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  • 1
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    Taux de reproduction du puceron du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) et teneur en acide médicagénique de la luzerne (Medicago sativa L) (1996)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0249-5627
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-9643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by EDP Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of phloem sap quality and exudation characteristics on performance of pea aphid grown on lucerne genotypes (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Aphididae ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Medicago sativa ; resistance ; antibiosis ; phloem sap ; stylectomy ; sugar ; amino acids ; stylectomy parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phloem sap of two lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes inducing differences in pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera: Aphididae) performances (weight, fecundity, survival), was collected by stylectomy (radio frequency microcautery). Sugars and amino acids were assayed. No significant difference in their concentrations could be established between genotypes. It is thus unlikely that a substantial part of the varietal resistance of these lucerne genotypes to pea aphid could be related to the content in sugars or amino acids. The same conclusion was drawn for the sugar/amino acid ratio. The amino acid profiles were globally similar. They nevertheless allowed a discrimination between the two genotypes on a few amino acids (alanine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, ornithine) only. Moreover, the degree of resistance can be related neither to GABA concentration, nor to that of sulfur amino acids, because these constituants were either absent, or in trace amounts, whatever the lucerne genotype taken into account. Stylectomy parameters revealed some interesting differences in the sap exudation of the two genotypes. Average volume of exudation by stylet and average duration of exudation were respective 2.8 and 2.3 times higher in the susceptible genotype. These results suggest a reduced flow of phloem sap, after puncturing of the sieve-tubes by the aphid stylets on the resistant genotype; this could result in a greater difficulty in phloem sap ingestion by aphids settled on the resistant genotype and thus in suboptimal performances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380556
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acyrthosiphon pisum performance in response to the sugar and amino acid composition of artificial diets, and its relation to lucerne varietal resistance (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Aphididae ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Medicago sativa ; resistance ; amino acids ; sucrose ; phloem sap ; artificial diet ; ingestion ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Sur des milieux holidiques se différenciant par leur concentration en acides aminés ou en saccharose ou par leur spectre en acides aminés et copiant la sève de deux variétés de luzerne (sensible et résistante) nous avons étudié différents paramètres biologiques d'un biotype d'Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de résistance à ce puceron. Que ce soit pour le reproduction et la survie des adultes ou pour la croissance et le développment larvaire, nous montrons l'influence spécifique de la concentration en saccharose et en acides aminés ainsi que celle du spectre en acides aminés des régimes artificiels. Ces différences de performances de A. pisum peuvent en partie être expliquées par les différences d'ingestion. Néanmoins pour des rapport saccharose/acides aminés identiques et pour des niveaux d'ingestion égaux, il existe selon les milieux de grandes différences de taux de reproduction et donc d'efficacités métaboliques. Les milieux copiant la sève de variétés sensible et résistante permettent jusqu'à présent d'expliquer une partie des observations faites sur végétal, mais démontrent que l'ignorance de certains facteurs phagostimulants présents dans la plante empêche une interprétation complète des effets observés.
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand the mechanisms of resistance of two lucerne cultivars (susceptible ‘Resistador’ and resistant ‘Lahontan’ clones) to a French biotype of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, several biological parameters of this aphid were investigated on sap-copied holidic diets differing either by their amino acid or sucrose concentrations or by the relative proportions of some amino acids. We recorded the quantitative influence of nutrient levels and amino acid profiles on adult survival and reproduction, as well as on larval growth and development. The differences in A. pisum performances on artificial diets may partly by explained by variable ingestion rates, but also by differences in metabolic efficiency of the ingested nutrients, which greatly depends on amino acid composition. Although holidic diet experiments partially confirm the biological assays of resistance on plants, they also point out a lack in our understanding of the factors present in the sap which are involved in phagostimulation in vivo, thus preventing a complete interpretation of observed resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of different lucerne cultivars to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: influence of phloem composition on aphid fecundity (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Aphididae ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Medicago sativa ; resistance ; amino acids ; sucrose ; phloem sap ; artificial diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse (sucres et acides aminés) de la sève de 4 cultivars de luzerne (Medicago sativa) caractérisés pour leur résistance au puceron du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) (Homoptera: Aphididae), est réalisée sur des exsudats de phloème. La teneur en sucres (exprimée en équivalent saccharose) montre d'importantes différences: rapport de 1 à 3 respectivement entre les clones sensible et résistant. La teneur globale en acides aminés exsudés varie en sens inverse, entraînant une corrélation négative pour les 4 clones étudiés entre le rapport sucre/acides aminés (0,6 à 3,6) et la résistance mesurée par le taux net de reproduction à 14 jours (78,5 à 11,2 larves/femelle). L'analyse des acidses aminés révèle de plus des différences qualitatives entre cultivars, notamment pour certains acides aminés essentiels méthionine, histidine, lysine, aromatiques. Le rôle de l'équilibre en acides aminés et en sacharose dans la résistance de certains cultivars au puceron du pois est apprécié par des mesures de la reproduction de A. pisum sur des milieux artificiels reproduisant le rapport sucre/acides aminés et/ou le spectre des acides aminés des 2 clones extrêmes (sensible et résistant). La résistance n'apparaît pas être le résultat d'une simple différence de la qualité nutritionnelle de la sève; la balance en acides aminés doit cependant participer pour une part à la résistance au puceron.
    Notes: Abstract Sugars and amino acids were analysed in the phloem sap (sampling by the exudation method) of four clones of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) characterized by their resistance to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Differences in the qualitative amino acid balance are shown and a negative correlation between the reproductive rate of the aphid and the sugars/amino acids ratio is underlined. To demonstrate any causal relationship between these two variables, the reproduction of A. pisum on artificial diets copying the sap of the two extreme clones (resistant and susceptible) was measured. The results show that the resistance is not a simple nutritional effect; however, the amino acid balance contributes to the resistance exhibited by some cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185624
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