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1

Electronic Resource

Kernel Color Variability of Hard White and Hard Red Winter Wheat (1999)

Wu, Jiming ; Carver, Brett F. ; Goad, Carla L.

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 634-638

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Triticum aestivum L.) production area of the Great Plains requires discrimination between the two classes if they are to be bred and marketed concurrently. Visual discrimination would be an advantage to a HWW selection program where segregation for kernel color is expected. This study was conducted to quantify genetic variability and genotype × environment (GE) interaction for kernel color. Twenty-four HWW winter wheat experimental lines, three HWW cultivars, and five HRW cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design in one greenhouse and eight field environments during 2 yr. The harvested grain of each plot was visually rated by a color-rating scale having equidistant values of 1 (lightest) to 10 (darkest). Average color rating ranged from 1.6 to 5.8 across genotypes and from 2.0 to 3.8 across environments. Though the majority of HWW genotypes had a mean rating of ≤3, variation among single ratings of red and white genotypes was nondiscrete. Variation in kernel color was partly attributed to GE interaction, but genetic differences in color expression and stability were found among HWW genotypes. The HRW cultivar, Custer, and two HWW lines demonstrated exceptional stability based on regression and rank statistics. Genotypic differences in kernel color were not associated with differences in kernel hardness or date of physiological maturity. The presence of genetic variation for kernel color should favor selection for lighter and more consistent bran color.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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Sprout Damage and Preharvest Sprout Resistance in Hard White Winter Wheat (1999)

Wu, Jiming ; Carver, Brett F.

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 441-447

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Triticum aestivum L., in the Great Plains introduces the possibility of preharvest sprouting (PHS) that is often not expressed among widely grown hard red winter (HRW) cultivars. Field experiments were conducted to learn the severity of sprouting likely to occur in contemporary HWW wheat. Specific objectives were to (i) determine the level of sprout damage in Great Plains environments for HWW and HRW genotypes, (ii) assess the level of PHS resistance among the two classes, and (iii) determine the relative merits of germination tests and spike-wetting treatments. Twenty-four HWW experimental lines, three HWW cultivars, and five HRW cultivars were evaluated at Stillwater and Lahoma, OK, in 1995 and 1996. Differences in sprout damage measured at two harvest dates were clearly evident between HRW and HWW entries. Pre-harvest sprout resistance measured at physiological maturity varied widely among HWW lines. No line was as resistant as Plainsman V, a HRW cultivar previously not known to possess high PHS resistance. Two lines were equivalent to the most resistant HWW cultivar, Rio Blanco. Major genes for red kernel color did confer some protection from pre-harvest sprouting, but their absence did not preclude useful levels of resistance. Chaff tissue played a minor role in influencing genetic differences in resistance. Germination percent at physiological maturity was strongly correlated with field measurements of sprout damage and showed high repeatability. Future improvement of PHS resistance is needed in HWW wheat and should emphasize this component.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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3

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Relationship between relative water content during reproductive development and winter wheat grain yield (1990)

Tahara, Makoto ; Carver, Brett F. ; Johnson, Richard C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 255-262

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; drought resistance ; grain yield ; relative water content ; selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Water is often the most limiting factor to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the southern Great Plains of the U.S.A., yet the lack of reliable screening criteria has precluded direct selection for drought resistance in breeding programs. Previous work showed that leaf relative water content (RWC) was highly heritable when measured under field-drought conditions, but its adoption as a screening tool for yield improvement requires further investigation of the genetic relationship between grain yield and RWC. Plants representing high and low yield potential under drought stress, and a random group of plants, were selected from an F2 population having the pedigree, TAM W-101/Sturdy. Two sets of entries, each comprised of the two parents and 24 F2-derived lines, were evaluated under a rainshelter in the F3 (1986) and F4 (1987) generations to determine differences in leaf RWC during reproductive development. One set of entries did not receive any water after the jointing stage, and the other set was grown under well-watered conditions. A positive relationship was observed between grain yield and RWC measured during anthesis and mid-grain fill, as the high-yield selections maintained a significantly higher RWC than the low-yield selections. Grain yield and RWC were also positively associated among random selections segregating for both traits. Subsequent adjustment of genotype means for differences in reproductive development at time of sampling underscored the need to consider differences in maturity when RWC is the selection criterion.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036297

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4

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Genetic analysis and selection for wheat yield in drought-stressed and irrigated environments (1992)

Ud-Din, Nasir ; Carver, Brett F. ; Clutter, Archie C.

