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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a novel fibroblast-like cell line from rainbow trout and responses to sublethal anoxia (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A novel fibroblast-like cell line RTHDF was established from hypodermal connective tissue of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and telomerase activity was demonstrated early and late in cell line development. When RTHDF cells were exposed to bioenergetic stress, i.e. anoxia, activation of the stress activated member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, p38MAPK and induction of heat shock protein (Hsp70) were evident. The time-course of the p38MAPK activation and the induction of Hsp70 expression in RTHDF were studied in response to chemically induced anoxia. p38MAPK was activated rapidly, with maximal activity after 10 min of anoxia. Hsp70 was induced after 30 min of anoxia, followed by overnight recovery in growth medium at 21° C. Using the p38MAPK-specific inhibitor SB203580, the enhanced expression of Hsp70 occurred independently of p38MAPK activation in RTHDF. These data suggests that RTHDF can be useful in studying biochemical responses of teleost cells to environmental stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.0378.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a cell line from primary cultures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), gills (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Collagenase was used to prepare primary cell cultures from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), gills. Although difficult to subcultivate, one primary culture led to the development of a cell line, RTgill-W1. RTgill-W1 grew in the basal medium, L-15, supplemented with foetal bovine serum at between 5 and 10%, but not in L-15 alone. The cells have been passaged approximately 50 times over a 4-year period. At confluency, the cell shape was predominantly polygonal or epithelial-like. RTgill-Wl cultures were demonstrated by DNA staining with H33258 and by growth on agar to be contaminated with mycoplasma, but this contaminant was eradicated by treatment with mycoplasma removal agent (MRA) and BM cyclin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00258.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Maintaining Rainbow Trout in Creosote Microcosms on Lens Optical Properties and Liver 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-Deethylase (EROD) Activity (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Previously, exposure of fish to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both field and laboratory settings has been associated with eye damage, but this has only been expressed qualitatively. In this study, an automated scanning laser system has been employed to quantitatively evaluate changes in lens optical quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following their in vivo exposure to creosote, which is a complex mixture with many PAHs. Rainbow trout were placed in 12,000-L outdoor microcosms dosed with 0, 3, or 10 μl/L liquid creosote for a 28-day period. Collected fish were examined for changes in focal length variability (FLV), lens size, and weight. These measurements were compared with induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and hepatic and water concentrations of priority pollutant PAHs. The optical quality of rainbow trout lenses was significantly reduced following creosote exposure, as indicated by increased FLV. Lens damage was significantly related to hepatic EROD activity, and both effects rose with creosote dose. Analytical measurements of microcosm water indicated elevated concentrations of PAHs in creosote-dosed ponds, including compounds capable of inducing rainbow trout EROD activity in vitro. Hepatic concentrations of PAHs were low and not related to creosote dose, likely due to rapid metabolism and elimination. This study demonstrates for the first time employment of a highly sensitive and quantitative technique to measure lens damage in fish exposed to contaminants in situ. The relationship between this effect and hepatic CYP1A activity may suggest a mechanistic linkage, which could lead to the use of EROD activity as an indicator of toxic effect rather than just chemical exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910046
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trout red blood cells treated with proteases fuse when placed on glass slides (1984)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 4 (1984), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of trout red blood cells (RBC) with proteases and polyethylene glycol (PEG) either successively or concurrently caused cell fusion. Neither PEG nor protease treatment alone brought about the fusion of cells in suspension. However, incubation of RBC on glass slides with proteases caused extensive fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01120825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of fish cell lines in glutamine-free media (1994)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 16 (1994), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: Fish cells ; glutamine-free growth ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The glutamine requirement for thein vitro proliferation of fish cells was investigated with cell lines from four different species and three tissues: goldfish skin (GFSk-S1), Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), and raibow trout liver (RTL-W1) and spleen (RTSp-W1). With a supplement of fetal bovine serum, the basal medium, Leibovitz's L-15, without glutamine supported the proliferation of all four cell lines as well, or nearly as well, as L-15 with 2 mM glutamine. This was true over short term assays of two to four weeks and for continuous propagation. CHSE-214 also grew as well with or without 2 mM glutamine in Minimum Essential Medium with fetal bovine serum. However, when the supplement was dialyzed fetal bovine serum, CHSE-214 grew much better in L-15 without glutamine. Therefore, glutamine was not required for growth in L-15, and in fact, was inhibitory in the absence of the dialyzable fraction of serum. By contrast, glutamine appeared to be important for growth in Minimum Essential Medium. When the supplement was dialyzed fetal bovine serum, CHSE-214 grew much better in Minimum Essential Medium with 2 mM glutamine. These results suggest that the glutamine requirement for thein vitro proliferation of fish cells is conditional and depends on the basal medium and serum supplement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of