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  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pegmatite von Pegmatite Peak (Bearpaw Mts., Montana) sind aus dem Restdifferentiat einer nephelinsyenitischen Schmelze, die an Sr, Ba, leichten SEE und Nb angereichert war, auskristallisiert. Diese Gesteine bestehen hauptsächlich aus Mikroklin (max. 1.1 Gew.% Na2O und max. 1.0 Gew.% BaO), alteriertem Nephelin (verdrängt durch Analcim, Zeolithe, Muscovit und Gibbsit) und prismatischem Agirin, welcher von einem Aggregat aus fasrigem und strahligem Ägirin umgeben ist. Als frühe akzessorische Mineralien sind Mg-Fe Glimmer, Rutil, Zirkon, titanführender Magnetit und Thorit auskristallisiert. Anschließend bildete sich eine Vielzahl seltener, Sr-, Ba, leichter SEE- und Nb-reicher Mineralien aus. In den Proben von Pegmatite Peak sind drei Hauptphasen in der Entwicklung der akzessorischen Sr-, Ba-, SEE- und Nb-Mineralisation zu unterscheiden: eine primäre, eine agpaitische und eine deuterische. Primär wurden Sr, SEE und Nb in Betafit, Loparit-(Ce), Crichtonit und Mineralien der Ilmenitgruppe eingebaut. Betafit (Ta-arm, SEE- und Th-reich) ist ein sehr seltenes Mineral in den Pegmatiten, und hat die inkompatiblen Elemente nur unbedeutend konzentriert. Loparit-(Ce) entsteht im wesentlichen durch den Austausch von Sr und Ca durch Nb, Na und SEE; d.h. durch Umwandlung von strontium- und niobhältigem Loparit (≤ 22.0 Gew.% SrO) zu niobhältigem Loparit (≤ 17.6 Gew.% Nb2O5). Crichtonit enthält eine geringe Menge Na, Ca und K, ist ohne feststellbare SEE und Ba und ist gewönlich Mn-reich (7.0-13.6 Gew.% MnO). Mineralien der Ilmenitgruppe entwickeln sich von manganfiihrendem Ilmenit hin zu eisenführendem Pyrophanit und haben relativ niedrige Nb-Gehalte (≤ 0.9 Gew.% Nb2O5). Während der agpaitischen Phase waren Silikate wie Lamprophyllit, Titanit und Mineralien der Tscheffkinitgruppe die wichtigsten Träger von inkompatiblen Elementen. Lamprophyllit ist generell Ba-arm und ist durch relativ niedrige Ca- und K-Gehalte charakterisiert. Nur wenige kleine Kristalle zeigen barytolamprophyllitische Ränder (〈 26.3 Gew.% BaO). Fe ist im Titanit (Al-frei) abgereichert während Nb, Sr, SEE und Na (jeweils max. 6.4, 4.5, 4.4 und 2.9 Gew.% Oxid) angereichert wurden. Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Titanits kann durch mehrere Substituierungen erklärt werden: Ca l++Ti4+~Nal+-I-Nbs+, Ca2+ ⇐ Sr2+, 2Ca2+ ⇐Na1++REE3+, und Ca2+ +O2− ⇐Na1+ +(OH)1−. Mineralien der Tscheffkinitgruppe entwickeln sich aus Sr-reichen (Strontiotscheffkinit) hin zu SEE-reichen Gliedern [Tscheffkinit-(Ce)]. Strontiotscheffkinit von Pegmatite Peak mit hohem ZrO2-(〈 7.8 Gew.%) und niedrigem FeOT-Gehalt (〈 2.5 Gew.%) hat eine ähnliche Zusammensetzung wie der Holotyp von Sarambi. Während der letzten Phasen der Bildung der Pegmatite brachte ein deuterisches, F-haltiges, Sr- und SEE-reiches Fluid Karbonate und in geringer Mengen Phosphate in Spalten und Hohlräumen im Gestein zur Ausfällung. Ankylit-(Ce) ist das häufigste Sr- und SEE-führende Mineral dieser jüngsten Mineralassoziation. Manche einzelne Ankylitkristalle zeigen eine bedeutende Anreicherung von Th (〈 6.0 Gew.% ThO2). Ankylit, Bastnäsit, “Metaloparit” und TiO2 (Anatas?) ersetzten den ursprünglichen Loparit. Typische Verdrängungen zeigen sich als Körner mit loparitischen Kernen, welche örtlich mit “Metaloparit” verwachsen sind, weiters einer Bastnäsit-Anatas Zwischenzone und einem ankylitischen Rand. Fluorapatit ist hier ein seltenes Mineral und hat sehr hohe Sr-, Na- und SEE-Gehalte (jeweils 21.4, 2.6 und 12.9 Gew.% Oxid). Von der chemischen Zusammensetzung aus gesehen gehört dieses Mineral zur Fluoapatit-Belovit-(Ce)-Mischkristallreiche. Während der deuterischen Phase dienten die Mineralien der Hollanditgruppe untergeordnet als Träger für Ba; sie legen die Entwicklung von Priderit (5.2 Gew.% K20, 7.4 Gew.% BaO) zu Ba-Fe-Hollandit (19.2–21.4 Gew.% BaO). Somit ist die Entwicklung der Sr-, SEE-, Ba- und Nb-Mineralisation ein komplexer mehrphasiger Prozeß und umfaßt die primäre Kristallisation, Reäquilibrierungsphänomene und eine späte deuterische Alteration.
