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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of magnesium chloride on the properties of wood and non-wood fibrous paper sheets treated with sodium silicate (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 32 (2003), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study examines the effects of using magnesium chloride as a precipitating agent of sodium silicate on the mechanical, optical and fire retardant properties of the resulting paper sheets. Two types of treatments (internal and external), were carried out to investigate such effects on the paper sheets prepared from wood pulp and from non-wood fibrous, bagasse pulp. The results obtained showed that the treatment of paper sheets with either sodium silicate or sodium silicate-magnesium chloride led to a decrease in the activation energy of the initial main degradation stages. Wood pulp-paper sheets treated with sodium silicate showed better fire retardant properties than the sodium silicate-magnesium chloride treated wood pulp-paper sheets. A reverse trend was noted in the case of paper sheets made from bagasse pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420310475647
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancing environmental performance of formaldehyde-based adhesive in lignocellulosic composites - Part II (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 12-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To investigate a new approach for the prevention of lignocellulosic composites based on agro-fibres (e.g. sugar-cane bagasse) from the emission of toxic formaldehyde. Design/methodology/approach - Five organic polymer containing nitrogen-urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive systems were used as bonding agents for bagasse fibres. The environmental performance of the lignocellulosic composites prepared were evaluated in terms of the effect of the organic polymers on the percentage of free formaldehyde in the adhesive system and the adhesion properties (static bending and water resistance properties) of the composite produced, in comparison with that prepared from un-modified UF. The nitrogen content of the polymer and the amount of organic polymers incorporated in the adhesive system were optimised using the 3D response surface methodology and the multi-linear regression technique. Findings - All investigated organic polymers (crude PAM-g-starch, PAM-g-starch, PAM, CE-starch and Cm-starch) were found to enhance the performance of the UF-adhesive for producing environmentally friendly bagasse-composite, whereas the reduction of free-HCHO in UF-adhesive systems ranges from 26 to 100 percent. The performance of the composite produced exceeded the ANSI requirements for Grade H-3 particle-board. Research limitations/implications - Despite the success in improving the performance (mechanical properties and reduction of free-formaldehyde) of the UF-adhesive and agro-composites, the polymers needed to be incorporated at a high percentage (12-20 percent) resulting in reduced water resistance of the product. Further investigation is needed to resolve this problem. Practical implications - The approach developed provided a simple and practical solution to enhancing the performance of waste agro-fibres and commercial amino adhesive in the production of high performance lignocellulosic composite. Originality/value - The organic polymers UF adhesive systems are novel bonding agents for agro-fibres and could be used in timber mills for production of particle-board and medium density fibre-board.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510572557
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the dimensional stability of natural wood by impregnates (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 72-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To investigate the effects of acetylation process as a chemical treatment method to improve the dimensional stability of wood, or as a pre-treatment step to enhance the dimensional stability of wood by impregnates. Design/methodology/approach - Esterification of two species of wood were carried out by vapour and liquid phase acetylation processes. With the vapour phase acetylation process, wood with different acetyl contents were obtained by changing the length of time of treatment. With the liquid phase acetylation, different acetyl content were obtained by changing the acetylating mixture or by activating wood with acetic acid for different periods of time and at different temperatures prior to the acetylation processes. The acetyl content and the conditions of impregnation improving the dimensional stability were modelled and optimised. The success of acetylation process for improving the affinity of wood towards the impregnation was also demonstrated. Findings - Vapour phase acetylation process was preferable over liquid phase acetylation for improving both water resistance and dimensional stability of wood species examined. Liquid acetylating of wood, as a pre-treatment step enhanced the effect of impregnates, especially the linseed oil to improve relevant wood properties. The greater improvement was obtained at 3?h impregnation time and 190°C curing temperature for 1?h. Research limitations/implications - Despite the success in improving the affinity of wood species to novolac by pre-acetylation, increasing the curing time and curing temperature led to deterioration of the water resistance and dimensional stability. Practical implications - Pre-acetylation of the wood provided a practical solution to rendering the natural wood greater water resistance property using commercial impregnates. Originality/value - The method for acetylation of wood prior to impregnation was novel and could be used for inhibiting wood against moisture absorption during storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510585148
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  • 4
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    Effect of deashing rice straws on their derived activated carbons produced by phosphoric acid activation (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0961-9534
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2909
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
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    Performance of improved bacterial cellulose application in the production of functional paper (2009)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1364-5072
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2672
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Rice straw as precursor of activated carbons: Activation with ortho-phosphoric acid (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0304-3894
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3336
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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