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  • 1
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    Hate Speech Law (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Hate speech law can be found throughout the world. But it is also the subject of numerous principled arguments, both for and against. These principles invoke a host of morally relevant features (e.g., liberty, health, autonomy, security, non-subordination, the absence of oppression, human dignity, the discovery of truth, the acquisition of knowledge, self-realization, human excellence, civic dignity, cultural diversity and choice, recognition of cultural identity, intercultural dialogue, participation in democratic self-government, being subject only to legitimate rule) and practical considerations (e.g., efficacy, the least restrictive alternative, chilling effects). The book develops and then critically examines these various principled arguments. It also attempts to de-homogenize hate speech law into different clusters of laws/regulations/codes that constrain uses of hate speech, so as to facilitate a more nuanced examination of the principled arguments.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; hate speech ; free speech ; speech regulation ; speech law ; philosophy of law ; political philosophy ; defamation ; discrimination ; harassment ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet photodissociation of HCl in selected rovibrational states: Experiment and theory (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10259-10268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical methods have been applied to investigate the effect of internal parent excitation on the ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of HCl (X 1Σ+) molecules. Jet-cooled H35Cl molecules within a time-of-flight mass spectrometer were prepared by infra-red absorption in the following quantum states: v=1, J=0 and J=5; v=2, J=0 and J=11; v=3, J=0 and J=7. The excited molecules were then photodissociated at λ∼235 nm and the Cl(2Pj) photofragments detected using (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. The results are presented as the fraction of total chlorine yield formed in the spin–orbit excited state, Cl(2P1/2). The experimental measurements are compared with the theoretical predictions from a time-dependent, quantum dynamical treatment of the photodissociation dynamics of HCl (v=1−3, J=0). These calculations involved wavepacket propagation using the ab initio potential energy curves and coupling elements previously reported by Alexander, Pouilly, and Duhoo [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 1752 (1993)]. The experimental results and theoretical predictions share a common qualitative trend, although quantitative agreement occurs only for HCl (v=2).© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481707
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the effects of absolute laser phase on the interaction of a pulsed laser with polar versus nonpolar molecules (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 9351-9365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absolute laser phase dependence of the time-dependent populations of the molecular states, including the steady-state (long time) populations of the states, associated with the interaction of a molecule with a pulsed laser is investigated using illustrative two-level examples. One-photon transitions, including the effects of permanent dipoles, are discussed as a function of the pulse duration, intensity, and (absolute) laser phase, for selected laser frequencies. The effects of laser phase can be large, depending on the values of the pulse duration for a given frequency and intensity. The effects of permanent dipoles, relative to no permanent dipoles, are significant for large laser field strengths ε0. When the laser-molecule coupling parameter b=μ12ε0/E21≥0.2, where μ12 and E21 are the transition dipole and energy difference between the ground and excited states, respectively, the dynamics of the pulse-molecule interaction are (strongly) phase dependent, independent of pulse duration, whereas the corresponding steady-state populations of the molecular states may or may not be phase-dependent depending on the pulse duration. Analytical rotating wave approximations for pulsed laser-molecule interactions are useful for interpreting the dynamics and the steady-state results as a function of field strength and pulse duration, including the effects of permanent dipole moments. The results reported in this paper are based on molecular parameters associated with an S0→S1 electronic transition in a dipolar molecule. However, they are presented in reduced form and therefore can be scaled to other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Short, intense pulses at or beyond the limits of current laser technology will often be required for the types of absolute laser phase effects of this paper to be appreciable for electronic excitations. The discussion, in the UV-VIS, also suffers from the use of a two-level model and from the requirement of field intensities that can be beyond the Keldysh limit. For other spectral regions, these absolute laser phase effects will be much more readily applicable. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477596
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase mechanism: oxygen-18 studies of fatty acid release from acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 24 (1985), S. 8012-8016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00348a026
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization and reconstitution of chick renal mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 25 (1986), S. 2692-2696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00357a061
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammalian utilization of cutin, the cuticular polyester of plants (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 26 (1978), S. 1263-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60219a055