    Notes: Summary The pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak (Bearpaw Mts., Montana) crystallized from an evolved fraction of nepheline-syenitic melt enriched in Sr, Ba, light REE and Nb. These rocks are composed essentially of microcline (up to 1.1 wt.% Na2O and 1.0 wt.% BaO), altered nepheline (replaced by analcime, zeolites, muscovite and gibbsite), and prismatic aegirine set in an aggregate of fibrous and radial aegirine. The early accessory assemblage includes Mg-Fe mica, rutile, zircon, titaniferous magnetite and thorite. Precipitation of these phases was followed by crystallization of a plethora of rare minerals enriched in Sr, Ba, light REE and Nb. Three major stages are distinguished in the evolution of this mineralization: primary, agpaitic and deuteric. Primary repositories for Sr, REE and Nb included betafite, loparite-(Ce), crichtonite and ilmenite-group minerals. Betafite (Ta-poor, REE- and Th-rich) is present in very minor amounts and did not contribute significantly to the sequestration of incompatible elements from the nepheline-syenite melt. Loparite-(Ce) evolved predominantly by depletion in Sr and Ca and enrichment in Nb, Na and REE, i.e. from strontian niobian loparite (up to 22.0 wt.% SrO) to niobian loparite (up to 17.6 wt.% Nb2O5). Crichtonite contains minor Na, Ca and K, lacks detectable Ba and REE, and is unusually enriched in Mn (7.0–13.6 wt.% MnO). The ilmenite-group minerals evolved from manganoan ilmenite to ferroan pyrophanite, and have relatively low Nb contents (≤ 0.9 wt.% Nb2O5). During the agpaitic stage, the major repositories for incompatible elements were silicates, including lamprophyllite, titanite and chevkinite-group minerals. Lamprophyllite is generally poor in Ba, and contains relatively minor Ca and K; only few small crystals exhibit rims of barytolamprophyllite with up to 26.3 wt.% BaO. Titanite is devoid of Al and depleted in Fe, but significantly enriched in Nb, Sr, REE and Na: up to 6.4, 4.5, 4.4. and 2.9 wt.% oxides, respectively. The chemical complexity of titanite suggests involvement of several substitution mechanisms: Ca2++Ti4+⇐Na1++Nb5+, Ca2 ⇐Sr2+, 2Ca2+⇐Na1++REE3+, and Ca t++OZ-~--Nal+ + (OH)1−. Chevkinite group minerals evolved from Sr-rich (strontiochevkinite) to REE-rich compositions [chevkinite-(Ce)]. Strontiochevkinite from Pegmatite Peak is compositionally similar to the type material from Sarambi, and has high ZrO2 (up to 7.8 wt.%) and low FeOT (≤ 2.5 wt.%) contents. During the final stages of formation of the pegmatites, a deuteric F-bearing fluid enriched in Sr and REE precipitated carbonates and minor phosphates confined to fractures and cavities in the rock. In this youngest assemblage of minerals, ancylite-(Ce) is the most common Sr-REE host. Some discrete crystals of ancylite show significant enrichment in Th (up to 6.0 wt.% ThO2). Ancylite-(Ce) and bastnaesite associated with “metaloparite” and TiO2 (anatase?) comprise a replacement assemblage after primary loparite. The typical replacement pattern includes a loparite core with locally developed “metaloparite”, surrounded by a bastnaesite-anatase intermediate zone and an ancylite rim. Fluorapatite is rare, and has very high Sr, Na and REE contents, up to 21.4, 2.6 and 12.9 wt.% oxides, respectively. Compositionally, this mineral corresponds to the solid solution series between fluorapatite and belovite-(Ce). At this stage, hollandite-group minerals became a minor host for Ba; they demonstrate the evolutionary trend from priderite (5.2 wt. % K2O, 7.4 wt. % BaO) to Ba-Fe hollandite (19.2–21.4 wt. % BaO). Thus, the evolution of Sr, REE, Ba and Nb mineralization was a complex, multi-stage process, and involved primary crystallization, re-equilibration phenomena and late-stage deuteric alteration.