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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Gorteria: tijdschrift voor de floristiek, de plantenoecologie en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland vol. 13 no. 2, pp. 38-40
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new bramble of the series Semisuberecti Focke with bright pink petals is described as Rubus aurora Beek, Bijlsma & Muller.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    In:  Gorteria: tijdschrift voor de floristiek, de plantenoecologie en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland vol. 36 no. (4,5,6), pp. 108-171
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: In Noordwest-Europa is de taxonomie van bramen (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus) goed op orde en de verspreiding van bramen in de verschillende landen goed bekend dankzij herbarium- en veldonderzoek vanaf de jaren 1970. De meeste soorten zijn gestabileerde apomicten die zonder bevruchting zaad vormen. De nakomelingen van een zich apomictisch voortplantende braam zijn hierdoor genetisch gelijk aan de moederplant. In Nederland dateert onderzoek aan bramen pas van na 1900 met een actieve periode na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Dit resulteerde in 1956 in de Rubi Neerlandici door W. Beijerinck, een overzicht gebaseerd op de kunstmatig soortsopvatting van H. Sudre (Rubi Europae; 1908–1913). Het moderne, op typemateriaal en veldwerk gebaseerde onderzoek startte begin jaren 1970 en resulteerde in de decennia erna tot de herkenning en beschrijving van tal van nieuwe regionale soorten en nieuwe namen voor verkeerd geïnterpreteerde soorten. Door de meeste Europese bramendeskundigen wordt een soortsopvatting gehanteerd die inhoudt dat taxa met een areaaldiameter kleiner dan 50 km niet worden beschreven als soort. Deze opvatting wordt ook door ons gehanteerd. Op de naamlijst van Nederlandse bramen van het subgenus Rubus staan 191 soorten verdeeld over 4 secties: Rubus (Zwarte braam; ‘Rubus fruticosus agg.’; 147 soorten), Corylifolii Lindl. (Wasbraam; ‘Rubus corylifolius agg.’; 34 soorten), Caesii Lej. & Courtois (Dauwbraam; 2 soorten) en Subidaei (Focke) A.Beek (Purperbraam; 8 soorten). De laatste sectie omvat gestabiliseerde soorten met R. idaeus L. (Framboos) als voorouder. Nomenclatorische aspecten van de Nederlandse taxa en de beschrijving van enkele nieuwe wasbramen zijn in begeleidende artikelen ondergebracht. Alle taxa – secties, subsecties, series en soorten – zijn voorzien van Nederlandse namen. Aangezien areaalgrootte een belangrijke rol speelt in de taxonomie, is elke soort toegekend aan een areaalcategorie: W1 (zeer wijdverbreid; areaaldiameter 〉1500 km), W2 (wijdverbreid; idem 500–1500 km), R1 (bovenregionaal; idem 250–500 km) of R2 (regionaal; idem 50–250 km). Van de Nederlandse bramen hebben 97 soorten (51%) een regionale verspreiding; slechts 32 soorten (17%) zijn zeer wijdverbreid. Alle digitaal beschikbare verspreidingsgegevens van soorten uit het subgenus Rubus (excl. R. caesius L.) zijn samengebracht in een database, in totaal ruim 43.000 records waarvan 37.000 met een nauwkeurigheid op km-hokniveau of beter. Van alle soorten (excl. Rubus caesius) is de landelijke zeldzaamheid bepaald op grond van Rode Lijst-criteria. Bijna 80 soorten zijn landelijk zeer zeldzaam, 60 zeldzaam, 25 vrij zeldzaam en ongeveer 20 vrij algemeen of algemeen. Zeer algemene soorten ontbreken, wat niet alleen heeft te maken met het hoge aandeel regionale soorten, maar ook met het feit dat in de klei- en veengebieden zeer weinig bramen voorkomen. De regionale verspreiding wordt per soort gegeven als percentage van het aantal uurhokken per floradistrict. Hotspots van soortenrijkdom met meer dan 40 soorten per uurhok liggen in oude boslandschappen in het Rijk van Nijmegen, de Liemers, de Oude IJsselstreek en aangrenzende Veluwezoom en de omgeving van Winterswijk (Achterhoek), Epen-Vijlen (Zuid Limburg) en Oldenzaal (Twente). De regionale soorten dragen sterk bij aan de identiteit van de regio’s. De relatief grote landelijke soortenrijkdom met regionale hotspots onderstreept de ligging van ons land in het centrum van de (sub)atlantische bramendiversiteit in Europa. The taxonomy and distribution of brambles (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus) are well-known in northwestern Europe due to herbarium studies and extensive field work from the 1970s onwards. Most brambles are stabilized apomictic species that form fruits without prior fertilization. Therefore, offspring is genetically identical with the mother plant. In the Netherlands, the study of brambles did not start until 1900, with a relatively active period occuring after World War II. This resulted in the publication of Rubi Neerlandici by W. Beijerinck in 1956, an overview based on the artificial species circumscription of H. Sudre (Rubi Europae; 1908–1913). Modern research, based on the study of type material supplemented with field work began in the 1970s and lead to the recognition of several newly described regional species as well as new names for misapplied species. Most bramble experts in Europe agree on a species circumscription that includes a geographic constraint: taxa with a range less than 50 km in diameter are not described as species. We adhere to this view as well. The Dutch checklist of subgenus Rubus comprises 191 species in 4 sections: Rubus (‘Rubus fruticosus agg.’; 147 species), Corylifolii Lindl. (‘Rubus corylifolius agg.’; 34 species), Caesii Lej. & Courtois (2 species) and Subidaei (Focke) A.Beek (8 species). The latter section includes stabilized species with Rubus idaeus L. as an ancestor. Nomenclatural aspects of the Dutch taxa and the description of some new Corylifolii taxa are dealt with in accompanying papers. All taxa on the checklist are provided with Dutch names, including sections, subsections and series. Since range size is taxonomically important, this feature has been classified and assigned to each species as W1 (very widespread; range diameter 〉1500 km), W2 (widespread; 500–1500 km), R1 (supraregional; 250–500 km) or R2 (regional; 50–250 km). The Dutch checklist contains 97 regional species (51%); only 32 species (17%) are very widespread. All digitally