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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: This unique book presents a new perspective on citizenship by treating it as a continuing focus of dispute. The authors develop a view of citizenship as always emerging from struggle through an exploration of the entanglements of politics, culture and power that are both embodied and contested in forms and practices of citizenship. This book will mainly appeal to scholars and students engaged by the question of citizenship, across a range of disciplines, as well as policymakers and practitioners.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Brazil ; Civil society ; France ; Nation state ; Neoliberalism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The book presents a novel examination of urban commons which provides a robust base for education initiatives and future public policy guidance on the protection and use of urban commons as invaluable urban green spaces that offer a diverse cultural and ecological resource for future communities. The book's central argument is that only through a deep understanding of the past and a rigorous engagement with present users, can we devise new futures or imaginaries of culture, well-being and diversity for the urban commons. It argues that understanding the genesis of, and interactions between, the different pressures on urban green space has important policy implications for the delivery of nature conservation, recreational access and other land use priorities. The stakeholders in today’s urban commons, whether land users, policy makers or the public, are the inheritors of a complex cultural legacy and must negotiate diverse and sometimes conflicting objectives in their pursuit of a potentially unifying goal: a secure future for our urban commons. The book offers a unique and strongly interdisciplinary study of urban commons, one that brings together original historical investigation, contemporary legal scholarship, extensive oral history research with user groups, and research examining the imagined futures for the urban common in modern society. It explores the complex social and political history of the urban common, as well as its legal and cultural status today, using four diverse case studies from within England as exemplars of the distinctively urban common. These are Town Moor in Newcastle, Mousehold Heath in Norwich, Clifton and Durdham Downs in Bristol and Valley Gardens in Brighton. The book concludes by looking forward and considering new tools and methods of negotiation, inclusivity and creativity to inform the future of these case studies, and of urban commons more widely. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the commons, green spaces, urban planning, environmental and urban geography, environmental studies and natural resource management.
    Keywords: commons;culture;England;ecology;green;history;past;present;urban ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNW The Earth: natural history: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Geology 329-331 (2012): 34-45, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.006.
    Description: Pockmark fields occur throughout northern North American temperate estuaries despite the absence of extensive thermogenic hydrocarbon deposits typically associated with pockmarks. In such settings, the origins of the gas and triggering mechanism(s) responsible for pockmark formation are not obvious. Nor is it known why pockmarks proliferate in this region but do not occur south of the glacial terminus in eastern North America. This paper tests two hypotheses addressing these knowledge gaps: 1) the region's unique sea-level history provided a terrestrial deposit that sourced the gas responsible for pockmark formation; and 2) the region's physiography controls pockmarks distribution. This study integrates over 2500 km of high-resolution swath bathymetry, Chirp seismic reflection profiles and vibracore data acquired in three estuarine pockmark fields in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. Vibracores sampled a hydric paleosol lacking the organic-rich upper horizons, indicating that an organic-rich terrestrial deposit was eroded prior to pockmark formation. This observation suggests that the gas, which is presumably responsible for the formation of the pockmarks, originated in Holocene estuarine sediments (loss on ignition 3.5–10%), not terrestrial deposits that were subsequently drowned and buried by mud. The 7470 pockmarks identified in this study are non-randomly clustered. Pockmark size and distribution relate to Holocene sediment thickness (r2 = 0.60), basin morphology and glacial deposits. The irregular underlying topography that dictates Holocene sediment thickness may ultimately play a more important role in temperate estuarine pockmark distribution than drowned terrestrial deposits. These results give insight into the conditions necessary for pockmark formation in nearshore coastal environments.
    Description: Graduate support for Brothers came from a Maine Economic Improvement Fund Dissertation Fellowship.