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 396-405 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Perovskite ; Loparite ; Thorutite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The existence of an incomplete solid solution series between loparite (NaLREETi2O6), a member of the perovskite mineral group, and thorutite (ThTi2O6) is established on the basis of experimental and mineralogical data. The products of low- and high-pressure synthesis in the system NaLaTi2O6– ThTi2O6 were studied by energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry and Rietveld analysis. At atmospheric pressure, Th is incorporated in loparite as both ThTi2O6 and Na2ThTi3O9. In synthetic systems, the maximum determined ThTi2O6 content of loparite is 18 mol%, with a corresponding A-site cation deficiency of 9%. The structure of such loparite is tetragonal and presumably derived from the cubic aristotype by octahedral rotation [I4/mcm, a=5.4652(1) Å, c=7.7476(2) Å]. At a pressure of 6 GPa, no solubility between loparite and ThTi2O6 is observed, and Th is accommodated in the loparite structure entirely as Na2ThTi3O9 (up to 30 mol%). Naturally occurring loparite contains up to 29 mol% ThTi2O6, based on the conventional method of analysis recalculation, or 23.5 mol% ThTi2O6, assuming the presence of protons at the vacant A-sites. ThTi2O6 synthesized by the solid-state reaction, crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry [C2/m, a=9.8140(2) Å, b=3.8228(1) Å, c=7.0313(2) Å,β=118.82(1)°]. Atomic coordinates for ThTi2O6 obtained in this study from X-ray powder data, as well as structural parameters derived from the new data, are in a good agreement with those known from single-crystal refinement. ThTi2O6 does not crystallize at high pressure, and Th is accommodated in perovskite-type compounds and cubic ThO2 that provide a twelve- and eight-fold coordination site for Th, respectively.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 583-589 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Perovskite ; Loparite ; Tausonite ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Perovskite-type compounds in the series tausonite-loparite, (Sr1−2 x Na x La x )TiO3, were synthesized by solid-state reaction (final heating at 1200–1300 °C), and studied using “conventional” and synchrotron X-ray powder diffractometry. The structures of intermediate compositions were determined using the Rietveld profile refinement method. In the compositional range 0 ≤x ≤ 0.1, the series comprises perovskites characterized by an undistorted cubic structure (space group Pm3¯m, a ≈ 3.905–3.902 Å, Z = 1). Intermediate compounds in the range 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.35 crystallize with tetragonal symmetry (I4/mcm, a ≈  , c ≈  , Z = 4) derived from the cubic aristotype by antiphase rotation of the TiO6 octahedra about a fourfold axis. The angle of rotation estimated from the positional parameters of oxygen atoms ranges from 2.5(7)° to 5.5(4)°. The cubic-to-tetragonal transition arises from substitution of Sr2+ by the comparatively smaller Na1+ and La3+ cations. A further transition from the tetragonal to rhombohedral symmetry (R3¯c, a ≈  , c ≈ 2 , Z = 6) occurs between x = 0.35 and 0.40, and apparently does not involve formation of perovskite with an intermediate two-tilt structure (Imma). The rhombohedral structure is characterized by a multicomponent octahedral tilt about a threefold axis ranging in magnitude from 6.5(2)° to 7.7(2)°. In the series (Sr1−2 x Na x La x )TiO3, the unit-cell dimensions decrease, and the degree of structural distortion increases with x.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-12-01
