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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Garching bei München
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.1026(77)
    In: MPE-Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 23 S.
    Series Statement: Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik, Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik 77
    Language: English
    Location: Magazine - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 22 (1984), S. 359-387 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The gamma ray monitor1 consists of a shielded 3 inch by 3 inch Nal(TJ) crystal located in the rotating wheel compartment of OSO-7. Two pulse height spectra are accumulated simultaneously in the solar and background quadrants (Fig. 1) over - 90 wheel rotations in a 377-channel quadratic2 pulse ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 6 (1969), S. 339-350 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experiment has been performed to search for the existence of a flux of solar neutrons at the earth using a detector sensitive to neutrons in the energy region 20–120 MeV. The instrument was carried by balloon to an atmospheric depth of ≈ 4 g/cm2, from Palestine, Texas on the morning of November 2, 1967 and flown through sunrise and for about 7 hours into the day. Numerous flares of importance 1B or less occurred during the float period. By comparison of night and day counting rates we have deduced that the upper limit to the continuous emission of solar neutrons at the earth is ≈ 2 × 10−2 neutrons/cm2 sec in the above energy region. Using a theoretical form for the neutron differential energy spectrum we have expressed this result as an upper limit differential solar neutron flux. If neutrons were emitted in association with any of the small flares then the maximum flux at the earth was less than ≈ 4 × 10−2 neutron/cm2 sec in the same energy region. The minimum detectable flux with the present instrument is therefore well below the predicted flux from a 3B flare (e.g., Nov. 12, 1960) of 5→50 neutrons/cm2 sec.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Solar Maximum Mission Gamma Ray Experiment (SMM GRE) utilizes an actively shielded, multicrystal scintillation spectrometer to measure the flux of solar gamma rays. The instrument provides a 476-channel pulse height spectrum (with energy resolution of ∼7% at 662 keV) every 16.38 s over the energy range 0.3–9 MeV. Higher time resolution (2 s) is available in three windows between 3.5 and 6.5 MeV to study prompt gamma ray line emission at 4.4 and 6.1 MeV. Gamma ray spectral analysis can be extended to ≳15 MeV on command. Photons in the energy band from 300–350 keV are recorded with a time resolution of 64 ms. A high energy configuration also gives the spectrum of photons in the energy range from 10–100 MeV and the flux of neutrons ≳20 MeV. Both have a time resolution of 2 s. Auxiliary X-ray detectors will provide spectra with 1-sec time resolution over the energy range of 10–140 keV. The instrument is designed to measure the intensity, energy, and Doppler shift of narrow gamma ray lines as well as the intensity of extremely broadened lines and the photon continuum. The main objective is to use this time and spectral information from both nuclear gamma ray lines and the photon continuum in a direct study of the dynamics of the solar flare/particle acceleration phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 86 (1983), S. 383-393 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The recent gamma ray and neutron observations made by the SMM Gamma Ray Spectrometer are reviewed. The implication these observations hold for understanding particle acceleration in solar flares are discussed. The data require that both electrons and ions must be accelerated together to relativistic energies and interact with matter in a time scale of seconds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were made of the time-averaged gamma ray energy loss spectrum in the energy range 360 keV to 7 MeV by the gamma ray detector on the OSO-7 satellite during the 3B flare on August 4, 1972. The differential photon spectrum unfolded from this spectrum after subtracting the background spectrum and contributions from gamma ray lines is best described by a power law with spectral index of 3.4±0.3 between 360–700 keV and by an exponential law of the form exp (-E/E 0) with E 0 = 1.0±0.1 MeV above 700 keV. It is suggested that this spectrum is due to nonthermal electron bremsstrahlung from a population of electrons, with a strong break in the spectrum at 2 MeV. Since the observational data indicates that the matter number density must be n H ⩾ 5 × 1010 cm-3 in the production region, the number of electrons above 100 keV required to explain the results is ⩽2 × 1034.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Particle acceleration is intrinsic to the primary energy release in the impulsive phase of solar flares, and we cannot understand flares without understanding acceleration. New observations in soft and hard X-rays, γ-rays and coherent radio emissions are presented, suggesting flare fragmentation in time and space. X-ray and radio measurements exhibit at least five different time scales in flares. In addition, some new observations of delayed acceleration signatures are also presented. The theory of acceleration by parallel electric fields is used to model the spectral shape and evolution of hard X-rays. The possibility of the appearance of double layers is further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 725-726 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON 24 April 1984 a major solar flare erupted on the Sun. Newly repaired and redeployed, the Solar Maximum Mission 2 (SMM 2) satellite was in a perfect position - pointing towards active region 4474 - to see it. Several of the instruments on board observed this flare, which was the largest seen by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 311 (1984), S. 360-362 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Annihilation lines have been reported in 5% of the bursts observed by the Konus instruments from 1978 to 19821'3. The typical emission features observed by Konus are centred at 400-450 keV and have widths of -200 keV (FWHM). The strong feature in the 5 March 1979 burst2 fits this description; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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