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1

Monograph available for loan

Rocky Mountain futures : an ecological perspective (2002)

Baron, Jill S. [Hrsg.] ; Ehrlich, Paul R. [Mitarb.]

Washington, DC [u.a.] : Island Press

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Call number: PIK N 531-12-0065

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Transforming the Rockies: Human Forces, Settlement Patterns, and Ecosystem Effects ; PART I. The Background of Environmental Change ; 2. Geomorphic and Biogeographic Setting of the Rocky Mountains ; 3. Paleoenvironmental History of the Rocky Mountain Region during the Past 20,000 Years ; 4. Climates of the Rocky Mountains: Historical and Future Patterns ; PART II. Human-Driven Changes to Rocky Mountain Landscapes ; 5. Natural Resource Extraction: Past, Present, and Future ; 6. Ecological Effects of Resource Development in Running Waters ; 7. The Cascading Effects of Fire Exclusion in Rocky Mountain Ecosystems ; 8. Rocky Road in-the Rockies: Challenges to Biodiversity ; PART III. Synthesis of Human Influences on Different Ecological Zones ; 9. Islands in the Sky: Alpine and Treeline Ecosystems of the Rockies ; 10. The Heart of the Rockies: Montane and Subalpine Ecosystems ; 11. Base Camps of the Rockies: The Intermountain Grasslands ; PART IV. Case Studies ; 12. Rumblings in Rio Arriba: Landscape Changes in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Northern New Mexico ; 13. Collaborative Development of a Conservation Planning System: A Case Study of Summit County, Colorado ; 14. Natural and Cultural Influences on Ecosystem Processes in the Flathead River Basin (Montana and British Columbia) ; 15. The Eastern Slopes of the Canadian Rockies: Must We Follow the American Blueprint? ; CONCLUSION Rocky Mountain Futures: Forecasting a Future We Do Not Want

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XXVIII, 325, [8] S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 1559639547

Location: A 18 - must be ordered

Branch Library: PIK Library

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Electronic Resource

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SURFACE-WATER QUALITY IN NORTH AMERICA (2000)

Murdoch, Peter S. ; Baron, Jill S. ; Miller, Timothy L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1752-1688

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography

Notes: : Data from long-term ecosystem monitoring and research stations in North America and results of simulations made with interpretive models indicate that changes in climate (precipitation and temperature) can have a significant effect on the quality of surface waters. Changes in water quality during storms, snowmelt, and periods of elevated air temperature or drought can cause conditions that exceed thresholds of ecosystem tolerance and, thus, lead to water-quality degradation. If warming and changes in available moisture occur, water-quality changes will likely first occur during episodes of climate-induced stress, and in ecosystems where the factors controlling water quality are sensitive to climate variability. Continued climate stress would increase the frequency with which ecosystem thresholds are exceeded and thus lead to chronic water-quality changes. Management strategies in a warmer climate will therefore be needed that are based on local ecological thresholds rather than annual median condition. Changes in land use alter biological, physical, and chemical processes in watersheds and thus significantly alter the quality of adjacent surface waters; these direct human-caused changes complicate the interpretation of water-quality changes resulting from changes in climate, and can be both mitigated and exacerbated by climate change. A rigorous strategy for integrated, long-term monitoring of the ecological and human factors that control water quality is necessary to differentiate between actual and perceived climate effects, and to track the effectiveness of our environmental policies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04273.x

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3

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Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and stream flow patterns in adjacent natural areas (1998)

Stohlgren, Thomas J. ; Chase, Thomas N. ; Pielke, Roger A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: We present evidence that land use practices in the plains of Colorado influence regional climate and vegetation in adjacent natural areas in the Rocky Mountains in predictable ways. Mesoscale climate model simulations using the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) projected that modifications to natural vegetation in the plains, primarily due to agriculture and urbanization, could produce lower summer temperatures in the mountains. We corroborate the RAMS simulations with three independent sets of data: (i) climate records from 16 weather stations, which showed significant trends of decreasing July temperatures in recent decades; (ii) the distribution of seedlings of five dominant conifer species in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, which suggested that cooler, wetter conditions occurred over roughly the same time period; and (iii) increased stream flow, normalized for changes in precipitation, during the summer months in four river basins, which also indicates cooler summer temperatures and lower transpiration at landscape scales. Combined, the mesoscale atmospheric/land-surface model, short-term trends in regional temperatures, forest distribution changes, and hydrology data indicate that the effects of land use practices on regional climate may overshadow larger-scale temperature changes commonly associated with observed increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.t01-1-00182.x

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4

Electronic Resource

Analysis of nitrogen saturation potential in Rocky Mountain tundra and forest: implications for aquatic systems (1994)

Baron, Jill S. ; Ojima, Dennis S. ; Holland, Elisabeth A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biogeochemistry 27 (1994), S. 61-82

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ISSN: 1573-515X

Keywords: alpine tundra ; aquatic ecosystems ; CENTURY model ; Colorado Rocky Mountains ; nitrogen saturation ; subalpine forest

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract We employed grass and forest versions of the CENTURY model under a range of N deposition values (0.02–1.60 g N m−2 y−1) to explore the possibility that high observed lake and stream N was due to terrestrial N saturation of alpine tundra and subalpine forest in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Model results suggest that N is limiting to subalpine forest productivity, but that excess leachate from alpine tundra is sufficient to account for the current observed stream N. Tundra leachate, combined with N leached from exposed rock surfaces, produce high N loads in aquatic ecosystems above treeline in the Colorado Front Range. A combination of terrestrial leaching, large N inputs from snowmelt, high watershed gradients, rapid hydrologic flushing and lake turnover times, and possibly other nutrient limitations of aquatic organisms constrain high elevation lakes and streams from assimilating even small increases in atmospheric N. CENTURY model simulations further suggest that, while increased N deposition will worsen the situation, nitrogen saturation is an ongoing phenomenon.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002571

