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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ecological climatology : concepts and applications (2008)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 12.0152
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 550 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9780521693196
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    A systems analysis of the global boreal forest (1992)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 630-92-0506 ; AWI G3-98-0148
    Description / Table of Contents: The boreal forests of the world, occupying some 15 million square kilometers over North America and Eurasia, are a major source of softwood timber and are expected to play a significant role in the response of vegetation to global climate change. This book, developed by an international panel of ecologists, provides a synthesis of the important patterns and processes that occur in boreal forests and reviews the principal mechanisms that control the forest's pattern in space and time. The effects of low temperatures, soil ice, insects, plant competition, wild-fires and climatic change on boreal forests are discussed as a basis for the development of the first global scale computer model of the dynamical change of a biome, able to project the change of the boreal forest over timescales of decades to millennia, and over the global extent of this forest.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 565 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0521405467
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: List of contributors. - 1 Introduction / Herman H. Shugart, Rik Leemans and Gordon B. Bonan. - Part 1 Processes in boreal forests. - 2 Silvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species / Nedialko Nikolov and Harry Helmisaari. - 3 The reproductive process in boreal forest trees / John C. Zasada, Terry L. Sharik and Markku Nygren. - 4 Soil temperature as an ecological factor in boreal forests / Gordon B. Bonan. - 5 Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest / Serge Payette. - 6 The role of forest insects in structuring the boreal landscape / C. S. Holling. - Part 2 Patterns in space and time in boreal forests. - 7 The transition between boreal forest and tundra / Luc Sirois. - 8 The southern boreal-northern hardwood forest border / John Pastor and David J. Mladenoff. - 9 Transitions between boreal forest and wetland / F. Z. Glebov and M. D. Korzukhin. - 10 Remote sensing technology for forest ecosystem analysis / K. Jon Ranson and Darrel L. Williams. - 11 The nature and distribution of past, present and future boreal forests: lessons for a research and modeling agenda / Allen M. Solomon. - Part 3 Computer models for synthesis of pattern and process in the boreal forest. - 12 Individual-tree-based models of forest dynamics and their application in global change research / Herman H. Shugart and I. Colin Prentice. - 13 Population-level models of forest dynamics / M. D.Korzukhin and M. Ya. Antonovski. - 14 A spatial model of long-term forest fire dynamics and its applications to forests in western Siberia / M. Ya. Antonovski, M. T. Ter-Mikaelian and V. V. Furyaev. - 15 A simulation analysis of environmental factors and ecological processes in North American boreal forests / Gordon B. Bonan. - 16 The biological component of the simulation model for boreal forest dynamics / Rik Leemans. - 17 Role of stand simulation in modeling forest response to environmental change and management interventions / Peter Duinker, Ola Salinäs and Sten Nilsson. - 18 Concluding comments / Herman H. Shugart, Rik Leemans and Gordon B. Bonan. - References. - Index.
