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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 568-570 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Reserpin bewirkte an den Zellen der Substantia nigra der Maus Verschwinden der Katecholamin-haltigen Granula und Anschwellen des endoplasmatischen Retikulums. Das Hauptmerkmal von normalen Kontrollzellen bildeten elektronenoptisch dichte Körper im Cytoplasma.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 439-441 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 5-OH-Dopa und 5-OH-Dopamin senken in vivo den Serotoningehalt und vermindern in vitro dosisabhängig die Aufnahme von3H-Serotonin im Striatum von Ratten. Es kann daher angenommen werden, dass 5-OH-Dopamin in vivo überwiegend eine Verdrängung von Serotonin aus den serotoninergen Speichern verursacht, während in vitro zusätzlich eine Verdrängung von unspezifisch in katecholaminerge Speicher aufgenommenem Serotonin auftreten kann.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 47-47 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 701-703 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Oberflächenaktivität des Prenylamins, bedingt durch den lipophilen Diphenylpropylanteil des Moleküls, wird die Ursache dafür erblickt, dass hohe Konzentrationen zur Freisetzung von Brenzcatechinaminen aus chromaffinen Granula sowie von Hämoglobin aus Erythrocyten führen. Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen zeigten schwere Membranschädigungen der mit Prenylamin inkubierten Granula. Prenylamin hemmte bzw. verhinderte die Hämolyse der in hypotonischer Salzlösung suspendierten Erythrozyten. Ein gemeinsamer Mechanismus, der sowohl die granulolytische und hämolytische als auch die protektive Wirkung auf Granula- und Erythrozytenmembran erklären könnte, wird diskutiert.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 409-423 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptic organization ; Trochlear nucleus ; Cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two distinct types of neuron in the cat trochlear nucleus (one large, one small) are described, the α- and γ-motoneurons, respectively. Four types of terminals are observed which establish axo-dendritic synapses. Two of them (Types I and II) perform axo-somatic synapses as well. Terminals en passant (Types I and II) are predominant. The Type I terminal is long and slender with a characteristic distribution of the axoplasmic organelles and the unique feature of a relative narrowing of the synaptic cleft as compared to the width of the neighboring extracellular space. Its vesicle population is pleomorphic and a conspicuous glial barrier surrounds the synaptic zones. The Type II terminal differs slightly from Type I, revealing a wider synaptic cleft and lacking a characteristic distribution of the axoplasmic organelles. The type III terminal is rarely observed performing axo-somatic synapses, but is a common finding in the neuropil. Post-junctional dense bodies are often present in its axodendritic synapses. The Type IV nerve terminal performs axo-dendritic synapses and is characterized by a rich content of large granulated vesicles. Axo-axonal synapses are observed only very rarely. The synaptic organization of the feline trochlear nucleus is compared with the synaptic morphology of the oculomotor nuclei of inframammalian species (Waxman and Pappas, 1971). In addition to certain similarities (e.g., richness of synapses en passant), significant differences are encountered: the present study provides no morphological evidence for electrotonic transmission in the trochlear nucleus of cat.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Rat ; Incorparation of 3H-Dopamine, 3H-Serotonin and 3H-Norepinephrine ; Axo-dendritic Synapses ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In autoradiographies of substantia nigra in rat, it has been observed that after intraventricular injections of 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine respectively the silvergrains are accumulated in nigra neurons and their dendritic branches. The incorporation was more pronounced in the case of 3H-norepinephrine than 3H-dopamine. This seems to indicate that exogenous norepinephrine may have stronger affinity to nigra neurons and their dendrites than exogenous dopamine. In addition, some 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine labelled nerve terminals were observed in axo-dendritic synapses. In contrast to these data, 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT administration showed almost all silver grains accumulated in the neuropil when observed in light microscopic autoradiography. Electron micrographs further reveal that the incorporation of 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT was mostly within axo-dendritic boutons with more frequent dense core vesicles. These data again strongly suggest that substantia nigra receives a large number of serotoninergic fibres forming axo-dendritic synapses which may play an important role in modulation of substantia nigra function.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 207-221 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Rat ; Six bouton types ; Strio-nigral projection ; Bouton degeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The normal ultrastructure of rat substantia nigra was investigated. Special attention was paid to the different types of boutons, and the mode of termination of the striatonigral connection was examined. Two different types of nigra neurons with deep nuclear membrane indentations were observed. The synaptic organization of rat substantia nigra is very complex. Six types of boutons, with many characteristics, could be differentiated: pleomorphicvesicle boutons (40%), elongated-vesicle boutons (10%), small-round-vesicle boutons (10%), large-round-vesicle boutons (20%), “clear-terminal” (15%) and dense-core-vesicle boutons (about 5%). Vesicle-containing dendrites were observed entering dendro-dendritic synapses. One to four days after large unilateral striatal lesions were made, a great number of degenerating boutons were seen in the ipsilateral substantia nigra, while the contra-lateral substantia nigra was entirely free of degeneration. The newly defined pleomorphic-vesicle boutons were found almost exclusively in the process of degeneration. The neuronal origin of the other