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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 50 (1985), S. 725-727 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 53 (1988), S. 318-327 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 107 (1985), S. 5305-5306 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 110 (1988), S. 860-864 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 573-582 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Anomalous oxidation of noble metals such as platinum is now an established feature of metal cluster/ oxygen gas reactions. The same type of process at polycrystalline metal electrodes in aqueous media is assumed to give rise to incipient hydrous oxide formation. This approach was used here to rationalize the electrocatalytic behaviour of palladium, with regard to both oxidations and reductions, in aqueous acid and base. The activity of palladium was not dramatically different to that of platinum, and the presence of an unusual peak at about 0.23 V vs RHE in the case of palladium in acid is rather similar in character to the so-called anomalous hydrogen peak previously described for platinum under similar conditions. For both metals (and a similar claim was made recently for gold) an adatom/incipient hydrous oxide transition is assumed to be involved, and it is interesting that the onset/termination potential for hydrazine oxidation under potential sweep conditions virtually coincided with the potential for this minor peak or transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 913-922 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Although the conventional cyclic voltammetry behaviour of platinum in aqueous acid media is not markedly dependent on temperature there is one quite interesting temperature effect in the hydrous oxide growth reaction. In multilayer oxide growth under potential cycling conditions at 273 K the optimum lower limit was found to be about 0.25 V (not 0.58 V as demonstrated earlier for the same reaction at room temperature). This suggests that partial retention of the monolayer oxide is not required for hydrous oxide growth; one of the main functions of the multicycling procedure is to repetitively activate the metal surface so that continued hydrous oxide growth can take place. With such a negative value for the lower limit the multilayer oxide deposit obtained is virtually pure HO2 material; HO1 (or mixtures of HO1 and HO2) were produced by using a more positive value for the lower limit. Some interesting anomalies in platinum oxide electrochemistry are outlined that again highlight the fact that this is a more complex system than is generally realized.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Application of simultaneous ultrasound to representative solution-phase reversible voltammetric couples produce a step-shaped voltammogram at platinum electrodes of both ‘macro’ and ‘micro’ dimensions. The limiting current increases with ultrasonic power, but is not markedly affected by ultrasonic frequency in the 20–800kHz region. In contrast the complex voltammetry of a platinized platinum electrode surface within the hydrogen adsorption regime in aqueous acid medium is very little affected by sonication. Factors affecting the reproducibility of sonoelectrochemical experiments when employing ultrasonic sources are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 1053-1058 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The adatom/incipient hydrous oxide mediator model for electrocatalysis at a metal/solution interface is outlined in a general manner and examined with particular reference to the behaviour of silver in base. A low level transition, involving less than 0.1% of the surface metal atoms, was observed at ∼0.4 V (RHE). Above this value (where Ag adatoms are assumed to oxidise to hydrous oxide) anodic reactions, e.g. HCHO oxidation or Ag dissolution in the presence of CN−, take place; below this value (where the adatom is unoxidized) cathodic processes, e.g. nitrobenzene or nitrate ion reduction, are catalysed at adatom sites. The role of subsurface oxygen, which may be an inhibiting factor in the case of nitrate reduction, is a feature requiring further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of hydrous oxide films grown on platinum in both acid and base was investigated as a function of holding potential in solutions of different pH. In contrast to similar films grown on gold —whose behaviour was described earlier—the stability of the bulk of the hydrous oxide deposits on platinum was not very dependent on solution pH. This was attributed to a rather facile rearrangement, in the case of platinum, of the initially anionic oxide species to a virtually neutral state. However, there was invariably a minor component in these deposits that was difficult to reduce in base; this probably involves an outer layer of oxide material (the latter being in contact with the aqueous phase) which retained its hyperextended, anionic form. Reduction of the bulk hydrous oxide in base showed a marked degree of inhibition in the region of 0 V(RHE); the effect seemed to be related to the presence of weakly bound hydrogen on the platinum surface. The hydrous oxide growth process on platinum showed a marked dependence on electrode history—this is a topic for further investigation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 593-601 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrous (or β) oxide. films produced on platinum in acid at room temperature usually give rise to two reduction peaks, in addition to the monolayer oxide response, on a negative sweep extending to about 0V. This has been attributed to the presence of two hydrous oxide components (designated as HO1 and HO2) in the film. It was confirmed in the present work that under more severe conditions, 3.0 m H2SO4 at 60°C, an additional, quite significant, peak — apparently due to the presence of a further hydrous oxide component (HO3) — may be observed. The approximate peak maximum potential values (RHE scale) were 0.4 V (HO1), 0.2 V (HO2) and 0.0 V (HO3); the E p values are given here only as a guide: the processes involved occur under very irreversible conditions and the values vary with factors such as sweep rate, film thickness, temperature, etc. The differences in behaviour between these components is assumed to be due to factors such as the degree of aggregation and compactness in different regions of the gel-type, amorphous deposit. A brief account is given of the increasing evidence from different laboratories of unusual responses for platinum electrodes in aqueous acid solution.
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