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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 741-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 2 GLYCINE + H2O SERINE + CO2 + NH3 + 2H+ + 2e- Photorespiration is considered wasteful because it loses CO2 and energy, but little emphasis has been placed on the simultaneous and stoichiometric release of NH3. Based on estimates of photorespiration in wheat leaves of 80 mol CO2 h-1 g-1 fresh ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275741a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between deterrence and toxicity of plant secondary compounds for the alfalfa weevil Hypera brunneipennis (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Deterrence ; oral dosing ; toxicity ; diet breadth ; Hypera brunneipennis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of plant secondary compounds, several of which are quite widespread in nature were tested for their deterrence to the specialist coleopteran Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) in short-term behavioral assays. The compounds were nicotine, quinine, sparteine, hordenine, linamarin, amygdalin, sinigrin, morin, juglone, chlorogenic acid, digitonin, mimosine, diosgenin, rutin and ursolic acid. Nine of these were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over one to two weeks of adult life, using fecundity as a measure of the effects. In only one case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341092
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of plant chemistry on the acceptability of caterpillar prey to the argentine antIridomyrmex humilils (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 579-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; predation ; chemical defense ; nicotine ; Lepidoptera ; plant/insect interactions ; herbivore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed to test the acceptability of two palatable, cryptic caterpillars, the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, and the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni, reared on different diets, to the Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilis. Ants preferred larvae reared on artificial diet, groundcherry, or cowpea to tobacco-reared larvae. Ants also preferred larvae reared on artificial diet without nicotine to larvae reared on diet containing nicotine (5% dry wt). Experiments were also performed to test the response of ants to larval extracts and chemicals applied to the surface of palatable prey. Ants did not respond differently to larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella, treated with larval extracts or regurgitate from tobacco-reared larvae compared to artificialdiet-reared larvae, but ants were deterred byP. operculella larvae treated with nicotine compared to untreated larvae. The results of this study indicate that caterpillars can derive at least some degree of chemical protection from their food plant without sequestering and storing plant compounds and without the development of elaborate aposematic characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum group elements in mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Western Gneiss Terrain, Western Australia (1987)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 36 (1987), S. 247-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Lokalitäten New Norcia and Yornup befinden sich im hochmetamorphen Teil des Yilgarn-Blockes, dem Western Gneiss Terrain. Die New Norcia Abfolge besteht aus Amphiboliten und amphibolitischen Sepentiniten mit gabbronoritischer und olivin-gabbronoritischer sowie aus Serpentiniten mit harzburgitischer Zusammensetzung. Im Hangenden sind die Amphibolite mit Quarziten und Psammiten verzahnt. Lherzolite, Harzburgite und untergeordnet auch Dunite bilden den ultramafischen Teil der Yornup-Abfolge, deren mafische Einheit aus Amphiboliten gabbronoritischer bis olivin-gabbronoritischer Zusammensetzung besteht und in einem Teil Differentiation zeigt. Chondrit-normalisierte PGE Verteilungsmuster von Lherzoliten und Harzburgiten beider Lokalitäten zeigen einen schwach positiven Trend von Iridium zu Gold; die PGE-Gehalte sind ca. 0.01 fach chondritisch. Die PGE-Gehalte sulfidhaltiger Gesteine sind ca. 0.1 fach chondritisch und zeigen starke Palladium-Anreicherungen. Aus dem flachen Verlauf der PGE-Kurven wird auf einen hohen Aufschmelzungsgrad und nur unbedeutende Differentiation geschlossen. In den mobilisierten Sulfiden fand eine Fraktionierung der PGE statt und führte insbesondere zu einer starken Anreicherung des Palladiums. Die PGE-Kurven sind denen von Komatiiten und den mit diesen assoziierten Nickelsulfiden ähnlich und unterscheiden sich deutlich von steilen Kurven archaischer Tholeiite. Es wird angenommen, daß vor der metamorphen Überprägung des WGT ein in der Zusammensetzung Komatiiten ähnelndes Magma zwischen einem protokontinentalen Basement und daraufliegenden Sedimenten intrudierte und sillförmige Körper bildete.
