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1

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Symposium on “Protozoan Ecology”: The Role of Protozoa in Litters and Soils (1985)

BAMFORTH, STUART S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 32 (1985), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Soil is the focus of organic matter turnover in terrestrial ecosystems and is an interstitial mosaic of microsites composed of particle aggregates and pore spaces, where transformation, decomposition, mineralization, and humification of organic matter takes place. Microorganisms and animals are scattered discontinuously in these microsites. Microarthropods and larger fauna increase the rate and amount of mineralization by comminution of organic matter and by redistribution of microsites through movements of earthworms and large arthropods; however, mineralization and return of nutrients to plants occurs in the community of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes living in the water films covering aggregates and filling pore spaces. Protozoa, especially small amoebae, are important bacterial grazers because they can enter tiny spaces unavailable to nematodes. The latter graze bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Protozoan and nematode predation increase the amounts of soluble nutrients and decrease the competitive abilities of bacteria, thus making these nutrients more available to plants. Protozoa enhance nutrient recycling out of proportion to their biomass.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1985.tb04035.x

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Protist Biogeography (1981)

BAMFORTH, STUART S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Autecology (cellular organelles and secretions, encystment and dispersal abilities), environmental conditions (physiological tolerances and interaction with other organisms), and evolutionary history contribute to protist biogeography, which manifests ecological and historical aspects. Ecological biogeography is seen in the influence of geochemistry on the distribution of fresh-water phytoflagellates and algae, and of moisture and vegetation type on soil-litter protists. A temporal feature is often present because many protists encyst and respond only to certain ranges of temperature and organic content. Historical biogeography has occurred by radiative host evolution on symbiotic protozoa (e.g., termite flagellates and rumen ciliates), and by the isolating effects of water currents, temperature, and density gradients on oceanic protists (coccoliths, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, radiolaria, and tintinnines). These two aspects combine in protists living on animal surfaces. Humans affect protist biogeography by increasing parasite ranges through human migrations and by water pollution. They can diminish these situations by disease control and exploiting appropriate ciliates in sewage disposal. Many free-living protozoa appear to be cosmopolitan, but mating types and isoenzyme studies suggest that speciation with its geographic connotations may be more widespread than presently appreciated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02794.x

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3

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Terrestrial Protozoa (1980)

BAMFORTH, STUART S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 27 (1980), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SYNOPSIS Litters and soils are special interstitial ecosystems containing water in surface films and pore spaces, large amounts of organic matter, and are subject to extreme moisture and temperature fluctuations. “Terrestrial protozoa” are ubiquitous limnetic species tolerant of high CO2 tensions and possessing efficient encystment mechanisms.Protozoa exploit tiny microhabitats unavailable to larger animals (e.g. nematodes). Naked amebae dominate due to their flexible bodies and interface locomotion. Small flagellates may be abundant, especially in litters. Ciliates are less numerous but their species composition indicates the degree of moisture of the habitat, as do the slower-growing testacea which become prominent in regions of slow decomposition (conifer and tundra biomes). Protozoa promote decomposition by enhancing bacterial metabolism, eating excess bacteria, and excreting simple compounds returnable to plants. Large populations, especially amebae, exploit the abundant bacterial flora of plant root zones (rhizosphere). One protozoon, Colpoda cucullus, has successfully invaded the surfaces of vegetation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04227.x

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4

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Interstitial Protozoa and Algae of Louisiana Salt Marshes (1975)

ELLIOTT, PRISCILLA BROWN ; BAMFORTH, STUART S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 22 (1975), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SYNOPSIS. The majority of Louisiana salt marshes consists of stagnant pools among a vegetation of Spartina spp. and Distichlis spicata. The sediments constitute a “sulphide biome,'’with Eh values reaching to –350 mV. The 200 interstitial ciliate species had definite stratification. Generally, algivores and omnivores occurred in the upper, and bactivores in the lower layers of the sediments. Compaction of particles prevented the flexible and large ciliates from inhabiting the lower layers, while Eh below –200 mV limited the distribution of some species but favored certain bactivores. The pH/Eh range and the abundance of nutrients in the sulfide biome provide habitable conditions for all the major groups of microflora. These, in turn, support nutritionally diverse predatory ciliate populations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1975.tb05222.x

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5

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The Numbers and Proportions of Testacea and Ciliates in Litters and Soils (1971)

BAMFORTH, STUART S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 18 (1971), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SYNOPSIS. The numbers and kinds of testacea and ciliates were studied in the litters and soils of 23 sites, from temperate and subtropical coniferous and deciduous forests, and grasslands. In coniferous forests, testacea were 10 times or more abundant than ciliates, and numbered 10,000–24,000/g (wet weight) in litters and up to 8,000/g in soils. Ciliates numbered up to 1,500/g, but averaged less than 600/g in litters and less than 300/g in soils. Under deciduous vegetation, ciliates approached, equaled, or exceeded testacea, and numbered 1,000–5,000/g in litters, while remaining about the same in soils. Temperature and soil influence vegetation types, and their rates of litter decay affect the protozoa. Moisture favors numerical dominance of certain species. Among testacea, several species dominate in a particular habitat; among ciliates, the genus Colpoda dominates in almost all litter and soil habitats.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03274.x

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Density and Diversity of Protozoa in Some Arid Australian Soils (2002)

ROBINSON, BRET S. ; BAMFORTH, STUART S. ; DOBSON, PHILIP J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 49 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: . This is the first extensive study of soil protozoa of arid lands. Twenty-six samples from litters, soils, termitaria, and a cyanobacterial crust, collected from central and south Australian arid lands, were analyzed for numbers and species of gymnamoebae, ciliates, and testacea. Amoebae ranged from 1,000–5,000/g of material, and were two orders of magnitude more abundant than ciliates. Both groups increased in abundance and species richness from bare soils through spinifex to mulga to chenopod vegetations. Testacea ranged 900–5,000/g with similar species richness throughout vegetations, but reached 11,900/g with a doubling of species in a refugium in Kings Canyon. The most prevalent species of amoebae, ciliates, and testacea were taxa associated with ephemeral and disturbed habitats (r-selection). The cyanobacterial crust might be considered a micro-refugium because it contained a number of non-encysting protozoa, including Thecamoeba sp. and Nassula picta, feeding on cyanobacterial filaments. The numbers and species richness of protozoa under shrubs were greater than in bare soils, supporting the resource island hypothesis that desert plants create soil heterogeneity by localizing soil fertility under their canopies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00227.x

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7

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Interpreting soil ciliate biodiversity (1995)

Bamforth, Stuart S.

Springer

Plant and soil 170 (1995), S. 159-164

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: biodiversity ; ciliates ; soil

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The results of soil ciliate frequency studies of 47 field studies, from 12 ecosystem types, were combined with recent concepts and observations to assess the importance of soil ciliate biodiversity in ecosystem functioning. A few species typically furnish most of the individuals; increases in biodiversity, produced by less common species, alters soil ciliate communities. Soil ciliates were grouped according to position on the r/K continuum, with polyhymenophoran species as K, and colpodids as r organisms; and according to degree of soil affinity. Grasslands and hardwood forests were characterized by large numbers of K and intermediate species, whereas pine forests and more stressed ecosystems (e.g., arable lands, deserts) had more colpodid and fewer total species. Within these systems, certain species may become prominent, or be absent, suggesting that many soil ciliates exhibit widely overlapping niches, and that while a soil might function with a few species, high diversity allows systems to respond to changing seasons and climate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183064

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