    Keywords: Pockmarks ; Methane ; Redoximorphic features ; Swath bathymetry ; Gulf of Maine ; Bay of Fundy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6032-6038 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements have been made of the linearity of a high transition temperature dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) operated at 77 K with 130 kHz flux modulation in a flux-locked loop. The degree of nonlinearity was determined from harmonic generation. A sinusoidal magnetic flux with harmonic content less than −130 dB was applied to the SQUID, which was cooled in a magnetic field below 10−7 T, and the harmonics at the output of the flux-locked loop were measured with a spectrum analyzer. For input signals at frequencies up to 248 Hz and amplitudes up to 20Φ0 rms (Φ0 is the flux quantum), the second, third, and fourth harmonics were each at least 115 dB below the fundamental. At higher frequencies the harmonic content began to increase because of the reduction in the open-loop gain of the flux-locked loop. The magnitude of the harmonics was not measurably changed when the SQUID was cooled in a field of 100 μT. The amplitudes of the even harmonics depended critically on the amplitude of the 130 kHz flux modulation, and became zero when its peak-to-peak value was precisely Φ0/2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1129-1142 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One can use a direct current (dc) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) as a current amplifier by injecting a signal current Is into part of the superconducting loop and detecting the resultant change in critical current Ic. The current gain max ||dIc/dIs|| can be increased by making the inductances of the two arms of the SQUID asymmetric, thereby skewing the transfer function Ic vs Is. Detailed simulations of the device performance include an analysis of the impact of inductance and junction asymmetry on the transfer function. At 77 K a maximum current gain of 5 should be achievable albeit for frequencies below 1 GHz. An increase in the operating speed to 2 GHz can be achieved by reducing the gain to 2. We have fabricated asymmetric YBa2Cu3O7−x dc SQUIDs on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates and operated them at 77 K. Using a second, readout SQUID to monitor changes in the critical current, we have achieved a low-frequency current gain up to 2.3. By coupling two SQUIDs together, we have increased the gain to 8.5. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 683-702 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The construction of microelectronic circuits from high-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductors requires techniques for producing thin-film wires, insulating crossovers, and vias (window contacts) between wires. Together, these three components form a superconducting interconnect technology. The challenges encountered in developing such a technology for high-Tc superconductors involve factors associated with the materials, the circuits and the fabrication techniques. The use of pulsed laser deposition in conjunction with shadow mask patterning, photolithographic pattern definition, acid etching, ion-beam etching, and surface cleaning to produce multilayer interconnects from YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) is discussed. These processes have been used to construct a variety of passive high-temperature superconducting components and circuits, including crossovers, window contacts, multiturn coils, and flux transformers. Integrated magnetometers incorporating superconducting quantum interference devices, multichip modules with semiconductor die bonded to YBCO interconnect structures, and analog-to-digital converters have also been successfully demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 172-181 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Springs for scanning force microscopy (SFM) are described which incorporate two separate advances: Their shape significantly reduces the effect of photon shot noise in the optical beam deflection method, and they are endowed with very sharp tips through a unique process based on controlled fracture of micromachined structures. With this readout method, the noise in the measured tip position is limited by photon shot noise, which is proportional to the ratio of the effective length of the spring to the length of the mirror. Cantilever springs optimized for this parameter are described, with a measured white noise level of 29 fm/(square root of)Hz at 210 μW of laser power; torsion springs for which the mirror length exceeds the effective length yielded a theoretical noise level of 7.2 fm/(square root of)Hz at this power. Cantilever springs optimized for this parameter are described, with a measured white noise level of 29 fm/(square root of)Hz at 210 μW of laser power; torsion springs for which the mirror length exceeds the effective length yielded a theoretical noise level of 7.2 fm/(square root of)Hz at this power. The latter is lower than the noise of an ideal fiber interferometer at the same power, demonstrating that the optical-beam-deflection method can be made competitive with interferometric methods for noise-critical SFM applications. This novel tip making technique generates cube-corner-shaped tips, with a radius which is unresolvable in scanning electron microscope images, implying that it is less than 10 nm. These tips are intended for samples whose features are in the size range 0.5–20 nm, where the tip curvature is the resolution limiting factor. To demonstrate their performance in this regime, the tips were used to image single collagen molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3691-3693 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A magnetic flux stabilization scheme involving a low-frequency flux-locked loop has been developed to regulate the gain of a radio-frequency amplifier based on a superconducting quantum inteference device (SQUID). The flux-locked loop largely eliminates drifts in the gain arising from drifts in the flux bias. Tests on a microstrip SQUID amplifier operating at 777 MHz inside a superconducting shield show that the peak-to-peak drift in the gain is no more than 0.3 dB/day. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2890-2893 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spectrometer based on a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) has been developed for the direct detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) at frequencies up to 5 MHz. The sample is coupled to the input coil of the niobium-based SQUID via a nonresonant superconducting circuit. The flux locked loop involves the direct offset integration technique with additional positive feedback in which the output of the SQUID is coupled directly to a low-noise preamplifier. Precession of the nuclear quadrupole spins is induced by a magnetic field pulse with the feedback circuit disabled; subsequently, flux locked operation is restored and the SQUID amplifies the signal produced by the nuclear free induction signal. The spectrometer has been used to detect 27Al NQR signals in ruby (Al2O3[Cr3+]) at 359 and 714 kHz. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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