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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soviet biotechnology (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 210-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR, - Recently there has been a number of comments in Nature about biotechnology. In the issue of 10 January, (page 123) there was an attempt to assess the world situation in which, for instance, Japan was quoted as a world leader in this field; we would not dispute this claim. However, that "most ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/284210c0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a statistical design to the optimization of culture medium for recombinant interferon-gamma production by Chinese hamster ovary cells (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1992), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The importance of serum-free medium components on the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and production of recombinant human interferon(IFN)-gamma was investigated. The complexity of the medium led to the adoption of a statistical optimization approach based on a Plackett-Burman design. From this analysis a set of nutritional components was identified as important for cell growth and recombinant protein production. Glycine was identified as an important determinant of specific growth rate, whereas for cell production bovine serum albumin (BSA), phenylalanine and tyrosine were also identified as important. BSA, sodium pyruvate, glutamate, methionine, proline, histidine, hydroxyproline, tyrosine and phenylalanine were shown to be important for IFN-gamma production. Other medium components, such as insulin, arginine, aspartate and serine produced an inhibitory effect on both cell growth and IFN-gamma production. The effect of the stimulatory nutrients as a whole group was tested by increasing their concentration in the medium. A significant improvement in specific cell growth rate, cell production and IFN-gamma production (up to 45%) was achieved on both shake-flask and fermentor cultures. An increase in the medium concentration of the negative variables had only a small inhibitory effect (approximately 10%) on the same parameters. Analysis of the effects of the group of stimulatory amino acids and BSA on CHO cell growth showed that the effect of the former was independent of BSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169424
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodehalogenation of low concentrations of 1,3-dichloropropanol by mono- and mixed cultures of bacteria (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of low concentrations of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and related halohydrins by whole cells and cell-free extracts of soil bacteria has been investigated. Three bacteria (strains A1, A2, A4), isolated from the same soil sample, were distinguished on the basis of cell morphology, growth kinetics and haloalcohol dehalogenase profiles. Strain A1, probably an Agrobacterium sp., dehalogenated 1,3-DCP with the highest specific activity (0.33 U mg protein−1) and also had the highest affinity for 1,3-DCP (K m, 0.1 mM). Non-growing cells of this bacterium dehalogenated low concentrations of 1,3-DCP with a first-order rate constant (k 1) of 1.13 h−1 . The presence of a non-dehalogenating bacterium, strain G1 (tentatively identified as Pseudomonas mesophilius), did not enhance the dehalogenation rate of low 1,3-DCP concentrations. However, the mixed-species consortium of strains A1 and G1 had greater stability than the mono-species culture at DCP concentrations above 1.0 gl−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050877
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaplerotic metabolism of Aspergillus nidulans and its effect on biomass synthesis in carbon limited chemostats (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1981), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Fungal metabolism ; Continuous cultures ; Anaplerotic metabolism ; Biomass ; Aspergillus nidulans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anaplerotic fixation of carbon dioxide by the fungus Aspergillus nidulans when grown under carbon-limited conditions was mediated by pyruvate carboxylase and a phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)-metabolising enzyme which has been tentatively designated as PEP carboxylase. The activities of both enzymes were growth rate dependent and measurements of H14CO3 incorporation by growing mycelium indicated that they were responsible for almost all the assimilated carbon dioxide. In carbon-limited chemostats, the maximum rate of bicarbonate assimilation occurred at a dilution rate of 0.11 h−1, equivalent to 1/2 μmax. The affinity of the pyruvate carboxylase for bicarbonate was twice that of the PEP carboxylase under the conditons of growth used. The effect of changing the bicarbonate concentration in carbon-limited chemostats was substantial: increasing the HCO 3 − concentration over the range 0.7–2.8 mM enhanced biomass synthesis by 22%. Over-shoots in bicarbonate assimilation and carboxylase activity occurred when steady state chemostat cultures were subjected to a step down in dilution rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcript analysis of penicillin genes from Penicillium chrysogenum (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 21 (1992), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Transcription control ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Penicillin biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The presence of a transcriptional control simultaneously affecting the expression of the three penicillin biosynthetic genes, pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE (pen genes), was demonstrated in Penicillium chrysogenum. Using probes specific to each gene, it was observed that the highest level of expression of the pen genes occurred during exponential growth, in both the original ancestral strain (NRRL1951) and a high-penicillin producing strain P2. Expression also occurred in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, indicating that carbon catabolite repression was not directly involved in the regulation. Transcription of the pen genes appeared to cease as the growth rate decreased. Growth was limited in a fermenter by the rate of oxygen transfer. The phosphoglycerate kinase gene (pgk), used as a control, was strongly induced by the reduced oxygen levels, suggesting a stress-related response. By maintaining optimum growth conditions in fermenters, no induction of the pgk gene was observed whereas expression of the pen genes could be maintained. It was also possible to re-establish expresion of the pen genes, after normal cessation, by the