    Description: Cerianite-(Ce), ideally CeO2, occurs as rounded grains up to 5 µm across in a block of highly altered calcite carbonatite lava from the Kerimasi volcano, and as euhedral crystals up to 200 µm across in carbonatite-derived eluvial deposits in the Kisete and Loluni explosion craters in the Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania. X-ray powder diffraction data (a = 5.434(5) Å) and Raman spectroscopy (minor vibration modes at 184 and 571 cm-1 in addition to a strong signal at 449 cm-1) suggest the presence of essential amounts of large cations and oxygen vacancies in the Kisete material. Microprobe analyses reveal that the mineral contains both light and heavy trivalent rare earth elements (REE) (7.9–15.5 wt.% LREE2O3 and 4.9–9.7 wt.% HREE2O3), and that it is enriched in yttrium (7.1–14.5 wt.% Y2O3) and fluorine (2.2–3.5 wt.%). Single-crystal structure refinement of the mineral confirms a fluorite-type structure with a cation–anion distance of 2.3471(6) Å. The cerianite-(Ce) is considered to be a late-stage secondary mineral in the carbonatitic rocks.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-06-02
    Description: Zoned crystals of carbocernaite occur in hydrothermally reworked burbankite-fluorapatite-bearing calcite carbonatite at Bear Lodge, Wyoming. The mineral is paragenetically associated with pyrite, strontianite, barite, ancylite-(Ce), and late-stage calcite, and is interpreted to have precipitated from sulfate-bearing fluids derived from an external source and enriched in Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare-earth elements (REE) through dissolution of the primary calcite and burbankite. The crystals of carbocernaite show a complex juxtaposition of core-rim, sectoral, and oscillatory zoning patterns arising from significant variations in the content of all major cations, which can be expressed by the empirical formula (Ca 0.43–0.91 Sr 0.40–0.69 REE 0.18–0.59 Na 0.18–0.53 Ba 0–0.08 ) 1.96–2.00 (CO 3 ) 2 . Interelement correlations indicate that the examined crystals can be viewed as a solid solution between two hypothetical end-members, CaSr(CO 3 ) 2 and NaREE(CO 3 ) 2 , with the most Na-REE-rich areas in pyramidal (morphologically speaking) growth sectors representing a probable new mineral species. Although the Bear Lodge carbocernaite is consistently enriched in light REE relative to heavy REE and Y (chondrite-normalized La/Er = 500–4200), the pyramidal sectors exhibit a greater degree of fractionation between these two groups of elements relative to their associated prismatic sectors. A sample approaching the solid-solution midline [(Ca 0.57 Na 0.42 ) 0.99 (Sr 0.50 REE 0.47 Ba 0.01 ) 0.98 (CO 3 ) 2 ] was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shown to have a monoclinic symmetry [space group P 11 m , a = 6.434(4), b = 7.266(5), c = 5.220(3) Å, = 89.979(17)°, Z = 2] as opposed to the orthorhombic symmetry (space group Pb 2 1 m ) proposed in earlier studies. The symmetry reduction is due to partial cation order in sevenfold-coordinated sites occupied predominantly by Ca and Na, and in tenfold-coordinated sites hosting Sr, REE, and Ba. The ordering also causes splitting of carbonate vibrational modes at 690–740 and 1080–1100 cm –1 in Raman spectra. Using Raman micro-spectroscopy, carbocernaite can be readily distinguished from burbankite- and ancylite-group carbonates characterized by similar energy-dispersive spectra.