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamic global vegetation model for use with climate models: concepts and description of simulated vegetation dynamics (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Changes in vegetation structure and biogeography due to climate change feedback to alter climate by changing fluxes of energy, moisture, and momentum between land and atmosphere. While the current class of land process models used with climate models parameterizes these fluxes in detail, these models prescribe surface vegetation and leaf area from data sets. In this paper, we describe an approach in which ecological concepts from a global vegetation dynamics model are added to the land component of a climate model to grow plants interactively. The vegetation dynamics model is the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) dynamic global vegetation model. The land model is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Land Surface Model (LSM). Vegetation is defined in terms of plant functional types. Each plant functional type is represented by an individual plant with the average biomass, crown area, height, and stem diameter (trees only) of its population, by the number of individuals in the population, and by the fractional cover in the grid cell. Three time-scales (minutes, days, and years) govern the processes. Energy fluxes, the hydrologic cycle, and carbon assimilation, core processes in LSM, occur at a 20 min time step. Instantaneous net assimilated carbon is accumulated annually to update vegetation once a year. This is carried out with the addition of establishment, resource competition, growth, mortality, and fire parameterizations from LPJ. The leaf area index is updated daily based on prevailing environmental conditions, but the maximum value depends on the annual vegetation dynamics. The coupling approach is successful. The model simulates global biogeography, net primary production, and dynamics of tundra, boreal forest, northern hardwood forest, tropical rainforest, and savanna ecosystems, which are consistent with observations. This suggests that the model can be used with a climate model to study biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system related to vegetation dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00681.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 359 (1992), S. 716-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The global climate model15 combines atmospheric general circulation with transfer of energy, moisture and momentum between the atmosphere and oceans and land surfaces. The atmospheric general circulation model is derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359716a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental factors and ecological processes controlling vegetation patterns in boreal forests (1989)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 3 (1989), S. 111-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: boreal forest ; gap model ; forest dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An individual tree model of forest dynamics was used to examine the environmental and ecological factors controlling forest vegetation patterns in upland boreal forests of North America. Basic life history traits that characterized the regeneration, growth, and death of individual trees were combined with species-specific responses to important environmental factors. This model simulated forest structure and vegetation patterns in conifer, hardwood, and mixed conifer-hardwood forests and woodlands in several bioclimatic sub-regions of the North American boreal forest zone. Model testing identified the processes and parameters required to understand the ecology of upland boreal forests and weaknesses in our current understanding of these processes. These factors included climate, solar radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature and permafrost, the forest floor organic layer, nutrient availability, forest fires, and insect outbreaks. Model testing also identified which of these factors were important in each bioclimatic sub-region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131174
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sensitivity of some high-latitude boreal forests to climatic parameters (1990)
    Springer
    Climatic change 16 (1990), S. 9-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A gap model of environmental processes and vegetation patterns in boreal forests was used to examine the sensitivity of permafrost and permafrostfree forests in interior Alaska to air temperature and precipitation changes. These analyses indicated that in the uplands of interior Alaska, the effect of climatic warming on the ecology of boreal forests may not be so much a direct response to increased air temperature as it may be a response to the increased potential evapotranspiration demands that will accompany climatic warmings. On poorlydrained north slopes with permafrost, the drier forest floor reduced the flux of heat into the soil profile. This was offset by increased fire severity, which by removing greater amounts of the forest floor increased the depth of soil thawing and converted the cold black spruce forests to warmer mixed hardwood-spruce forests. On well-drained south slopes, the increased potential water loss reduced available soil moisture, converting these mesic sites to dry aspen forests, or if too dry to steppe-like vegetation. Increases in precipitation offset the effects of increased potential evapotranspiration demands and mitigated these forest changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137344
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do biophysics and physiology matter in ecosystem models? (1993)
    Springer
    Climatic change 24 (1993), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091851
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boreal forest and tundra ecosystems as components of the climate system (1995)
    Springer
    Climatic change 29 (1995), S. 145-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of terrestrial ecosystems on the climate system have received most attention in the tropics, where extensive deforestation and burning has altered atmospheric chemistry and land surface climatology. In this paper we examine the biophysical and biogeochemical effects of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems on atmospheric processes. Boreal forests and tundra have an important role in the global budgets of atmospheric CO2 and CH4. However, these biogeochemical interactions are climatically important only at long temporal scales, when terrestrial vegetation undergoes large geographic redistribution in response to climate change. In contrast, by masking the high albedo of snow and through the partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat, boreal forests have a significant impact on the seasonal and annual climatology of much of the Northern Hemisphere. Experiments with the LSX land surface model and the GENESIS climate model show that the boreal forest decreases land surface albedo in the winter, warms surface air temperatures at all times of the year, and increases latent heat flux and atmospheric moisture at all times of the year compared to simulations in which the boreal forest is replaced with bare ground or tundra. These effects are greatest in arctic and sub-arctic regions, but extend to the tropics. This paper shows that land-atmosphere interactions are especially important in arctic and sub-arctic regions, resulting in a coupled system in which the geographic distribution of vegetation affects climate and vice versa. This coupling is most important over long time periods, when changes in the abundance and distribution of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems in response to climatic change influence climate through their carbon storage, albedo, and hydrologic feedbacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01094014
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