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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE POISONING ACTION OF OXYGEN ON IRON CATALYSTS FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS (1926)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 48 (1926), S. 2814-2820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01690a008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid Area of Uranium–Ammonia–Carbon Dioxide System1 (1931)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 23 (1931), S. 1280-1282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50263a022
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of laboratory indexes of absorption of soil phosphorus by plants: I (1959)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 10 (1959), S. 356-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The yield of phosphorus in sorghum plants grown on samples of 22 different soils from the United States was determined in the greenhouse. Analyses of variance of the regressions of these values on the measurements of soil phosphorus by various laboratory methods were calculated as an aid in evaluating the methods. No general advantage was found from incubating the samples in moist condition for a week before analysis versus making the analysis on the initially-dry samples. In the order of decreasing precision of predicting the yields of phosphorus the methods are as follows: (1) anion-exchange resin method of Amer and coworkers, (2) 0.5M NaHCO3 method of Olsen and coworkers, (3) phosphate potential method of Schofield and Aslyng, (4) phosphorus concentration in the 0.01M CaCl2 extract of Schofield and Aslyng, and (5) 0.1N HCl, 0.03N NH4F method of Bray and Kurtz. After taking into account the additional variables, little or no improvement in precision of prediction was obtained when the phosphorussorbedvs. time curves for the anion-exchange-resin method were (a) divided into four segments on the basis of time, the quantities of phosphorus in the four segments being used as independent variables in a multiple-regression equation, or (b) broken down into a maximum of four components on the assumption that the overall curve represents the summation of a group of simultaneous first-order reactions, the quantities of phosphorus in the several components being used as independent variables in a multiple-regression equation. The precision of prediction was improved by using as the soil-phosphorus measurement the sum of the products of the rate of phosphorus extraction by the anion-exchange-resin method and the quantities of phosphorus extracted within individual time intervals. A logarithmic expression was used to fit the relationship, however, and it appeared that the greater precision of prediction resulted from the logarithmic transformation rather than the superiority of the method as such. The precision of prediction was improved also by using the H2PO 4 − concentration instead of the total-inorganic-phosphorus concentration as the independent variable in the 0.01M CaCl2 extracts of Schofield and Aslyng and by using the H2PO 4 − instead of the total inorganic phosphorus sorbed by the anion-exchange resin. This modification made the anion-exchange-resin method considerably better than the others tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of phosphorus by plants in relation to carbon dioxide production and organic phosphorus mineralization in soils (1968)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 29 (1968), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In previous work, the yield of phosphorus in plants grown in the greenhouse on 36 alkaline soils was correlated significantly with the organic phosphorus mineralized during incubation of the soils in the laboratory, independently of the labile inorganic phosphorus. In this investigation, the same soils were used to test the hypothesis that the apparent organic-phosphorus effect observed previously was an indirect effect of CO2 evolved from soil organic matter in increasing the susceptibility of the inorganic phosphorus to uptake by plants. The hypothesis was tested on the basis of measurements of CO2 evolved and organic phosphorus mineralized concurrently during incubation of the soils in the laboratory. Statistical tests showed that the yield of phosphorus in the plants was correlated significantly with the organic phosphorus mineralized, independently of correlations with CO2 evolved and labile inorganic phosphorus; the yield of phosphorus in plants, however, was not correlated significantly with CO2 evolved, independently of correlations with organic phosphorus mineralized and labile inorganic phosphorus. The results thus provide no justification for discarding the organic-phosphorus theory and for substituting the CO2 theory in its place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01348948
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in extractable organic phosphorus in soil in the presence and absence of plants (1969)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 31 (1969), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of cropping on soil organic phosphorus was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse work with six soils. Successively lower contents of extractable organic phosphorus were found in samples that had been (a) airdried initially and stored in that condition, (b) incubated in a moist condition but without a crop, and (c) planted to four successive crops, the roots of the crops being removed before analysis of the soil. These differences were statistically significant. Samples of rhizosphere soil taken after the fourth crop did not yield significantly different amounts of extractable organic phosphorus than did bulk samples of cropped soil taken at the same time. Extractable organic and inorganic phosphorus in the soils were not significantly affected by drying the soil before each crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01373575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in extractable organic phosphorus in soil in the presence and absence of plants (1970)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 32 (1970), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To simulate the condition of extensive surface area of roots per unit mass of soil in the rhizosphere in examination of the effect of plants on soil organic phosphorus, single corn seedlings were grown for short periods in 50-ml tubes containing (a) 0.5 g of soil and 30 ml of water. Controls included (b) water with a seedling present, (c) soil and water with no seedling, and (d) the original soil maintained in an air-dry condition. At the conclusion of the experiment, the seedlings were removed, and extractable organic phosphorus was determined on the water plus soil and on the original soil. Organic phosphorus in (a), minus organic phosphorus in (b), was essentially equal to organic phosphorus in (c) in two experiments in which the test period was 5 weeks (5 corn seedlings present successively, each for 1 week, in the cultures containing plants). In these experiments, the soil and roots were segregated by enclosure of the soil in an envelope made of Teflon-coated, glassfiber filter paper. These results verify previous work showing that soil organic phosphorus may be decreased by growing plants. The results indicate further that the effect does not require direct contact between soil solids and roots but takes place in consequence of transfer of substances in solution. In certain treatments in the 5-week experiments, the soil was present in suspension in direct contact with the roots. In these instances, organic phosphorus in (a), minus organic phosphorus in (b), significantly exceeded organic phosphorus in (c). An additional experiment indicated that this increase in organic phosphorus due to the presence of a plant was an artifact caused by abrasion of the roots by soil particles as they moved through the water in response to the continuous bubbling of air through the cultures to provide adequate aeration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372854