temperature on the proliferative response of rainbow trout gonadal fibroblasts to cortisol and RU 486 (1991)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 9 (1991), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: Cortisol ; RU 486 ; temperature ; rainbow trout ; cell culture ; [3H]-Thymidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rainbow trout gonadal cell line, RTG-2, which survives temperatures from 0 to 28°C and proliferates at 5 to 26°C, responded to cortisol from 28°C to 0°C by influencing [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Over the normal temperature range of rainbow trout, 10–22°C, cortisol inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The antiglucocorticoid RU 486 had no effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation at these temperatures and blocked the response to cortisol. Another antiglucocorticoid RU 362 also had no effect but was less effective in blocking the cortisol response. During incubation at 28°C this inhibitory response to cortisol was detected inconsistently during the first 24 h but was observed consistently during the second 24 h. At 0°C, cortisol and RU 486 had no effect during short treatments, but a 60 h exposure to either steroid stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation over a 48 h labelling period. These results suggest that temperature shifts between 10–22°C, do not change the direction of a response to cortisol and support the use of the upper portion (20–22°C) of the temperature range for studies on salmonid cells in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265147
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DNA fluorometric assay for measuring fish cell proliferation in microplates with different well sizes (1994)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 16 (1994), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: CHSE-214 ; H33258 ; Cell proliferation ; Calcium requirement ; CytoFluor 2350
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The use of a DNA-binding dye, bisbenzimidazole (H33258), and a microplate fluorometer, CytoFluor 2350, was optimized to measure cell number in Chinook salmon embryo cell cultures (CHSE-214). The uniformity of cell homogenates, which were prepared prior to staining, was evaluated by area scan, which consists of multiple measurements over the total well area. Disruption in 0.01% SDS produced a relatively uniform homogenate and a low background. Homogenates were stained with H33258 at 1 to 10 µg/ml. Linear relationships between cell numbers and fluorescence units were established in 96 well plates, which were read only by standard scan, and in 6, 12, 24 and 48 well plates, which were read by area and standard scan. Area scan provided better relationships. These methods were used to show that in L-15 medium CHSE-214 were able to attach, retain viability, and proliferate with very little exogenous calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404822
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restoration of metabolic cooperation in heterokaryons between HGPRT-deficient mouse A9 fibroblasts and chick embryo erythrocytes (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 1045-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic determinants of metabolic cooperation were studied by fusing chick erythrocytes to HGPRT− mammalian cells. Heterokaryons were then tested for their ability to incorporate [3H]hypoxanthine and to transfer radioactive material to HGPRT− recipient cells. Chick erythrocytes (CE) have nuclei which are inactive but contain the HGPRT gene and some cytoplasmic HGPRT enzyme activity. They are unable, however, to cooperate with HGPRT− cells. Of the two mammalian cell lines used, the human GM29 line is HGPRT− and capable of functioning as a receptor cell in cooperation experiments with HGPRT− cells. The HGPRT− mouse A9 line on the other hand is unable to cooperate. Immediately after fusion, both types of heterokaryons incorporated [3H]hypoxanthine, indicating the presence of some chick HGPRT enzyme contributed by the erythrocyte partner at the time of fusion. While the CE-GM29 heterokaryons participated in metabolic cooperation shortly after fusion, the CE-A9 hetero-karyons did not. However, four days after fusion, i.e., at a time when the erythrocyte nucleus had been reactivated, the CE-A9 heterokaryons did cooperate. This suggests that in CE-A9 heterokaryons the genes required for metabolic cooperation are expressed by the previously dormant chick erythrocyte nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542659
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technology and uses of cell cultures from the tissues and organs of bony fish (1991)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 6 (1991), S. 163-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary For a wide range of purposes, primary cell cultures and/or cell lines have been prepared from most tissues and organs of a small fraction of the estimated 20,000 species of bony fish. These cell cultures usually have been maintained with mammmalian sera. For many applications their usefulness would be enhanced by a more piscine and defined environment. However, the piscine equivalents of mammalian polypeptide growth and differentiation factors are largely unknown and are unlikely ever to be available commercially. In the future they might be obtained from the medium in which fish cells have been grown. Therefore, by being a potential source of fish polypeptide growth and differentiation factors, a cell line from a fish organ might be utilized as a Rossetta stone to decipher thein vitro proliferation and differentiation of other cells from this or other organs from the same or different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624756
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of metabolic cooperation with rat peritoneal macrophages (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 102 (1980), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat peritoneal macrophages were studied for their ability to undergo metabolic cooperation. Macrophages were unable to cooperate with human fibroblasts. This was true for macrophages which had been activated in vivo as well as for macrophages treated with various agents in vitro. Macrophages were also unable to undergo metabolic cooperation with rat fibroblasts or with other macrophages. In contrast, rat reticular cells, mesothelial cells, and fibroblasts were able to cooperate with human fibroblasts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041020313
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