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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-transfer polymerization of benzyl methacrylate: A convenient method for synthesis of near-monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid)s (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 29 (1992), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Group-transfer polymerization of benzyl methacrylate has been shown to proceed smoothly to give polymers of low (Mw/Mn 〈 1.1) polydispersity, with good control of molecular weight. Removal of the benzyl groups can be achieved easily via catalytic hydrogenation at room temperature and takes place without main chain scission. This is thus a very effective route for the synthesis of monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid)s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)s with narrow molecular weight distribution from poly(benzyl vinyl ether) precursors (1995)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 35 (1995), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A series of poly(benzyl vinyl ether)s of low molecular weight (5000 to 15000 g mol-1) and narrow molecular distribution ( $$\overline M _w /\overline M _n〈 1.20$$ ) have been synthesisedvia the cationic polymerisation of benzyl vinyl ether. Acetylation with acetic anhydride/tin (IV) chloride leads to poly(vinyl acetate), which can be hydrolysed to near-monodisperse water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) with an isotacticity of approximately 47%. This polymer was re-acetylated and its molecular weight distribution assessed to confirm that hydrolysis gives minimal chain scission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00963126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic diblock copolymers of methyl tri(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether and isobutyl vinyl ether (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1529-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: living cationic polymerization ; methyl tri(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether ; isobutyl vinyl ether ; diblock copolymers ; water-soluble polymers ; amphiphiles ; micelles ; hydrodynamic size ; critical micelle concentration ; cloud point ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Water-soluble diblock copolymers of methyl tri(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether (hydrophilic block) and isobutyl vinyl ether (hydrophobic block) of different molecular weights and composition were synthesized by living cationic polymerization. The molecular weight and comonomer composition of these copolymers were determined by GPC and 1H NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Aqueous solutions of the copolymers were characterized in terms of their micellar behavior using dynamic light scattering, aqueous GPC, and dye solubilization. All the copolymers formed aggregates with the exception of a diblock copolymer with only two hydrophobic monomer units. The micellar hydrodynamic size scaled with the 0.61 power of the number of hydrophobic units, in good agreement with a theoretical exponent of 0.73. An increase in the length of the hydrophobic block at constant hydrophilic block length or an increase in the overall polymer size at constant block length ratio both resulted in lower critical micelle concentrations (cmcs). The cloud points of 1% w/w aqueous solutions of the polymers were determined by turbidimetry. An increase in the length of the hydrophobic block at constant hydrophilic block length caused a decrease in the cloud points of the copolymers. However, an increase in the overall polymer size at constant block length ratio led to an increase in the cloud point. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ABC triblock polymethacrylates: Group transfer polymerization synthesis of the ABC, ACB, and BAC topological isomers and solution characterization (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 617-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: group transfer polymerization ; methyl methacrylate ; (dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate ; tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate ; methacrylic acid ; ABC triblock copolymers ; polymethacrylates ; polyampholytes ; block sequence ; water-soluble copolymers ; micelles ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ABC triblock copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), (dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate (THPMA) consisting of 12 units of each type of monomer were synthesized by group transfer polymerization (GTP). These were the three topological isomers with differentblock sequences: DMAEMA12-THPMA12-MMA12, DMAEMA12-MMA12-THPMA12, and THPMA12-DMAEMA12-MMA12. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in tetrahydrofuran, and their number-average degrees of polymerization and copolymer compositions were calculated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). These molecular weights and degrees of polymerization corresponded closely to the values expected from the monomer/initiator ratios. The polydispersities were low as expected for GTP, and ranged from 1.09 to 1.25. The three triblocks were chemically modified by converting the THPMA units to methacrylic acid (MAA) units either by thermolysis or acid hydrolysis. The resulting ABC triblock poly-ampholytes were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and hydrogen ion titration. Aqueous GPC studies in 1.0M NaCl at pH 8.5 showed that the triblock copolymers form micelles whose size depends on their block sequence. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 617-631, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble ABC triblock copolymers based on vinyl ethers: Synthesis by living cationic polymerization and solution characterization (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1181-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: living cationic polymerization ; methyl vinyl ether ; ethyl vinyl ether ; methyl tri(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether ; ABC triblock copolymers ; block sequence ; water-soluble copolymers ; micelles ; aqueous GPC ; cloud point ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Water-soluble ABC triblock copolymers of methyl vinyl ether (MVE), ethyl vinyl ether (EVE), and methyl tri(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether (MTEGVE) of various block sequences and carrying 20 monomer units in each block were synthesized by living cationic polymerization. In addition to the triblocks, one AB diblock, one BA diblock, and one statistical copolymer of MVE and MTEGVE carrying 20 units of each type of monomer were synthesized as controls. Moreover, three homopolymers each carrying 20 units of MVE and end groups of varying hydrophobicity were synthesized using three different initiators. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of all the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The number average degrees of polymerization (DPns) and composition of all the polymers were calculated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The molecular weights and degrees of polymerization corresponded to the values expected from the monomer/initiator ratios. The calculated polydispersities were reasonably narrow at 1.3. Aqueous GPC studies at room temperature on the triblock copolymers showed that the polymers exist as isolated chains (unimers) in solution but they tend to assemble and form micelles in the presence of a sufficiently high salt concentration apparently due to the insolubility of the EVE units under the latter conditions. Triblocks with a different block sequence exhibited a different susceptibility to salt-induced micellization, as indicated by the retention volume of the micelles and the relative micelle/unimer peak areas. Similarly, the cloud points of the triblock copolymers covered a relatively wide temperature range from 56 to 72°C. These differences in micellization and cloud points suggest a profound effect of the location of the hydrophilic MTEGVE block on copolymer association. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1181-1195, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near-monodisperse, n-alkyl, end-functionalized poly(methyl vinyl ether)s: Synthesis by living cationic polymerization and solution characterization (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2547-2554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: living cationic polymerization ; poly(methyl vinyl ether) ; acetals ; end-functionalized polymers ; diblock copolymers ; water-soluble polymers ; amphiphiles ; nonionic polymeric surfactants ; cloud points ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Water-soluble amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized by the living cationic polymerization of methyl vinyl ether (hydrophilic block) and its subsequent termination with n-alcohols of chain lengths varying from one to eight, and three n-alkyl carboxylic acids with 10, 12, and 18 carbon atoms. Additionally, water and ethylene glycol were tested as terminating agents. The extent of the functionalization was determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The cloud points of 1% w/w aqueous solutions of the polymers as determined by turbidimetry decreased from 32 to 21°C as the number of carbon atoms of the terminating agent increased. Aqueous GPC revealed micellization of the stearic acid-terminated block copolymer, while the other block copolymers existed mainly as unimers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2547-2554, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-ion recombination luminescence from UV irradiation of glassy epoxy resins (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 3285-3294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Brief irradiation of an epoxy resin is shown to induce a chemiluminescence emission which decays over a period of minutes. At cure temperatures, the intensity of this emission passes through a minimum with cure time, correlating with the vitrification of the resin. Photo-induced chemiluminescence can also be observed at room temperature in glassy resins. Studies of emission and excitation wavelengths, atmosphere dependence, electric field effects and thermoluminescence from irradiated resin suggest that two phenomena are responsible. For fluid resins curing in air, the emission is due to the recombination of radicals participating in the oxidation of the resin. As the resin vitrifies, the luminescence is increasingly due to recombination of photo-induced electron-cation pairs and is sensitive to the vitrification. This phenomenon could provide a new method for monitoring cure in thermosetting resins.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021901225
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymerization of acrylonitrile by tetraaziridotitanium(IV) (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1445-1454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylonitrile by tetraaziridotitanium(IV) is very much more rapid than the same reaction initiated by tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium(IV). The former reaction has dead-end kinetics but both can be fitted with the same kinetic scheme. Polymerization is accompanied by initiator wastage via unidentified reactions. Insertion of saturated nitriles into the Ti—N bonds of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium can be monitored by NMR and gives products with high activity for the polymerization of acrylonitrile. Despite their high reactivity towards acrylonitrile none of the initiators will polymerize less reactive monomers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940519
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescence from oxidation of polypropylene: Some comments on a kinetic approach (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We present a detailed criticism of the kinetic approach to the analysis of data obtained from measurements of the very weak chemiluminescence accompanying the oxidation of polypropylene. It is shown that a kinetic model proposed by other workers is based upon invalid assumptions, leads to kinetic parameters which are not sensible, and requires measurement of the properties which it claims to predict.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization in the presence of copper salts (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 827-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radical polymerization of several vinyl monomers has been studied in the presence of cupric chloride. A termination reaction with CuII species leads to the formation of CuI species which can also participate significantly in termination with some, but not all, of the monomers studied. A theoretical treatment of the kinetics of such systems is presented which takes full account of initiator depletion during extended inhibition during extended inhibition periods. Specific velocity constants for reactions of polymer radicals with both CuII and CuI moieties are derived from observations on the nonstationary phase at the end of the inhibition period and from the subsequent steady state of polymerization. On the basis of the results presented here, together with the work of other authors, the patterns-of-reactivity approach gives α = -5.4, β = 9.0 as the parameters for copper (II) chloride. The implications of the results in relation to the mechanisms of the reactions between polymer radicals and both copper(II) chloride and copper(I) chloride are discussed. The kinetic treatment also provides an improved method for the determination of the rate of initiator decomposition and the rate of initiation form studies of the inhibition period.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180305
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