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision-induced absorption in the ν2 fundamental band of CH4. I. Determination of the quadrupole transition moment (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 8852-8857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental value for the quadrupole transition moment of the ν2 fundamental band of CH4 has been determined by fitting the collision-induced enhancement spectrum of CH4 with Ar as the perturber. The observed quadrupole-induced absorption increases linearly with the Ar density, ρAr, and is comparable to the allowed dipole intensity due to Coriolis interaction with the ν4 band at approximately 125 amagats. Ignoring vibration-rotation interaction and Coriolis interaction,, we equate the measured slope of the integrated intensity versus ρAr to the theoretical expression for the quadrupole-induced absorption, and obtain the value |〈0|Q|ν2〉|=0.445 ea02 for the quadrupole transition matrix element. A theoretical value 〈0|Q|ν2〉=0.478 ea02 has been determined by large-scale ab initio calculations and, considering both the theoretical approximations and experimental uncertainties, we regard the agreement as good, thus confirming our interpretation of the enhancement as due to the quadrupole collision-induced mechanism. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1408915
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuum state spectroscopy: A high resolution ion imaging study of IBr photolysis in the wavelength range 440–685 nm (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 2629-2646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of jet-cooled IBr molecules has been investigated at numerous excitation wavelengths in the range 440–685 nm using a state-of-art ion imaging spectrometer operating under optimal conditions for velocity mapping. Image analysis provides precise threshold energies for the ground, I(2P3/2)+Br(2P3/2), and first excited [I(2P3/2)+Br(2P1/2)] dissociation asymptotes, the electronic branching into these two active product channels, and the recoil anisotropy of each set of products, as a function of excitation wavelength. Such experimental data have allowed mapping of the partial cross-sections for parallel (i.e., ΔΩ=0) and perpendicular (i.e., ΔΩ=±1) absorptions and thus deconvolution of the separately measured (room temperature) parent absorption spectrum into contributions associated with excitation to the A 3Π(1), B 3Π(0+) and 1Π(1) excited states of IBr. Such analyses of the continuous absorption spectrum of IBr, taken together with previous spectroscopic data for the bound levels supported by the A and B state potentials, has allowed determination of the potential energy curves for, and (R independent) transition moments to, each of these excited states. Further wave packet calculations, which reproduce, quantitatively, the experimentally measured wavelength dependent product channel branching ratios and product recoil anisotropies, serve to confirm the accuracy of the excited state potential energy functions so derived and define the value (120 cm−1) of the strength of the coupling between the bound (B) and dissociative (Y) diabatic states of 0+ symmetry. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337049
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISTAR — a tool for creative design of knowledge bases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper gives a comprehensive explanation of the Istar knowledge representation software tool. Not only does it describe the features and facilities found in Istar, but it discusses why they are as they are.Istar is one of a new generation of knowledge representation tools, aimed at ill-structured domains of knowledge. While it can be used in traditional KBS projects, in which pieces of knowledge from a domain expert are assembled to form a working knowledge base, it is designed for situations in which there is a large element of creative design: knowledge refinement and generation resulting from the knowledge representation process.The knowledge representation ‘language’ is purely graphical; the knowledge engineer ‘draws’ knowledge on an easel as a box and arrows diagram. Behind this diagram is the knowledge base itself, in the form of integrated inference nets, Bayesian nets and semantic nets. This paper discusses the reasons for these design choices and, briefly, some of the issues faced in development of Istar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00124.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin–orbit branching in the photodissociation of HF and DF. I. A time-dependent wave packet study for excitation from v=0 (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 1870-1878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation dynamics of HF and DF, following A 1Π←X 1Σ+ electronic excitation, are examined using time-dependent wave packet techniques. The calculations are based on new multireference configuration interaction calculations of the potential energy curves and complete active space self-consistent field calculations of the off-diagonal spin–orbit coupling matrix elements. The calculated branching fraction for the formation of excited state fluorine, F*(2P1/2), following excitation from the ground vibrational state (v=0) of HF, agrees well with the value of 0.41±0.08 measured experimentally at 121.6 nm by Zhang et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 7027 (1996)]. Predictions are made for the excited spin–orbit state branching fraction for both HF and DF over a wide range of photon excitation energies. The results for HF and DF are discussed in context with the corresponding results for the photodissociation of HCl and DCl. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.482075
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