Springer

Euphytica 62 (1992), S. 89-96

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; stress tolerance ; genetic variance ; genetic correlation ; selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in the southern Great Plains of the U.S.A. are exposed to a wide range of moisture conditions due to large fluctuations in the amount and frequency of rainfall. Yield stability under those conditions is therefore a desirable trait for wheat breeders. Our primary objective was to quantify various genetic parameters for grain production in drought-stressed and irrigated environments. We also attempted to predict and measure yield responses when selection is practiced in either drought-stressed or irrigated environments, or both. Seventy F2-derived lines from the cross, TAM W-101/Sturdy, were evaluated at Goodwell, OK, under irrigated and naturally drought-stressed conditions in 1987 and 1988. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were higher in the irrigated environment than in the drought-stressed environment. The genetic correlation coefficient for yields in the two environments was 0.20±0.16, indicating that selection of widely adapted genotypes requires testing in both environments. Based on the genetic variance/covariance structure of this particular population, the linear index which maximized the combined expected gain in both environments was 0.66Y1 + 0.34Y2, in which Y1 and Y2 are yields in the irrigated and drought-stressed environments. This index is not expected to apply across all populations; rather, it further supports the hypothesis that testing in either environment alone (drought stressed or irrigated) may not be most effective for increasing either mean productivity or yield under drought stress.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037933

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5

Electronic Resource

Cytological identification of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations in winter wheat breeding lines (1988)

Rayburn, A. Lane ; Carver, Brett F.

Springer

Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 237-240

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; Secale cereale L. ; chromosome banding ; N-banding

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The incorporation of rye (S. cereale L.) chromatin into winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars is often achieved via hybridization of unadapted wheat-rye translocation lines with adapted wheat germplasm. Identification of progenies possessing the translocated chromosome has traditionally involved phenotypic screening for the desired rye characteristics. In this study, the Giemsa N-banding technique was evaluated as a potential screening tool for detection of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations. Five breeding lines were examined from the pedigree Aurora/2*TAM W-101. The differential banding patterns of chromosome 1B contributed by TAM W-101 and chromosome 1B/1R contributed by Aurora allowed unequivocal identification of translocation genotypes. Three of the lines were found to be heterogeneous, whereby plants were homozygous for either the normal 1B or the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The remaining two lines were observed to be homozygous and homogeneous for the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The implication of N-banding chromosomal analyses to wheat breeding is presented.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023526

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6

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Genetic diversity of photosynthetic characters in native populations of Triticum dicoccoides (1990)

Carver, Brett F. ; Nevo, Eviatar

Springer

Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 119-128

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ISSN: 1573-5079

Keywords: adaptation ; genetic variation ; photosynthesis ; wild emmer

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn) has shown wide genetic diversity for disease resistance and morpho-physiological traits of economic importance. Our objectives were to test for genetic variation (VG) in photosynthetic characteristics residing within and between native populations sampled from three ecogeographical regions of Israel, and to identify potential sources of high photosynthetic efficiency for future wheat improvement. Accessions sampled in the center of wild emmer distribution (upper Jordan Valley) in a relatively narrow geographical range showed the greatest diversity in CO2-assimilation rate per unit leaf area (A) or per unit chlorophyll (A/Chl). Genetic variation was absent for internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and water-use efficiency (WUE) and generally lacking for stomatal conductance (gs). Leaf area, although quite variable, was not a significant cofactor in assessing genetic potential for photosynthesis. Accessions within a given population showed 10-times more variation in A and A/Chl than populations sampled from different locations in a region. Accessions with the highest photosynthetic efficiency were derived from upland steppic populations located in marginal habitats extending southward into Israel. Some accessions having high photosynthetic capacity (A=32 μmol m-2 s-1) with no significant reduction in leaf size constitute a potentially valuable genetic resource yet untapped for genetic improvement of hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) wheat.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035460

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7

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Genetic analysis of photosynthetic variation in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat and their interspecific hybrids (1989)

Carver, Brett F. ; Johnson, Richard C. ; Rayburn, A. Lane

Springer

Photosynthesis research 20 (1989), S. 105-118

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ISSN: 1573-5079

Keywords: photosynthesis ; genetic variation ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Triticum dicoccoides Korn ; introgression

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Intra- and inter-specific variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) in Triticum spp. is well documented for reproductive growth stages. Research was conducted to characterize early vegetative photosynthetic variation in a diverse set of cultivated hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) germplasm and in wild tetraploid (T. dicoccoides Korn) and hexaploid x tetraploid populations. Choice of hexaploid genotypes was based on maximum genetic distance between cultivars within the HRW and SRW wheat classes of the USA. The tetraploid material was produced by hybridizing two accessions of T. dicoccoides previously shown to differ widely in A and A/Chl but with similar leaf morphology. Genetic variability in the HRW and SRW gene pools was attributed to more recently developed descendent lines and unrelated lines rather than parental lines. Phenotypic distributions for A, stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) in the F2 tetraploid population were continuous and showed transgressive segregation, reflecting quantitative inheritance with intermediate heritability. Variability in A was not associated with chlorophyll content or CO2 supply to the mesophyll measured as Ci. Genetic variability in A was also observed in the interspecific backcross population, 2*TAM W-101/PI 428109, thereby providing a germplasm pool to select for high A while restoring the D genome of hexaploid wheat. These results suggest that genetic improvement of vegetative assimilation rate is feasible in hexaploid wheat via homologous transfer from an alien source.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034120

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