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: This paper presents a microbeam (electron microprobe, Raman spectroscopic and X-ray microdiffraction) study of cancrinite-group minerals of relevance to alkaline igneous rocks. A solid solution is known to exist between cancrinite and vishnevite with the principal substitutions being by and Ca for Na. In the present study, several intermediate members of the cancrinite–vishnevite series from a syenitic intrusion at Cinder Lake (Manitoba, Canada), were used to examine how chemical variations in this series affect their spectroscopic and structural characteristics. The Cinder Lake samples deviate from the ideal cancrinite–vishnevite binary owing to the presence of cation vacancies. The only substituent elements detectable by electron microprobe are K, Sr and Fe (0.03–0.70, 0–0.85 and 0–0.45 wt.% respective oxides). The following Raman bands are present in the spectra of these minerals: ~631 cm –1 and ~984–986 cm –1 [ vibration modes]; ~720–774 cm –1 and ~1045–1060 cm –1 [ vibration modes]; and ~3540 cm –1 and 3591 cm –1 [H 2 O vibration modes]. Our study shows a clear relationship between the chemical composition and Raman characteristics of intermediate members of the cancrinite–vishnevite series, especially with regard to stretching modes of the and anions. From cancrinite-poor (Ccn 6.5 ) to cancrinite-dominant (Ccn 91.3 ) compositions, the vibration modes disappear from the Raman spectrum, giving way to modes. X-ray microdiffraction results show a decrease in unit-cell parameters towards cancrinite-dominant compositions: a = 12.664 (1) Å, c = 5.173(1) Å for vishnevite (Ccn 22 ); a = 12.613 (1) Å, c = 5.132(1) Å for cancrinite (Ccn 71 ). Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy and X-ray microdiffraction are effective for in situ identification of microscopic grains of cancrinite–vishnevite where other methods (e.g. infrared spectroscopy) are inapplicable. The petrogenetic implications of cancrinite–vishnevite relations for tracing early- to late-stage evolution of alkaline magmas are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
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  • 7
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    Mineralogical Society of America
    In: Elements
    Publication Date: 2012-10-18
    Description: The rare earth elements (REEs) are all around us, not only in nature but in our everyday lives. They are in every car, computer, smartphone, energy-efficient fluorescent lamp, and color TV, as well as in lasers, lenses, ceramics, and more. Scientific applications of these elements range from tracing the provenance of magmas and sediments to studying body structures with magnetic resonance imaging. The realization that we need rare earths for so many applications, but that their supply is effectively restricted to several mining districts in China, has brought these elements to the headlines and created a critical-metals agenda. Here we introduce the REE family: their properties, minerals, practical uses, and deposits. Potential sources of these elements are diverse and abundant if we can overcome the technical challenges of rare earth mining and extraction in an environmentally and socially responsible way.
    Print ISSN: 1811-5209
    Electronic ISSN: 1811-5217
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-10-18
    Description: Deposits of rare earth elements (REEs) in igneous rocks have played an instrumental role in meeting the growing industrial demand for these elements since the 1960s. Among the many different igneous rocks containing appreciable concentrations of REEs, carbonatites and peralkaline silicate rocks are the most important sources of these elements, both historically and for meeting the anticipated growth in REE demand. The contrasting geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE mineralization in carbonatites, peralkaline feldspathoid rocks, and peralkaline granites reflect different sources and evolutionary pathways of their parental magmas, as well as differences in the extent of postmagmatic reworking of primary REE minerals by hydrothermal fluids.
