Publication Date:
2024-03-07
Description:
Since poison gas was used during World War I, long-range bombers had been introduced and tensions were rising in Europe, the Air Raid Precautions Act was passed in the Netherlands in 1936. The legislation emphasised individual responsibility for self-protection. This meant that citizens had to buy a gas mask themselves. The Gas Mask Decree (1937) required all gas mask models for Civil Defence units and civilians to be approved by the Dutch State Arsenal. Facepieces and filter canisters had to be marked with the State Acceptance Number and year(s) of approval and production. This paper identifies and describes the gas masks used by police, fire brigades, Civil Defence units and individual citizens, 1931-1940. Three models are heavy, regular Army box respirators, whose filter containers are worn in a haversack on the chest. All the other models are lighter civilian gas masks, with an easily replaceable screw-on filter canister attached to the facepiece. The gas masks were carried in a basic satchel or cylindrical metal case. Two Dutch-made gas masks have a peculiar design: the Veritex gas mask’s facepiece has a swimcap type hood; the Hevea-Electro Model 128 gas mask’s facepiece has no outlet valve. Air is inhaled and exhaled through the filter canister.
Keywords:
gas mask, people’s mask, air attack, air raid precautions services, poison gas, mustard gas
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bic Book Industry Communication::1 Geographical Qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Continental Europe::1DDN Netherlands
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bic Book Industry Communication::2 Language qualifiers::2A Indo-European languages::2AC Germanic & Scandinavian languages::2ACD Dutch
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bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history
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bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFU Public safety issues
Language:
Dutch
Format:
image/jpeg
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