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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate thick films on silicon substrates (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3349-3353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article reports the fabrication of thick films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) on platinum-buffered silicon substrates by screen printing. Crack-free films, up to 12 μm on a single pass, show a dielectric permittivity of 200, tangent losses of 0.05, remanent polarization of 2.5 μC/cm2, and coercive field of 40 kV/cm. The field-induced longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 at 40 kV/cm dc bias and 4 kV/cm alternating field corresponded to 50 pC/N. The magnitude of the piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33, computed from the strain coefficient and dielectric permittivity, under the same conditions, was found to be 36×10−3 V m/N, higher than that of a poled PZT bulk ceramic in comparison. These results are promising for a broad variety of sensor applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358621
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 single crystal fiber grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4704-4708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The preparation of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) ceramics and the first successful growth of BMT single crystals by the laser heated pedestal growth technique (LHPG) is reported. The single crystal has a simple cubic perovskite structure in comparison to the ordered hexagonal structure normally found in ceramics of the same phase. The dielectric properties of single crystals are examined, the dielectric Q value increases with the increase in B-site ordering, while the dielectric constant κ is relatively independent of ordering. Our results also show that BMT is a candidate substrate for high Tc superconductor thin films as it has one of the highest Q values known for the oxide perovskite family, along with its matching thermal expansion coefficient α=9.0×10−6/ °C and twin-free cubic perovskite structure with a=4.0877 A(ring). BMT single crystals grown by the LHPG technique are probably the highest melting oxide compounds grown to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field forced phase switching in La-modified lead zirconate titanate stannate thin films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1699-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electric field forced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase switching has been demonstrated in thin films of Pb0.97La0.02(Zr,Ti,Sn)O3 perovskites for the first time. Several compositions in the tetragonal antiferroelectric phase field of this system were prepared in thin film form by a sol-gel technique. Forward and reverse switching threshold fields of 27–103 kV/cm and 18–62 kV/cm, respectively, were determined from polarization-electric field hysteresis and incremental capacitance data. Switching times as fast as 300 ns were recorded for one of the antiferroelectric compositions. An electric field induced longitudinal strain of 0.16% was measured for a film of composition (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.60Ti0.10Sn0.30)O3 using a laser ultradilatometer. These films are candidate materials for high charge storage integrated capacitors and microelectromechanical devices requiring large nonlinear strain response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of composition and temperature on electric fatigue of La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7433-7443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Composition and temperature of ferroelectric La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics influence its electric fatigue behavior, defined as the degradation of the electrical properties under the action of an ac field applied for a long time. Compositions of rhombohedral symmetry exhibit little or no fatigue compared with those of tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetry. At temperatures higher than the dielectric maximum, no fatigue effect was detected. Compositions close to phase boundaries (FE-AFE, FE-FE, or FE-PE) display significant fatigue behavior. Electric fatigue arises from the pinning of domains by space charges or injected carriers or from microcracking. The former (which are charge related) is accompanied by smaller strains and is recoverable by thermal and electrical treatment, while the latter (arising from microcracking) arises from large incompatible stresses between grains and is a permanent damage. The understanding of the mechanism of electric fatigue gained in the present study provides guidelines for enhancing the long-term reliability of devices based on ferroic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356637
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of microwave dielectric properties using the parallel-plate dielectric resonance technique (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3935-3936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A modified field model of the parallel-plate open dielectric resonator is adopted to measure the dielectric constants and loss tangents of low loss materials. The measurement accuracy using this model is justified by comparing the results with those measured by other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate in the electric field biased state (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3181-3187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The aging characteristics of the electrostrictive lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate [(1−x)PMN–xPT] under dc bias field were investigated. It was observed that the amount of aging increases with the PT content for the compositions investigated (x≤0.3). For a fixed composition, the aging rate rises with temperature. It was shown that the aging follows a stretched exponential time law, which is typical for the time-dependent behavior in polar glass and random field systems. In PMN–PT, the dielectric constant shows a much weaker aging than the piezoelectric coefficient, reflecting the importance of the stress coupling of the defect field to the micropolar region during the aging since the polar vector of the microregions can have both 180° and non-180° reorientations while only the non-180° reorientation contributes to the observed piezoelectric effect. Experimental results also reveal that the defect field developed during the aging in these materials under dc bias field is quite different from those in normal ferroelectrics and in Mn-doped PMN and 0.9 PMN–0.1PT. The direction of the defect electric field is opposite to the direction of the original dc bias field, indicating that the defect field is the result of a direct coupling to the external bias field rather than induced by the polar domains. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness-dependent electrical characteristics of lead zirconate titanate thin films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3981-3986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate thin films of morphotropic phase boundary composition were fabricated through the sol-gel spin-on technique to study the thickness dependence of electrical characteristics. At saturation, the films exhibited a dielectric constant of 1300, dissipation factor of 0.03, Curie temperature of 366 °C, remanent polarization of 36 μC/cm2, coercivity of around 30 kV/cm, and dielectric breakdown strength of over 1 MV/cm. The temperature dependence of permittivity showed an anomalous behavior with annealing temperature. The high temperature dielectric behavior of the films were distinguished by smeared and stunted dielectric maximum. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the electromechanical response and polarization of electric field biased ferroelectrics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2549-2555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electromechanical and dielectric responses of ferroelectric materials near paraelectric–ferroelectric (PF) phase transitions are examined both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the type of PF transition, i.e., first order and continuous transitions, and diffused phase transition found in relaxor ferroelectrics, has marked effect on the electromechanical and dielectric response behavior for materials under electric field bias. It is demonstrated that an exceptionally large piezoelectric and electromechanical response can be achieved in materials with a first order PF transition. For example, in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (x∼0.35) ceramics at room temperature, a piezoelectric d33 larger than 1500 pm/V with very little frequency dispersion can be obtained. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358785
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the morphotropic phase boundary lead barium niobate (PBN) single crystals at low temperature (10–300 K) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 6405-6410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature (10–300 K) dielectric and pyroelectric properties of morphotropic-phase-boundary lead-barium-niobate tungsten-bronze ferroelectric single crystals have been investigated. Strong "Debye-like'' dielectric dispersion, along a nonpolar direction (perpendicular to the polarization direction), has been observed and characterized by dielectric spectrum techniques. A direct charge measurement method has been used to study the low-temperature pyroelectric properties in polar and nonpolar directions. A "frozen-in'' polarization component in a nonpolar direction is also reported. The low-temperature relaxation effects are explained by the internal reorientation polarization perturbation and a thermally agitated local dipole fluctuation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345164
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency strain response in ferroelectrics and its measurement using a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2807-2813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we report on a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer which is capable of measuring the ultrashort time strain response of a sample. Using this instrument, the dispersion of piezoelectric and electrostrictive coefficients of several commonly used ferroelectrics was measured. The strain switching behavior of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) 9/65/35 driven by a square pulse electric field was studied. The results show that the switching rise time of the strain response for PLZT 9/65/35 can be much shorter than 5 μs at a pulse field strength near 25 kV/cm and that the fall time of the strain response is considerably shorter than the rise time in the experimental field strength range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342744
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