addition of cycloheximide to the culture medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molar growth yields, respiration and cytochrome profiles of Beneckea natriegens when grown under carbon limitation in a chemostat (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Marine bacterium ; Beneckea natriegens ; Molar growth yield ; Respiration ; Cytochromes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of growth rate on the physiology of Beneckea natriegens was studied in chemostat culture. The molar growth yields (Y) from glucose and oxygen, the specific rates of oxygen (q O 2) and glucose (q glc) consumption and the specific rate of CO2 production (q CO 2) were linearly dependent on the growth rate over the dilution rate 0.17 h-1 to 0.60 h-1. Further increase in the dilution rate resulted in a decrease in growth yield and respiration rate and these changes were coincident with increases in the specific rate of glucose utilisation and of acetate production. The affinity of Beneckea natriegens for glucose was similar when measured either directly in chemostat culture or in a closed oxygen electrode system using harvested bacteria. The total content of cytochromes decreased with increasing growth rate. However, the quantity of CO-binding cytochromes remained independent of growth rate and correlated with the potential respiration rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406366
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic changes in the chemistry of Aspergillus nidulans: Influence of culture conditions on mycelial composition (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phenotypic variation ; Aspergillus nidulans ; Chemical composition ; Chemostat culture ; Dilution rate ; Temperature ; Hydrogen ion concentration ; Salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative study was made of macromolecular (nucleic acids, protein), carbohydrate and mineral (magnesium, potassium and phosphorus) components of Aspergillus nidulans in glucose limited chemostat cultures, under varying conditions of dilution rate, temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. The overall mineral content showed greatest variation in response to changes in culture salinity, which also affected the mycelial carbohydrate content. Concomitant and opposite changes in the conent of cations and carbohydrates under conditions of increasing salinity may be interpreted in terms of mycelial osmoregulation. Slight variations in DNA content but gross fluctuations in the level of RNA were noted under the different cultural conditions examined. Co-ordinate changes in RNA and Mg2+ contents were evident only under certain conditions: dilution rate from 0.05–0.07 h-1 or temperature from 22–30° C. The constant molar stoichiometry between RNA and Mg2+ characteristic of unicellular microorganisms was not a feature of fungal growth. The protein content was most affected by shifts of temperature and reached minimal values at 25 and 50° C. The growth environment had a marked influence on the protein synthesising activity of RNA, which increased eightfold as the dilution rate was increased from 0.02–0.175 h-1, doubled within the temperature range 20–30° C and fell by 50% between 40 and 50° C. These observations are discussed in the context of the constant ribosomal efficiency in protein synthesis hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446814
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic metabolism in the fungi. Growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in p-hydroxybenzoate-limited chemostats and the effect of growth rate on the synthesis of enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 102 (1975), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ; Growth in p-Hydroxybenzoate-Limited Chemostats ; 3-Oxoadipate Pathway Enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was grown in p-hydroxybenzoate-limited chemostats over the dilution rate (D) range 0.01 to 0.17 h-1 and growth was adequately described by the Monod theory when maintenance energy requirements were considered. The p-hydroxy-benzoate affinity constant, K 8, had the relatively high value of 270 mg/l. The yield from p-hydroxybenzoate varied with dilution rate but was constant above D=0.07 h-1 at 0.56 g yeast/g substrate utilised. The maintenance coefficient for growth on the aromatic substrate was 20 mg/g yeast/hr. Culture viability decreased linearly as the dilution rate was reduced. 4-Hydroxybenzoate 3-mono-oxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, 3-carboxymuconate cyclase and 3-carboxymuconolactone hydrolase activities were dilution rate-dependent, results which accord with the substrate inducibility of these enzymes. Under carbon-limited growth conditions the addition of glucose, a catabolite repressor of these enzymes, to the aromatic medium stimulated their synthesis. Data were also obtained which indicated that whereas the synthesis of the cyclase and the hydrolase was coordinately controlled, that of the first two enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway was under independent control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the apparent K mfor oxygen of Beneckea natriegens using the respirograph technique (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Marine bacterium ; Beneckeanatriegens ; Affinity ; Oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The affinity for oxygen of the marine bacterium Beneckea natriegens was mesured using the “Respirograph” technique of Degn and Wohlrab. Values between 0.15 and 0.25 μM oxygen were obtained for the “apparent” K mfor oxygen regardless of the nature of the respiratory substrate. These values are an order of magnitude lower than those previously reported for B. natriegens using the conventional “closed” oxygen electrode system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410771
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-flow enrichment of a strain ofErwinia carotovora having specificity for highly methylated pectin (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chemostat enrichment ; Erwinia carotovora ; Pectin lyase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A pectinolytic bacterium was isolated from a mixed microbial population by means of a chemostat enrichment procedure. The bacterium, which was identified asErwinia carotovora, grew only on highly methylated pectin and produced a pectin lysase which released unsaturated monomer and dimer from 71% esterified citrus pectin. The pectin lyase was inducible only by pectins having a high methyl content and in pectin-limited chemostats its synthesis passed through a maximum at a dilution rate close to 0.04h-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964268
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