in their operational radiosonde systems. Preliminary analysis of the laboratory experiments indicates that the manufacturer's calibration of the RS41 temperature and humidity sensors is more accurate than for the RS92, with uncertainties of
    Print ISSN: 2193-0856
    Electronic ISSN: 2193-0864
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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