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  • 1
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    Chapter Photocatalytic Properties of Commercially Available TiO2 Powders for Pollution Control (2021)
    InTechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Infrared (IR) radiation comprises a beam located in the electromagnetic radiation family; it arises from the thermal vibrations of radiation that have longer wavelengths than visible light, but shorter wavelengths than microwave radiation. Its wavelength is between 750 nm and 1 mm. The amount of thermal IR radiation emitted by an object is associated with the temperature of the object, the surface area of the object and the spreading of light. IR-based technologies have been demonstrated as a method of evidence identification in forensic sciences in addition to many daily uses.
    Keywords: Infrared, Thermal Imaging, Scene Investigation, Post-Mortem Interval, Spectrophotometry ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKT Forensic medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 361-363 (Nov. 2007), p. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and barium titanate (BT) powders were mixed and sintered to formhydroxyapatite – barium titanate (HABT) ceramics. These materials were then poled and theirpiezoelectric properties were measured. The microstructure of unpoled samples was examinedusing scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The piezoelectric constants (d33 and d31) of the ceramicswere found to be dependent on the proportion of BT in the ceramic In materials containing lessthan 70% BT, no piezoelectric effect was found. Above this value, the piezoelectric constantincreased with the addition of BT up to a value of 108pCN-1 for pure BT. Values of d33 forceramics containing more than 80% BT are above values previously shown to have a positiveinfluence on bone growth in vivo. SEM analysis indicated that the grain size within the materialsdecreased as the proportion of BT in the material was reduced. Examination of the microstructureof the ceramics indicated the presence of electrical domains in the 100% BT and 95% BT ceramics.Domains were not visible below 95% BT. The reduction in grain size may influence the reductionin piezoelectric activity within the materials but cannot be considered to be the only cause
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.361-363.99.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of Modelling Methods for Materials to be Used as Bone Substitutes (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 361-363 (Nov. 2007), p. 903-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The demand in the medical industry for load bearing materials is ever increasing. Thetechniques currently used for the manufacture of such materials are not optimized in terms ofporosity and mechanical strength. This study adopts a microstructural shape design approach to theproduction of open porous materials, which utilizes spatial periodicity as a simple way to generatethe models. A set of triply periodic surfaces expressed via trigonometric functions in the implicitform are presented. A geometric description of the topology of the microstructure is necessary whenmacroscopic properties such as mechanical strength, stiffness and isotropy are required to beoptimised for a given value of volume fraction. A distinction between the families of structuresproduced is made on the basis of topology. The models generated have been used successfully tomanufacture both a range of structures with different volume fractions of pores and samples offunctional gradient material using rapid prototyping
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/56/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.361-363.903.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosized Titania, a Smart Material or is it just Clever? (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 55-57 (Aug. 2008), p. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanopowders can be reproducibly formed by hydroxylation of titanium organic complexes. The crystallisation to anatase and rutile can be controlled by systematic calcination and a complex range of properties optimized for specific applications. Characterisation of the powders has been undertaken using advanced physical techniques. The morphology of the TiO2 powders is determined by solution concentration and precipitation phenomena, particularly temperature and stirring regime. However the fine powders have limitations in terms of processing flexibility particularly when nanostructured and organised features are desired, due to their fine particle structure and inability to be sintered without undergoing complete phase change. Anodising titanium metal can overcome these difficulties and under appropriate conditions semi-ordered nanotubes of TiO2 have been prepared. These can be heat treated to develop the phase of choice, anatase or rutile. A mechanism for the formation of the nanotubes has been proposed which is based on the linkage of pores developed in the anodized oxidation product. The pores are driven to into alignment by the applied potential and link up to form the tubular structures. A degree of control of the tube size and wall thickness is shown possible by control of applied voltage. The nanotubes have been investigated using SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the structure and postulate the formation mechanism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/41/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.55-57.23.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Piezoelectric Properties of Fine Scale PZT Fibres (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 206-213 (Dec. 2001), p. 1509-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.206-213.1509.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation into the Processing and Characterisation of Piezoelectric Nanocomposites (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 206-213 (Dec. 2001), p. 1313-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.206-213.1313.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PZT - Polymer Composites for Hydrophones: Production and Modelling (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 206-213 (Dec. 2001), p. 1505-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.206-213.1505.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarisation Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Based Ceramics (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper studies the effects of porosity, sintering atmosphere and composition on thepolarisation behaviour of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) materials were prepared as both dense discs and as porous sampleswith interconnecting porosity. Materials were sintered in either air or water vapour at 1300°C andpoled at a variety of temperatures, applied electric fields and time periods to optimise thepolarisation properties of the materials. Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation Current (TSDC)measurements were used to investigate the degree of polarisation of the HA and α-TCP ceramics.A high depolarisation current was observed for both the porous HA and α-TCP ceramics. Sinteringin water vapour also increased the depolarisation current due to reduced dehydration reactions,which result in a greater concentration of hydroxyl ions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.91.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 54 (Sept. 2008), p. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: This paper reports experimental and modelling results on the manufacture and propertiesof hydroxyapatite / BaTiO3 ceramic composites and studies their electromechanical properties withferroelectric ceramic volume fractions, mFC ³ 0.7. In these composites the bio-active properties ofhydroxyapatite are combined with the electromechanical properties of a perovskite-typeferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramic in an attempt to create a novel polarised bone-substitute material.Experimental results of the volume fraction dependences of the effective piezoelectric coefficients*31 d (mFC), *33 d (mFC) and dielectric permittivity e *s33 (mFC) of stress free samples are analysed withinthe framework of a modified model of a porous piezo-active material that is described in terms of1–3 (one-dimensional rods in a continuous matrix) and 2–2 connectivity (laminates). The role ofseveral structural elements and physical factors in forming the electromechanical properties of thecomposites is discussed. It is shown that performance of these materials typical properties are 5 pC/ N 〈 | *31 d |〈 45 pC / N, 20 pC / N 〈 *33 d 〈 100 pC / N and 400 〈 e *s33 / 0 e 〈 1300
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/42/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAST.54.1.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi-Stable Composites with Piezoelectric Actuators for Shape Change (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 334-335 (Mar. 2007), p. 1109-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Unsymmetrical carbon fibre/epoxy composites with bonded piezoelectric fibre actuatorswere investigated as a means to shape change, or morph, composite structures. A carbon fibrecantilever was examined along with its response to applied strains (from piezoelectric actuators), withemphasis on the characterisation of shape/deflection and the reproducibility of the shape/deflection ofthe structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.334-335.1109.pdf
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