    Print ISSN: 1811-5209
    Electronic ISSN: 1811-5217
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-01-03
    Description: Vladykinite, ideally Na 3 Sr 4 (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ )Si 8 O 24 , is a new complex sheet silicate occurring as abundant prismatic crystals in a dike of coarse-grained peralkaline feldspathoid syenite in the north-central part of the Murun complex in eastern Siberia, Russia (Lat. 58° 22' 48'' N; Long. 119° 03' 44'' E). The new mineral is an early magmatic phase associated with aegirine, potassium feldspar, eudialyte, lamprophyllite, and nepheline; strontianite (as pseudomorphs after vladykinite) and K-rich vishnevite are found in the same assemblage, but represent products of late hydrothermal reworking. Vladykinite is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 5, and distinct cleavage on {100}. In thin section, it is colorless, biaxial negative [α = 1.624(2), β = 1.652(2), = 1.657(2), 2 V meas = 44(1)°, 2 V calc = 45(1)°] and shows an optic orientation consistent with its structural characteristics ( X^a = 5.1° in β obtuse, Z^c = 4.7° in β acute, Y = b ). The Raman spectrum of vladykinite consists of the following vibration modes (listed in order of decreasing intensity): 401, 203, 465, 991, 968, 915, 348, 167, 129, 264, 1039, and 681 cm –1 ; O-H signals were not detected. The Mössbauer spectrum indicates that both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ are present in the mineral (Fe 3+ /Fe = 0.47), and that both cations occur in a tetrahedral coordination. The mean chemical composition of vladykinite (acquired by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry), with Fe recast into Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in accord with the Mössbauer data, gives the following empirical formula calculated to 24 O atoms: (Na 2.45 Ca 0.56 ) 3.01 (Sr 3.81 K 0.04 Ba 0.02 La 0.02 Ce 0.01 ) 3.90 (Fe 2+ 0.75 Fe 3+ 0.66 Mn 0.26 Zn 0.16 Al 0.12 Mg 0.05 Ti 0.01 ) 2.01 (Si 7.81 Al 0.19 ) 8.00 O 24 . The mineral is monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / c , a = 5.21381(13), b = 7.9143(2), c = 26.0888(7) Å, β = 90.3556(7)°, V = 1076.50(5) Å 3 , Z = 2. The ten strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [ d obs in Å ( I ) ( hkl )]: 2.957 (100) (23, 123); 2.826 (100) (17, 117); 3.612 (58) (14, 114); 3.146 (37) (120); 2.470 (32) (210, 01.10); 4.290 (30) (11, 111); 3.339 (30) (06, 115, 106); 2.604 (28) (200); 2.437 (25) (034); 1.785 (25) (21.10, 34). The structure of vladykinite, refined by single-crystal techniques on the basis of 3032 reflections with F o 〉 4 F o to R 1 = 1.6%, consists of tetrahedral sheets parallel to (100) and consisting of (Si 8 O 24 ) 16– units incorporating four-membered silicate rings and joined into five- and eight-membered rings by sharing vertices with larger tetrahedra hosting Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mn, Zn, Al, Mg, and Ti. Larger cations (predominantly Na, Sr, and Ca) are accommodated in octahedral and square-antiprismatic interlayer sites sandwiched between the tetrahedral sheets. Structural relations between vladykinite and other sheet silicates incorporating four-, five-, and eight-membered rings are discussed. The name vladykinite is in honor of Nikolay V. Vladykin (Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Russia), in recognition of his contribution to the study of alkaline rocks. Holotype and co-type specimens of the mineral were deposited in the Robert B. Ferguson Museum of Mineralogy in Winnipeg, Canada.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-03-05
    Description: The crystal structure of magbasite from the Eldor carbonatite complex, Quebec, Canada, has been determined and indicates that the currently accepted formula should be revised to KBaFe 3+ Mg 7 Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2 F 6 . Magbasite is orthorhombic, space group Cmme ( Cmma ), with unit-cell parameters a 18.9506(3) Å, b 22.5045(3) Å, c 5.2780(1) Å, V 2250.93(6) Å 3 ( Z = 4). The structure has been solved and refined to final agreement indices R 1 = 0.026, wR 2 = 0.052, GooF = 1.116 for a total of 2379 unique reflections, and is a new kind of trellis motif related to amphibole and carpholite topologies. An amphibole-like I-beam ||(100) of edge-sharing octahedrally-coordinated M (1,2,3) sites, which are filled by Mg, is sandwiched between double-chains of SiO 4 tetrahedra || c . This I-beam is connected to side-ribbons ||(010) of edge-sharing (Mg,Fe 2+ )O 4 (OH,F) 2 and Fe 3+ O 4 (OH) 2 octahedra to form a tunnelled box or trellis structure very like that of carpholite, for which the I-beams are pyroxene-like. K occupies a tunnel site analogous to the A site of amphibole. Ba occupies a cavity site at the corners where the I-beam and side-ribbon meet, and corresponds to the A site of carpholite. The structural relations between magbasite and carpholite are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
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