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Chemical Characteristics of Particulate, Colloidal, and Dissolved Organic Material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park (1997)

McKnight, Diane M. ; Harnish, Richard ; Wershaw, Robert L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biogeochemistry 36 (1997), S. 99-124

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ISSN: 1573-515X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The chemical relationships among particulate and colloidal organicmaterial and dissolved fulvic acid were examined in an alpine andsubalpine lake and two streams in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky MountainNational Park. The alpine lake, Sky Pond, had the lowest dissolved organiccarbon (DOC) (0.37 mgC/L), the highest particulate carbon (POC) (0.13mgC/L), and high algal biomass. The watershed of Sky Pond is primarilytalus slope, and DOC and POC may be autochthonous. Both Andrews Creekand Icy Brook gain DOC as they flow through wet sedge meadows. Thesubalpine lake, The Loch, receives additional organic material from thesurrounding forest and had a higher DOC (0.66 mgC/L). Elemental analysis,stable carbon isotopic compositon, and 13C-NMR characterizationshowed that: 1) particulate material had relatively high inorganic contentsand was heterogeneous in compositon, 2) colloidal material was primarilycarbohydrate material with a low inorganic content at all sites; and 3)dissolved fulvic acid varied in compositon among sites. The lowconcentration and carbohydrate-rich character of the colloidal materialsuggests that this fraction is labile to microbial degradation and may beturning over more rapidly than particulate fractions or dissolved fulvic acid.Fulvic acid from Andrews Creek had the lowest N content and aromaticity,whereas Sky Pond fulvic acid had a higher N content and lower aromaticitythan fulvic acid from The Loch. The UV-visible spectra of the fulvic acidsdemonstrate that variation in characteristics with sources of organic carboncan explain to some extent the observed non-linear relationship betweenUV-B extinction coefficients and DOC concentrations in lakes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005783812730

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Electronic Resource

Ecosystem Responses to Nitrogen Deposition in the Colorado Front Range (2000)

Baron, Jill S. ; Rueth, Heather M. ; Wolfe, Alexander M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Ecosystems 3 (2000), S. 352-368

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ISSN: 1435-0629

Keywords: Key words: nitrogen; Rocky Mountains; Colorado; subalpine forests; alpine and subalpine lakes; paleolimnology; diatoms; N isotopes.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We asked whether 3–5 kg N y−1 atmospheric N deposition was sufficient to have influenced natural, otherwise undisturbed, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Colorado Front Range by comparing ecosystem processes and properties east and west of the Continental Divide. The eastern side receives elevated N deposition from urban, agricultural, and industrial sources, compared with 1–2 kg N y−1 on the western side. Foliage of east side old-growth Englemann spruce forests have significantly lower C:N and lignin:N ratios and greater N:Mg and N:P ratios. Soil % N is higher, and C:N ratios lower in the east side stands, and potential net N mineralization rates are greater. Lake NO3 concentrations are significantly higher in eastern lakes than western lakes. Two east side lakes studied paleolimnologically revealed rapid changes in diatom community composition and increased biovolumes and cell concentrations. The diatom flora is now representative of increased disturbance or eutrophication. Sediment nitrogen isotopic ratios have become progressively lighter over the past 50 years, coincident with the change in algal flora, possibly from an influx of isotopically light N volatilized from agricultural fields and feedlots. Seventy-five percent of the increased east side soil N pool can be accounted for by increased N deposition commensurate with human settlement. Nitrogen emissions from fixed, mobile, and agricultural sources have increased dramatically since approximately 1950 to the east of the Colorado Front Range, as they have in many parts of the world. Our findings indicate even slight increases in atmospheric deposition lead to measurable changes in ecosystem properties.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100210000032

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7

Electronic Resource

Spatial Variation among Lakes within Landscapes: Ecological Organization along Lake Chains (1999)

Soranno, Patricia A. ; Webster, Katherine E. ; Riera, Joan L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Ecosystems 2 (1999), S. 395-410

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ISSN: 1435-0629

Keywords: Key words: landscape position; lake variability; lake districts; synchrony; coherence; north temperate lakes; lake chains; lake order; lake number; water residence time.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: ABSTRACT Although limnologists have long been interested in regional patterns in lake attributes, only recently have they considered lakes connected and organized across the landscape, rather than as spatially independent entities. Here we explore the spatial organization of lake districts through the concept of landscape position, a concept that considers lakes longitudinally along gradients of geomorphology and hydrology. We analyzed long-term chemical and biological data from nine lake chains (lakes in a series connected through surface or groundwater flow) from seven lake districts of diverse hydrologic and geomorphic settings across North America. Spatial patterns in lake variables driven by landscape position were surprisingly common across lake districts and across a wide range of variables. On the other hand, temporal patterns of lake variables, quantified using synchrony, the degree to which pairs of lakes exhibit similar dynamics through time, related to landscape position only for lake chains with lake water residence times that spanned a wide range and were generally long (close to or greater than 1 year). Highest synchrony of lakes within a lake chain occurred when lakes had short water residence times. Our results from both the spatial and temporal analyses suggest that certain features of the landscape position concept are robust enough to span a wide range of seemingly disparate lake types. The strong spatial patterns observed in this analysis, and some unexplained patterns, suggest the need to further study these scales and to continue to view lake ecosystems spatially, longitudinally, and broadly across the landscape.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900089

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