bouton types is discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 66 (1965), S. 529-547 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die normale Substruktur der Pyramidenzellen aus den Feldern CA 2, CA 3 und CA 4 vom Ammonshorn des Kaninchens wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Nach unseren Beobachtungen zeichnen sich die Perikarya aller Pyramidenzellen der Ammonshornfelder durch eine charakteristische Anordnung und Lokalisation der Zellorganellen aus. Der stets zentral gelegene Kern wird von einem unvollständigen Ergastoplasmasaum umgeben. Im Bereich des apikalen Dendritenabgangs vergrößert sich dieser Saum zur sog. Kernkappe. Daran schließt sich eine Cytoplasmazone an, die außer einigen Ergastoplasmaanteilen in der Hauptsache die Golgi-Komplexe, zum größten Teil aber auch die Mitochondrien und Zellgranula enthält. An diese Zone des Perikaryons grenzt der Randschollensaum des Ergastoplasmas, das hier die massivste Aggregation von geordnetem Ergastoplasma in der Pyramidenzelle bildet. Sowohl die Zone des Randschollensaums des Ergastoplasmas als auch die Zone der Golgi-Komplexe setzen sich in die Dendriten fort. Außer der Feinstruktur der einzelnen Zellorganellen (Zellkern, Ergastoplasma, Golgi-Komplexe, Mitochondrien) werden die Zellgranula morphologisch analysiert. Mit Hilfe cytochemischer Reaktionen auf saure Phosphatase konnte festgestellt werden, daß der größte Teil dieser Granula zu den Lysosomen gehört.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 101 (1969), S. 448-462 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoamine depletion ; Oxypertine effect ; Ultrastructure of nerve endings in hypothalamus, and substantia nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Biochemisch wird gezeigt, daß optimale und schwache Dosen von Oxypertin die Konzentrati on von Noradrenalin am stärksten, diejenige von Dopamin nur halb so stark und diejenige von Serotonin — wenn überhaupt — nur ganz gering, für kurze Zeit senken. Nur durch sehr hohe, toxische Dosierung von Oxypertin (35 und 70 mg/kg) werden Noradrenalin, Dopamin und Serotonin anfänglich etwa gleich stark aus dem Rattenhirn ausgetrieben, wonach aber die Serotonin-Depots viel schneller wieder aufgefüllt werden als diejenigen des Noradrenalins. Beim Versuch, den subcellulären Wirkungsort verschiedener Dosierungen des Oxypertins zu bestimmen, zeigen sich substrukturelle Veränderungen der noradrenalinhaltigen Granula im caudalen Hypothalamus und in der Epiphyse, wobei das elektronendichte Material der noradrenalinbindenden Vesikel verloren geht. Die Wirkung der Substanz auf die granulierten Vesikel in der Substantia nigra ist dagegen viel geringer oder fehlt sogar. Dieser unterschiedliche Effekt des Oxypertins auf die katecholaminhaltigen Vesikel im hinteren Hypothalamus und in der Substantia nigra weist in Übereinstimmung mit chemischen Bestimmungen darauf hin, daß die Substantia nigra kein Noradrenalin, sondern überwiegend Dopamin in den Speichervesikeln enthält. Der Freisetzungsmechanismus der Katecholamine durch Oxypertin kann auf einer Störung der Monoaminbindung in den Speichergranula beruhen. Toxische Dosen von Oxypertin dagegen zerstören die Membran der Monoaminspeichervesikel, so daß diese fast unterschiedslos auslaufen.
    Notes: Summary It is biochemically shown that optimal and lower dosages of oxypertine produce a differential depletion in norepinephrine and dopamine concentration in rat brain, and a slight, if any, effect on 5-HT concentration. Only after toxic doses (35 and 70 mg/kg) does the effect include also a fall in 5-HT concentration; it is quantitatively similar for all three amines, in the first few hours at least. The serotonin is restored earlier than noradrenaline. Electron microscopic studies were carried out in order to determine the precise action of the drug. At various dosages, ultrastructural alterations of norepinephrine-binding vesicles in the hypothalamic region and in the pineal gland occur with loss of dense core material from the norepinephrine-binding vesicles. However, in the substantia nigra the alteration of the monoamine-binding vesicles is much less. This differential effect of oxypertine on the catecholamine-binding vesicles in the hypothalamic and nigral regions provides in accordance with chemical determinations some evidence that the latter may contain not norepinephrine, but rather dopamine. The releasing mechanism of oxypertine may be due to the interference of monoamine binding at the different storage vesicles. However, toxic doses result in disruption of the vesicular membrane of granulated storage vesicles.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 105 (1970), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal Gland ; Serotonin uptake in sympathetic nerve fibers ; Granulated vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings ; Electron Microscopic Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine localization of rat pineal serotonin has been studied by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. Two hours after the intravenous injection of tritium labelled 5-hydroxytryptophan, the location of large number of silver tangled threads is seen in the sympathetic nerve terminals. There is also a less specific accumulation of the silver grains in the pinealocytes, some appearing in the cytoplasmic organelles and some in the nucleus. In quantitative terms, 43% of the total count of silver grains were in the nerve endings whereas pinealocytes, which comprise a much larger volume of the section, contain a proportionally much smaller number of silver particles (53%). Furthermore the perivascular spaces, which comprise a larger percentage in volume of the section than the nerve endings has nevertheless only about 4% of the grains counted. Although the precise localization of the silver grains is obscure, the reaction of the granulated vesicles in the nerve terminals to the double fixation used, is similar to that shown by the extremely dense material in vesicles of platelets, which was demonstrated to contain serotonin. The results therefore suggest that the silver grains appearing in the nerve terminals two hours after the administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan are in the serotonin binding site in the axon terminals, containing the granulated vesicles.
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