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  • 1
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    Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of glucose intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suez, Jotham -- Korem, Tal -- Zeevi, David -- Zilberman-Schapira, Gili -- Thaiss, Christoph A -- Maza, Ori -- Israeli, David -- Zmora, Niv -- Gilad, Shlomit -- Weinberger, Adina -- Kuperman, Yael -- Harmelin, Alon -- Kolodkin-Gal, Ilana -- Shapiro, Hagit -- Halpern, Zamir -- Segal, Eran -- Elinav, Eran -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 9;514(7521):181-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13793. Epub 2014 Sep 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; 1] Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel [2]. ; 1] Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel [2]. ; Day Care Unit and the Laboratory of Imaging and Brain Stimulation, Kfar Shaul hospital, Jerusalem Center for Mental Health, Jerusalem 91060, Israel. ; 1] Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel [2] Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [3] Digestive Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel. ; The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; 1] Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [2] Digestive Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Aspartame/adverse effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dietary Fats/pharmacology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*drug effects/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance/*chemically induced/metabolism/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/chemically induced/metabolism/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota/*drug effects ; Saccharin/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Sucrose/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives ; Sweetening Agents/*adverse effects ; Waist-Hip Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Growth dynamics of gut microbiota in health and disease inferred from single metagenomic samples (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Metagenomic sequencing increased our understanding of the role of the microbiome in health and disease, yet it only provides a snapshot of a highly dynamic ecosystem. Here, we show that the pattern of metagenomic sequencing read coverage for different microbial genomes contains a single trough and a single peak, the latter coinciding with the bacterial origin of replication. Furthermore, the ratio of sequencing coverage between the peak and trough provides a quantitative measure of a species' growth rate. We demonstrate this in vitro and in vivo, under different growth conditions, and in complex bacterial communities. For several bacterial species, peak-to-trough coverage ratios, but not relative abundances, correlated with the manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and type II diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korem, Tal -- Zeevi, David -- Suez, Jotham -- Weinberger, Adina -- Avnit-Sagi, Tali -- Pompan-Lotan, Maya -- Matot, Elad -- Jona, Ghil -- Harmelin, Alon -- Cohen, Nadav -- Sirota-Madi, Alexandra -- Thaiss, Christoph A -- Pevsner-Fischer, Meirav -- Sorek, Rotem -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Elinav, Eran -- Segal, Eran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1101-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4812. Epub 2015 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Department of Biological services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. eran.elinav@weizmann.ac.il eran.segal@weizmann.ac.il. ; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. eran.elinav@weizmann.ac.il eran.segal@weizmann.ac.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/genetics/*growth & development ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*microbiology ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Microbiota/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Deciphering the rules by which 5'-UTR sequences affect protein expression in yeast (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-05
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    The rules by which 5'-UTRs affect protein levels [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-24
    Description: The 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of mRNAs contains elements that affect expression, yet the rules by which these regions exert their effect are poorly understood. Here, we studied the impact of 5′-UTR sequences on protein levels in yeast, by constructing a large-scale library of mutants that differ only in the 10...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Phosphatidylserine increases IKBKAP levels in a humanized knock-in IKBKAP mouse model (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-25
    Description: Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a severe neurodegenerative genetic disorder restricted to the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The most common mutation in FD patients is a T-to-C transition at position 6 of intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene. This mutation causes aberrant skipping of exon 20 in a tissue-specific manner, leading to reduction of the IB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP) protein in the nervous system. We established a homozygous humanized mouse strain carrying human exon 20 and its two flanking introns; the 3' intron has the transition observed in the IKBKAP gene of FD patients. Although our FD humanized mouse does not display FD symptoms, the unique, tissue-specific splicing pattern of the IKBKAP in these mice allowed us to evaluate the effect of therapies on gene expression and exon 20 splicing. The FD mice were supplemented with phosphatidylserine (PS), a safe food supplement that increases mRNA and protein levels of IKBKAP in cell lines generated from FD patients. Here we demonstrated that PS treatment increases IKBAKP mRNA and IKAP protein levels in various tissues of FD mice without affecting exon 20 inclusion levels. We also observed that genes associated with transcription regulation and developmental processes were up-regulated in the cerebrum of PS-treated mice. Thus, PS holds promise for the treatment of FD.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    The Operonic Location of Auto-transcriptional Repressors Is Highly Conserved in Bacteria (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-20
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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