    Notes: Summary The New Norcia and the Yornup bodies are situated within the high-grade Western Gneiss Terrain of the Yilgarn Block. The New Norcia body consists of mafic and ultramafic rocks of gabbronoritic, olivine-gabbronoritic and harzburgitic composition respectively, metamorphosed to amphibolite, amphibolitic serpentinite and serpentinite. The upper part of the body is conformably intercalated with quartzites and minor psammites. The Yornup body consists of an ultramafic zone, mainly of lherzolitec and harzburgitic and minor dunitic composition and a mafic zone of olivine-gabbronorite, which has partly been differentiated. Chondrite-normalized PGE patterns of lherzolites and harzburgites from both localities show gentle, positive trends and abundances of approximately 0.01 times C 1. Patterns of sulphide-bearing rocks are about 0.1 times C 1, with Pd strongly enriched. The flat patterns suggest that the magma was derived from high degrees of partial melting and underwent only minor differentiation. Mobilization of sulphides fractionated the PGE and particularly enriched palladium. The patterns resemble those of komatiites and komatiite-related nickel sulphides. They are distinct from steep positively trending patterns characteristic of Archean tholeiites. It is assumed that prior to the main metamorphic event, magma compositionally similar to that of komatiites intruded at the contact of a protocontinental basement and overlying sediments forming sill-shaped bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01163263
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in loop six of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase affect substrate specificity (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 187 (1992), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Gene mutation ; Specificity factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutagenesis in vitro of the gene encoding the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) from Anacystis nidulans Synechococcus PCC 6301) was used to generate novel enzymes in Escherichia coli. Residues in C-terminal loop 6 of the β/α barrel structure of the large subunit were changed. Replacement of valine 331 with alanine caused a 90% reduction in V max but did not alter the enzyme's relative specificity towards either of its gaseous substrates, CO2 and O2. However replacement of alanine 340 with glutamate decreased the enzyme's specificity for CO2 but had no significant effect on either the K m for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate or CO2 or on V max. In contrast replacing a small cassette of residues 338-341 produced a small increase in the specificity factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201631
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalist caterpillar prey are more palatable than specialists for the generalist predator Iridomyrmex humilis (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Predation ; Host range ; Prey acceptability ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments are described which test the hypothesis that more host-specific species of caterpillars should be less aceptable to a generalist predator than polyphagous species. Caterpillars of all species were tested in paired choice tests with the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis. Experiments were replicated ten times, videotaped and later analyzed. Brightly colored specialist species (normally considered to be aposematic) were clearly the least palatable, while more cryptic specialists were also significantly less acceptable than generalists overall. Leaf-tying species were considered separately; all were highly palatable independent of host range. The results indicate that among caterpillars that do not construct leaf shelters, those with a wide post range are more acceptable than those with a narrow host range. This is consistent with the notion that generalist predators provide selection pressure favoring narrow host range in their herbivorous prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384324
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acceptability of different sugars and oils to three tropical ant species (Hymen., Formicidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 69 (1996), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Baits are generally more effective than insecticidal sprays and dusts for controlling ant infestations. It is important to use a highly acceptable food attractant in order for baits to be effective. We examined the acceptability of 6 sugars and oils to 3 ant species,Pheidole megacephala (Fab.),Ochetellus glaber (Mayr), andParatrechina longicornis (Latr.). One of these sugars, melezitose, is a trisaccharide found only in the honeydew of homopterous insects.P. megacephala showed a significant preference for melezitose over maltose and trehalose, but not over fructose and surcose. O.glaber significantly preferred sucrose over maltose andP. longicornis did not show any significant preferences for the different sugars.P. megacephala showed a significant preference for olive oil. NeitherO. glaber norP. longicornis showed a preference for the different oils and there were very low numbers ofO. glaber andP. longicornis workers attracted to oiltreated disks. Hence, oil-based baits would probably not be effective for controlling either of these latter two ant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907668
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purified Ribulose-P2 carboxylase from wheat with high specific activity and with fast activation (1984)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 5 (1984), S. 47-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ribulose-P2 ; carboxylase ; wheat ; high specific activity ; fast activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018374
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of two hymenopteran predators to surface Chemistry of their prey: Significance for an alkaloid-sequestering caterpillar (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Hymenoptera ; predation ; sequestration ; chemical ; defense ; cuticle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofUresiphita reversalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sequester quinolizidine alkaloids from their leguminous hosts and store them primarily in the cuticle. Stored alkaloids are lost with the last larval molt. Extracts of late-instar larvae and of pupae were applied to larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Gelichiidae), which are normally palatable to two hymenopteran predators, the Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Formicidae), and the paper wasp,Mischocyttarus flavitarsus (Sauss.) (Vespidae). Larvae ofP. operculella treated with alkaloid extracts ofU. reversalis larval exuviae, or with surface extracts of whole larvae, were deterrent to both predators, compared to untreated prey. Extracts of pupal exuviae added toP. operculella, however, were not deterrent.P. operculella larvae treated with the authentic alkaloids sparteine and cytisine were also deterrent to these hymenopteran predators. Storage of small but concentrated amounts of plant secondary compounds in the cuticle appears to be an efficacious means of defense against at least two common predators of lepidopteran larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994340
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating the mechanism of 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene formation: Condensation of 1-methylethyl 3-oxo-4-(triphenylarsoranylidene)butanoate with 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctanalDedicated to Prof. Heinrich Nöth on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 9 (1998), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Condensation of [3-(1-methylethoxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]triphenylarsonium bromide 8 with 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal 10 in the presence of a base gave bis(1-methylethyl) 4,7-dihydroxy-2-(6-methoxy-2,6-dimethylheptyl)-3,5,7-cycloheptatriene-1,3-dicarboxylate 7b. The formation of 7b can be explained by a number of consecutive steps. The mechanism, strongly supported by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, suggests that an aldol condensation of the γ-arsonium ylide 2b and the aldehyde 10 takes place as the initiating step and is followed by a Michael addition of the aldol product and the γ-arsonium ylide 2b. Then an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution and elimination of triphenylarsine, followed by base-catalyzed elimination of a second molecule triphenylarsine takes place to produce 7b. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:411-418, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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