available distribution data for species of Rubus subgenus Rubus (excluding Rubus caesius L.) have been merged into a database, currently comprising about 43,000 records, including 37,000 with an accuracy of one kilometer or better. National rarity of species (Rubus caesius excluded) has been coded according to Dutch Red List criteria based on the number of occupied 5×5 km-squares. Almost 80 species are nationally very rare, 60 rare, 25 rather rare and about 20 rather common or common. Very common species are absent from the section Rubus, which is not only caused by the large proportion of regional species, but also by the low frequency of brambles on clay and peat soils in the western and northern parts of the country. Regional occurrence is expressed as percentage occupied relative to the total number of 5×5 km-squares for each flora district. Hotspots of species richness with more than 40 species per 5×5 km-square occur in old woodland landscapes in physiogeographic gradients with sandy and loamy soils. The national species richness in a European context, the high numbers of regional species, and the occurrence of hotspots of bramble diversity emphasize the central position of the Netherlands within the (sub) atlantic range of brambles in Europe.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 40 (1994), S. 709-713 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Enzyme polymorphism ; Natural selection ; Oxygen consumption ; Starvation resistance ; Triglycerides
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 811-812 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zusatz zum Futter vonDrosophila melanogaster von 5-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridin oder Aminopterin induziert überzählige Skutellar- und Dorsozentralborsten sowie gekerbte Flügel. Diese Modifikationen wurden als Konsequenz von Enzymhemmung interpretiert.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 17 (1979), S. 1131-1144 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; enzyme polymorphism ; G6PD ; 6PGD ; enzyme activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrophoretic variants of G6PD and 6PGD isolated from the Bogota Drosophila melanogaster population were characterized developmentally and biochemically. Changes in in vitro enzyme activity during development were comparable to those found for other dehydrogenases: an increase in the larval and adult stage and a decrease in the pupal stage. During the whole life cycle the “S” enzyme of both loci showed a higher activity than the “F” enzyme. MgCl2 had a stimulating effect on the activity of both enzymes whereas their heat stability was decreased. The allozymes of 6PGD had different Vmax's but were comparable with respect to Km values, pH optimum, and stability at 45 C. the allozymes of G6PD showed different Vmax's and differed in stability at 35 C, but had similar Km values and pH optima. As the difference in stability was probably due to differences in molecular structure of the allozymes, the differences in activity found at high pH and high MgCl2 concentration were most probably due to this difference in stability.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 18 (1980), S. 699-715 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: modifying genes ; G6PD activity ; 6PGD activity ; Drosophila melanogaster ; enzyme polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Different homozygous lines of similar genotype with respect to G6pd and 6Pgd were shown to have different enzyme activities for G6PD and 6PGD. Crosses between high and low lines suggested that there were modifying genes present on the autosomes, while others were probably located on the X chromosome. Allelic variation within each electrophoretic class of G6pd and 6Pgd might, however, also have contributed to this variation. An experiment on adaptation to sodium octanoate demonstrated that in adapted flies selection for lower enzyme activity had occurred, which provided further evidence for the existence of genetic differences in activity. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the activities of G6PD and 6PGD was found for each genotype. Since no correlation was found between MDH and the two enzymes G6PD and 6PGD, it could be concluded that this correlation was probably rather specific for G6PD and 6PGD. Interaction between genotypes with respect to activity was also found. It was shown that the variation at 6Pgd influenced the activity of G6PD within a genotype. The data are discussed in relation to fitness differences presented in foregoing articles.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: gene duplication ; glucosephosphate isomerase ; phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; gene linkage ; Scabiosa columbaria ; electrophoresis ; phylogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Zymograms of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) revealed three isozymes for each enzyme in the plant speciesScabiosa columbaria. Intergenic heterodimers are formed between the polypeptides coded byGpi-1 andGpi-2 and between those coded byPgd-1 andPgd-2, indicating that a GPI and a PGD locus have been duplicated in the past. The ancestral genes assort independently with their duplicated gene, suggesting that the duplications have originated from a process of translocation. Linkage was found only betweenGpi-1 andPgd-2 and betweenGpi-2 andPgd-1, suggesting that the duplicated loci were located on the same translocated chromosomal segment. Both duplications are present in all other examined species ofScabiosa and inCephalaria andKnautia, two other genera of the Dipsacaceae. The generaSuccisa andDipsacus, also belonging to the Dipsacaceae, do not showGpi-1 activity, makingGpi-2 andPgd-1 the most likely ancestral genes. InSuccisa, the isozymes ofGpi-1 andGpi-2 either overlap orGpi-1 has been silenced. The combined results suggest that a chromosomal segment containingGpi-2 andPgd-1 has been translocated before the divergence ofScabiosa, Cephalaria, Knautia, andSuccisa.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1969-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1991-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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