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of neutralization and addition of urea, sucrose, and various glycols on phosphorus absorption and leaf damage from foliar-applied phosphate (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 515-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Condensed phosphates ; Foliar nutrition ; Leaf damage ; P absorption ; P translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inclusion of sucrose in the solution applied to soybean (Glycine max L. merr.) leaves much reduced the severity of the damage to the leaves from application of urea and, to a lesser extent, from application of phosphorus (P) as orthophosphoric acid. Sucrose had no evident effect on P absorption. Damage to the leaves from joint application of orthophosphoric acid and urea exceeded the sum of the damage caused by the substances individually. Urea did not seem to influence P absorption, but the effect, if any, was not readily determined because nearly all values for P absorption exceeded 90%. Neutralization of orthophosphoric acid with nitrogen-containing organic bases, including choline, guanidine, and guanyl urea, did not prove useful as a technique for increasing the quantity of orthophosphate that could be applied without damage to the leaves. Absorption and translocation of orthophosphate by corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean leaves were not influenced by the pH of the solution within the range from 2 to 10. Absorption of tripolyphosphate by corn leaves decreased with an increase in pH of the solution applied, but translocation of the absorbed P was not influenced by pH. With soybeans, absorption of tripolyphosphate decreased with an increase in pH of the solution. Translocation of P applied to soybean leaves as tripolyphosphate was less than 5% of the amount absorbed within the first 24 hr and decreased with an increase in pH after 10 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277947
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of soil phosphorus by anion exchange resin adsorption and P32-equilibration (1955)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 6 (1955), S. 391-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Adsorption of phosphate by the anion-exchange resin Dowex-2 was investigated. The resin adsorbed small quantities of P from solution quantitatively. The rate of P-adsorption by resin agitated in solution was proportional to the P-concentration in solution, and was independent of the rate of diffusion of adsorbed P in the resin. When 1 g of soil was shaken continuously with 1 g of resin in 100 ml of water, the rate of P-adsorption by the resin was controlled by the rate of P-release from the soil. Quantities of P adsorbed from soil by resin after different lengths of time were less than those equilibrated with P32 during the same time intervals. The curves showing quantity of P adsorbed vs. time could be satisfactorily described by the hypothesis that there were three simultaneous reactions differing in rate, each reaction being first-order with respect to P. The same was true of the P32-equilibration data, except that the rate of the slowest reaction was apparently independent of time. In a group of 16 soils, the correlation between P adsorbed by the resin in 2 hours and P-availability to plants in the greenhouse, measured by the isotope-dilution method of Fried and Dean, was 0.95. The corresponding correlation between P extracted by the 0.25N HCl — 0.03N NH4F extractant of Bray and Kurtz was 0.91.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01343648
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of laboratory indexes of absorption of soil phosphorus by plants: II (1960)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 13 (1960), S. 28-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made of several laboratory methods for estimating the yield of phosphorus in plants grown in greenhouse cultures on samples of 22 soils from different parts of the United States. The methods investigated and their rank in order of increasing precision of the estimates of the yield of phosphorus were as follows: extraction with lactic acid, calcium lactate buffer solution ⪕ extraction with 2 per cent citric acid solution 〈 extraction with 0.03N NH4F, 0.025N HCl solution 〈 “percentage phosphorus saturation” (found as follows: 100 × labile phosphorus by isotopic dilution/ “phosphorus adsorption capacity” according to Langmuir adsorption equation) ⪕ labile phosphorus by isotopic dilution ⪕ phosphorus extracted by water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666473
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in extractable organic phosphorus in soil in the presence and absence of plants (1970)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 32 (1970), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To simulate the condition of extensive surface area of roots per unit mass of soil in the rhizosphere in examination of the effect of plants on soil organic phosphorus, single corn seedlings were grown for short periods in 50-ml tubes containing (a) 0.5 g of soil and 30 ml of water. Controls included (b) water with a seedling present, (c) soil and water with no seedling, and (d) the original soil maintained in an air-dry condition. At the conclusion of the experiment, the seedlings were removed, and extractable organic phosphorus was determined on the water plus soil and on the original soil. Organic phosphorus in (a), minus organic phosphorus in (b), was essentially equal to organic phosphorus in (c) in two experiments in which the test period was 5 weeks (5 corn seedlings present successively, each for 1 week, in the cultures containing plants). In these experiments, the soil and roots were segregated by enclosure of the soil in an envelope made of Teflon-coated, glassfiber filter paper. These results verify previous work showing that soil organic phosphorus may be decreased by growing plants. The results indicate further that the effect does not require direct contact between soil solids and roots but takes place in consequence of transfer of substances in solution. In certain treatments in the 5-week experiments, the soil was present in suspension in direct contact with the roots. In these instances, organic phosphorus in (a), minus organic phosphorus in (b), significantly exceeded organic phosphorus in (c). An additional experiment indicated that this increase in organic phosphorus due to the presence of a plant was an artifact caused by abrasion of the roots by soil particles as they moved through the water in response to the continuous bubbling of air through the cultures to provide adequate aeration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372854
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