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  • 1
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    Fluid motions in a low-G environment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The importance of natural convection and other fluid motions in low-g space processing is now well recognized. Recent space experiments in the areas of natural convection and material processing, as well as results of theoretical studies, have yielded much needed information on fluid behavior in low-g environments. The state of knowledge of fluid motions in low-g environments is reviewed and the dimensional analysis approach used to assess the relative importances of various driving forces for fluid flow in four of the Skylab material processing experiments outlined. Results of dimensional analyses for the Skylab experiments, subsequently confirmed by actual space data, are presented. Finally, the limits of dimensional analysis in assessment studies are indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 691-727
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Analysis of liquid dynamics for M551 and M553 Skylab space processing experiments (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 227-245
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Beading and spiking phenomena in the M551 metals melting experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was made regarding the beading and spiking phenomena observed in the M551 metals melting experiment conducted during the Skylab I mission in June 1973. An analysis was made of the beading phenomenon based on the Karman vortex shedding theory. The results tend to support the hypothesis that beading which occurred in the stainless and tantalum samples was a Karman vortex street formation. A dynamic model of cavity oscillation is discussed to explain the spiking phenomenon which was observed in the stainless steel and tantalum samples. Calculations of spiking frequency indicate that the intensity of spiking depends primarily on the vapor pressure and surface tension properties of the material, and is only slightly affected by the level of gravitation acceleration.
    Keywords: MATERIALS, METALLIC
    Type: NASA-CR-120352 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D390181-ADD
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  • 4
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    Research study on materials processing in space experiment M512 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study program was conducted to clarify the role of gravity in the fluid mechanics of certain molten metal processes of potential significance to manufacturing in space. In particular, analyses were conducted of the M551 Metals Melting Experiment and the M553 Sphere Forming Experiment to be conducted in the M512 Facility onboard Skylab. The M551 experiment consisted of a study of electron beam welding of various metals, and the M553 experiment studied the formation of molten metal spheres by free-floating in a near zero-gravity environment. The analyses of these experiments and a comparison with ground-based and KC135 experimental results are presented.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-CR-120185 , TR-D-306954
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  • 5
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    Research study on materials processing in space experiment M512 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study program was conducted to clarify the role of gravity in the fluid mechanics of certain molten metal processes of potential significance to manufacturing in space. In particular, analyses were conducted of the M551 Metals Melting Experiment and the M553 Sphere Forming Experiment to be conducted in the M512 Facility onboard Skylab. The M551 experiment consisted of a study of electron beam welding of various metals, and the M553 experiment studied the formation of molten metal spheres by free-floating in a near zero-gravity environment. The analyses of these experiments and a comparison with ground-based and KC135 experimental results are presented.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-CR-120185 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D306954
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  • 6
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    Research study of materials processing in space Experiment M512 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Ground based studies of two proposed experiments which were to be conducted aboard the Skylab Laboratory are reported; metals melting experiment, and sphere forming experiment. These studies were conducted with the objectives of clarifying the effects of gravity and optimizing the experiments within the constraints of existing hardware. All process phenomena were considered, with particular attention given to adhesion-cohesion studies with emphasis on the fluid dynamics of the molten metal. Detailed thermal histories were generated for three-dimensional specimen geometry including radiation, conduction and vaporization losses with allowances for variable properties. In addition quantitative techniques were used to establish the gravitational level (magnitude and direction) for KC-135 aircraft flights and the actual Skylab mission for both experiments.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-CR-124396 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D306700
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  • 7
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    Wake flow measurements with a mobile laser Doppler velocimeter system (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Wake flow measurements were conducted with a mobile laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The measurements included surveys of aircraft wake vortices behind a B-747 aircraft, aircraft carrier wake measurements from aboard the U.S.S. Nimitz, and tower wake measurements for a 100 kW wind turbine. Results of these tests demonstrated that a mobile ground-based LDV is a versatile and useful tool for the measurement of full-scale three-dimensional wake flows. The potential is demonstrated for utilization of this system to study complex wakes for a variety of applications.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 78-823 , Aerodynamic Testing Conference; Apr 19, 1978 - Apr 21, 1978; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Ground-based measurements of the wake vortex characteristics of a B747 aircraft in various configurations (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Boeing 747 aircraft flew 54 passes at low level over ground-based sensors. Vortex velocities were measured by a laser-Doppler velocimeter, an array of monostatic acoustic sounders, and an array of propeller anemometers. Flow visualization of the wake was achieved using smoke and balloon tracers. Preliminary results were obtained on the initial downwash field, the time for merging of the multiple vortices, the velocity fields, vortex decay, and the effects of spoilers and differential flap settings on the dissipation and structure of vortices.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 77-9 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 24, 1977 - Jan 26, 1977; Los Angeles, CA
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Three-dimensional finite element analysis for high velocity impact (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A finite element algorithm for solving unsteady, three-dimensional high velocity impact problems is presented. A computer program was developed based on the Eulerian hydroelasto-viscoplastic formulation and the utilization of the theorem of weak solutions. The equations solved consist of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, equation of state, and appropriate constitutive equations. The solution technique is a time-dependent finite element analysis utilizing three-dimensional isoparametric elements, in conjunction with a generalized two-step time integration scheme. The developed code was demonstrated by solving one-dimensional as well as three-dimensional impact problems for both the inviscid hydrodynamic model and the hydroelasto-viscoplastic model.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-134933 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D390900
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  • 10
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    Investigation of a laser Doppler velocimeter system to measure the flow field around a large scale V/STOL aircraft in ground effect (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The flow field measured around a hovering 70 percent scale vertical takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft model is described. The velocity measurements were conducted with a ground based laser Doppler velocimeter. The remote sensing instrumentation and experimental tests of the velocity surveys are discussed. The distribution of vertical velocity in the fan jet and fountain; the radial velocity in the wall jet and the horizontal velocity along the aircraft underside are presented for different engine rpms and aircraft height above ground. Results show that it is feasible to use a mobile laser Doppler velocimeter to measure the flow field generated by a large scale V/STOL aircraft operating in ground effect.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-152212 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D568
    Format: application/pdf
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